Research Article
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Taxes and the Power of Tax From 1215 Magna Carta to 1381 Peasant Revolt in England

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 01.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.945617

Abstract

1215 Magna Carta has been frequently referenced in many public finance studies. When viewed in conjunction with previous and subsequent fiscal developments, the 1215 Magna Carta gives a wealth of historical information on topics such as how taxes evolved, the conflict for the power of tax, and the legitimacy of taxes. In this context, the study's purpose is to comprehend the historical process that occurred around the 1215 Magna Carta, to comprehend the origins of taxes, and to investigate how the power of tax and legitimacy have changed over time. Historical events such as the Magna Carta of 1215, the Confirmato Cartum of 1297, and the Peasant Revolt of 1381 are regarded as fiscal in this regard. The study began by evaluating 1215 Magna Carta from a fiscal standpoint, and then attempted to link 1297 Confirmato Cartum to Magna Carta. The fiscal developments between the years 1297 and 1381 are examined. As a result, it has been emphasized that the understanding of taxes, the power of tax and the legitimacy of taxes is possible by examining these concepts in changing social processes.

References

  • Alt, J. (2019). Ethics V: The Church and Taxation, https://www.taxjustice-and-poverty.org/fileadmin/Dateien/Taxjustice_and_Poverty/Ethics_and_Religion/General/05_The_Church_and_Taxation.pdf (erişim tarihi: 15.02.2021).
  • Barratt, N. (1996). The Revenue of King John. English Historical Review, 3(443), 835-855.
  • Bury St Edmunds Town Council (2021). The journey of Bury St Edmunds Town Council. https://www.burystedmunds-tc.gov.uk/home/town-history/ (erişim adresi: 5.02.2021).
  • Brayson, A. (2013). The Fiscal Constitution of Later Medieval England: The Reign of Henry VI. Yayınlanmamış Tez. University of York Department of History, York.
  • Britannica (2021). Pipe Roll. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pipe-Rolls (erişim tarihi: 10.02.2021).
  • Britannica (2021a). Wardrobe. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wardrobe-English-government ( erişim tarihi: 05.01.2021)
  • Chew, H. M. (1920). Scutage under Edward I. The English Historical Review,37(147), 321-336.
  • Clanchy, M.T. (1998). England and its Rulers 1066-1272, Blackwell Publishing., Oxford.
  • Dietz, F. C. (1964). English Government Finance 1485-1558, Thomas Nelson, Londra.
  • Edwards, J.G. (1943). Confirmatio Cartarum and Baronial Grievances in 1297. The English Historical Review, c.56, s.230, ss. 147-171.
  • Freknall, J.H. (2010).Fiscal grievances underpinning the Magna Carta: some first thoughts. J. Tiley (Ed.), Studies in the history of tax law V. Hart Publishing, Oxford, 89-106.
  • Gözler, K (2009). İngiltere’de Parlamento Neden ve Nasıl Ortaya Çıktı: Malî Hukukun Anayasa Hukukundan Eskiliği Üzerine Bir Deneme. www.anayasa.gen.tr/mali-hukuk.htm (erişim tarihi: 22.01. 2021).
  • Gras, N.S.B. (1912).The Origin of the National Custom-Revenue of England. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 21(1), 107-149.
  • Harris, B. E. (1964). King John and the Sheriff's Farms. The English Historical Review, 79(312), 532-542.
  • Harriss, G.L. (1975). King, Parliament and Public finance in Medieval England to 1369, Clarendon Press , Oxford.
  • Hollister, C.W. (1960). The Significance of Scutage Rates in Eleventh and Twelfth- Century England. The English Historical Review, 75(297), 577-588.
  • Holmes, G. (1962). The Later Middle Ages 1272-1485, W.W. Norton Company Inc, New York.
  • Holt, J. (2015). Magna Carta, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Huges J.F. ve L. Oats (2007). King John’s Tax Innovations-Exortion, Resistance and the Establishment of the principle of Taxation by Consent. The Accounting Historians Journal, 34(2), 75-107.
  • Jones, W.R. (1975). Purveyance for War and the Community of the Realm in the Late Medieval England. Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 7(1), 300-316.
  • Loades, D. (1997). Tudor Government, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
  • McKechnie, W.S. (1914). Magna Carta, James MacLehose and Sons, Glasgow.
  • McKechnie, W.S. (1917). Magna Carta 1215-1915. H.E. Maden (Ed.), Magna Carta Commemoration Essays. Royal Historical Society, Londra,1-25.
  • Meredith, O. H. (1939). Economic History of England: a Study in Social Development, Pitnam, Londra.
  • Merriam- Webster (2021a). Scutage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scutage (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021b). Carucage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/carucage (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021c). Tallage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tallage (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021d). Dame. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dame#etymology (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021e). Auxiliary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/auxiliary (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021f). Purveyance. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/purveyance#h1(erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021g). Danegeld. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/danegeld (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021h). Lastage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lastage(erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021ı). Scavage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scavage(erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021i). Tax. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tax#h1
  • Mitchell, S. K. (1914). Studies In Taxation Under John And Henry III, Yale University Press, Londra.
  • Ormrod, W. (1990). The Peasants' Revolt and the Government of England. Journal of British Studies, 29(1), 1-30.
  • Oman, C.S. (1989). The Great Revolt of 1381, Greenhill Books, Londra.
  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2020). Saint Augustine,https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/#:~:text=Augustine%20was%20perhaps%20the%20greatest,deepest%20and%20most%20lasting%20influence.&text=Throughout%20his%20work%20he%20engages,which%20he%20knew%20from%20firsthand (erişim adresi: 22.01. 2021).
  • Tait, J. (1968). The medieval English borough; studies on its origins and constitutional history, Manchester University Press, New York.
  • Turner, R.V. (2003). Magna Carta, Routledge, Londra.
  • Uluatam, Ö. (2014). Kamu Maliyesi, İmaj Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Warren, W.L. (1987).The Governance of Norman and Angevin England, Edward Arnold, Londra.
  • Waugh, S. (1991). England in the reign of Edward III, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Yerli, K. (2018). Shakespeare’in Kral John İsimli Oyunu ve Magna Carta’yı Yeni Tarihselcilik Işığında Anlamak. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 241-259.
  • Yılmaz H.H. VE M. Biçer (2010). Parlamentonun Bütçe Hakkını Etkin Kullanımının Yeni Bütçe Sistemi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi. Maliye Dergisi, (158), 201-225.

1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler ve Vergileme Yetkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 01.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.945617

Abstract

1215 Magna Carta pek çok açıdan olduğu gibi mali açıdan da sıklıkla referans verilen bir metin olmuştur. 1215 Magna Carta, kendisinden önce ve sonraki mali gelişmeler ile birlikte incelediğinde, vergilerin emriyonik olarak nasıl geliştiği, vergileme yetkisi konusunda verilen mücadelenin nasıl seyrettiği, vergilerin meşruiyeti gibi konuları anlamak için oldukça zengin tarihsel malzemeye olanak verir. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, 1215 Magna Carta’nın etrafında cereyan eden tarihsel süreci vergilerin kökenini anlamak, vergileme yetkisi ve vergilerin meşruiyetinin tarihsel olarak nasıl değiştiğini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, mali açıdan önemli tarihsel uğraklar olduğu düşünülen 1215 Magna Carta, 1297 Confirmato Cartum ve 1381 Köylü İsyanını kapsayan tarihsel süreç mali gelişmeler odağa alınarak incelenmeye çalışmıştır. Çalışma öncelikle 1215 Magna Carta’yı mali açıdan kapsamlı bir biçimde değerlendirmiş, 1297 Confirmato Cartum ile Magna Carta ilişkilendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. 1297 yılında 1381 yılına geçen süreçteki mali gelişmeler ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak vergilerin, vergileme yetkisinin ve vergilerin meşruluğunun anlaşılmasının kavramların değişen toplumsal süreçler içerisinde incelenmesi ile mümkün olduğu vurgulanmıştır.

References

  • Alt, J. (2019). Ethics V: The Church and Taxation, https://www.taxjustice-and-poverty.org/fileadmin/Dateien/Taxjustice_and_Poverty/Ethics_and_Religion/General/05_The_Church_and_Taxation.pdf (erişim tarihi: 15.02.2021).
  • Barratt, N. (1996). The Revenue of King John. English Historical Review, 3(443), 835-855.
  • Bury St Edmunds Town Council (2021). The journey of Bury St Edmunds Town Council. https://www.burystedmunds-tc.gov.uk/home/town-history/ (erişim adresi: 5.02.2021).
  • Brayson, A. (2013). The Fiscal Constitution of Later Medieval England: The Reign of Henry VI. Yayınlanmamış Tez. University of York Department of History, York.
  • Britannica (2021). Pipe Roll. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pipe-Rolls (erişim tarihi: 10.02.2021).
  • Britannica (2021a). Wardrobe. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wardrobe-English-government ( erişim tarihi: 05.01.2021)
  • Chew, H. M. (1920). Scutage under Edward I. The English Historical Review,37(147), 321-336.
  • Clanchy, M.T. (1998). England and its Rulers 1066-1272, Blackwell Publishing., Oxford.
  • Dietz, F. C. (1964). English Government Finance 1485-1558, Thomas Nelson, Londra.
  • Edwards, J.G. (1943). Confirmatio Cartarum and Baronial Grievances in 1297. The English Historical Review, c.56, s.230, ss. 147-171.
  • Freknall, J.H. (2010).Fiscal grievances underpinning the Magna Carta: some first thoughts. J. Tiley (Ed.), Studies in the history of tax law V. Hart Publishing, Oxford, 89-106.
  • Gözler, K (2009). İngiltere’de Parlamento Neden ve Nasıl Ortaya Çıktı: Malî Hukukun Anayasa Hukukundan Eskiliği Üzerine Bir Deneme. www.anayasa.gen.tr/mali-hukuk.htm (erişim tarihi: 22.01. 2021).
  • Gras, N.S.B. (1912).The Origin of the National Custom-Revenue of England. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 21(1), 107-149.
  • Harris, B. E. (1964). King John and the Sheriff's Farms. The English Historical Review, 79(312), 532-542.
  • Harriss, G.L. (1975). King, Parliament and Public finance in Medieval England to 1369, Clarendon Press , Oxford.
  • Hollister, C.W. (1960). The Significance of Scutage Rates in Eleventh and Twelfth- Century England. The English Historical Review, 75(297), 577-588.
  • Holmes, G. (1962). The Later Middle Ages 1272-1485, W.W. Norton Company Inc, New York.
  • Holt, J. (2015). Magna Carta, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Huges J.F. ve L. Oats (2007). King John’s Tax Innovations-Exortion, Resistance and the Establishment of the principle of Taxation by Consent. The Accounting Historians Journal, 34(2), 75-107.
  • Jones, W.R. (1975). Purveyance for War and the Community of the Realm in the Late Medieval England. Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 7(1), 300-316.
  • Loades, D. (1997). Tudor Government, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
  • McKechnie, W.S. (1914). Magna Carta, James MacLehose and Sons, Glasgow.
  • McKechnie, W.S. (1917). Magna Carta 1215-1915. H.E. Maden (Ed.), Magna Carta Commemoration Essays. Royal Historical Society, Londra,1-25.
  • Meredith, O. H. (1939). Economic History of England: a Study in Social Development, Pitnam, Londra.
  • Merriam- Webster (2021a). Scutage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scutage (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021b). Carucage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/carucage (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021c). Tallage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tallage (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021d). Dame. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dame#etymology (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021e). Auxiliary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/auxiliary (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021f). Purveyance. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/purveyance#h1(erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021g). Danegeld. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/danegeld (erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021h). Lastage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lastage(erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021ı). Scavage. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scavage(erişim adresi: 02.07.2021).
  • Merriam- Webster (2021i). Tax. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tax#h1
  • Mitchell, S. K. (1914). Studies In Taxation Under John And Henry III, Yale University Press, Londra.
  • Ormrod, W. (1990). The Peasants' Revolt and the Government of England. Journal of British Studies, 29(1), 1-30.
  • Oman, C.S. (1989). The Great Revolt of 1381, Greenhill Books, Londra.
  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2020). Saint Augustine,https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/#:~:text=Augustine%20was%20perhaps%20the%20greatest,deepest%20and%20most%20lasting%20influence.&text=Throughout%20his%20work%20he%20engages,which%20he%20knew%20from%20firsthand (erişim adresi: 22.01. 2021).
  • Tait, J. (1968). The medieval English borough; studies on its origins and constitutional history, Manchester University Press, New York.
  • Turner, R.V. (2003). Magna Carta, Routledge, Londra.
  • Uluatam, Ö. (2014). Kamu Maliyesi, İmaj Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Warren, W.L. (1987).The Governance of Norman and Angevin England, Edward Arnold, Londra.
  • Waugh, S. (1991). England in the reign of Edward III, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Yerli, K. (2018). Shakespeare’in Kral John İsimli Oyunu ve Magna Carta’yı Yeni Tarihselcilik Işığında Anlamak. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 241-259.
  • Yılmaz H.H. VE M. Biçer (2010). Parlamentonun Bütçe Hakkını Etkin Kullanımının Yeni Bütçe Sistemi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi. Maliye Dergisi, (158), 201-225.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Ağdemir 0000-0001-8569-2672

Early Pub Date October 27, 2021
Publication Date May 1, 2022
Submission Date May 31, 2021
Acceptance Date August 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ağdemir, Z. (2022). 1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler ve Vergileme Yetkisi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 22(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.945617
AMA Ağdemir Z. 1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler ve Vergileme Yetkisi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. May 2022;22(1):1-12. doi:10.25294/auiibfd.945617
Chicago Ağdemir, Zeynep. “1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler Ve Vergileme Yetkisi”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 22, no. 1 (May 2022): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.945617.
EndNote Ağdemir Z (May 1, 2022) 1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler ve Vergileme Yetkisi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 22 1 1–12.
IEEE Z. Ağdemir, “1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler ve Vergileme Yetkisi”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2022, doi: 10.25294/auiibfd.945617.
ISNAD Ağdemir, Zeynep. “1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler Ve Vergileme Yetkisi”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 22/1 (May 2022), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.945617.
JAMA Ağdemir Z. 1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler ve Vergileme Yetkisi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2022;22:1–12.
MLA Ağdemir, Zeynep. “1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler Ve Vergileme Yetkisi”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 1, 2022, pp. 1-12, doi:10.25294/auiibfd.945617.
Vancouver Ağdemir Z. 1215 Magna Carta’dan 1381 Köylü İsyanına İngiltere’de Vergiler ve Vergileme Yetkisi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2022;22(1):1-12.
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