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Yaprakbiti parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinin farklı besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması

Year 2019, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 15 - 24, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.462721

Abstract

Aphidiinae’ye
bağlı ergin parazitoitlerin yaprakbitlerini baskı altına alırken daha iyi
performans gösterebilmeleri için bulundukları çevrede nektar ve yaprakbitlerinin
beslenmesi sonucu salgıladığı ballımsı madde gibi besinlere gereksinim
duyarlar. Özellikle parazitoitlerin kitle üretim çalışmalarında erginlere ek
besin verilmesi başarılı bir üretim için elzemdir. Ek besinlerin Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve
L. testaceipes
’in (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
ömür uzunluğuna etkisi bu çalışmada araştırılmıştır. Denemeler %10 şekerli su,
%20 şekerli su, %10 ballı su, %20 ballı su, pamuk üzerindeki Aphis gossypii Glover’den (Hemiptera:
Aphididae) elde edilen ballımsı madde, saf su kullanılarak ve besinsiz olarak
yürütülmüştür. L. confusus, L. fabarum ve L. testaceipes erginleri, besinsiz ve saf suya göre şekerli su ve
ballı su ile beslenen bireyler, daha uzun yaşamıştır. Parazitoitler %10 şekerli
su ile beslendiğinde, L. confusus’da
3. günün sonunda sadece %8, L. fabarum’da
%28 ve L. testaceipes’te ise %10
oranında ölüm gerçekleşmiştir. Parazitoit türleri içinde en uzun yaşam genel
olarak L. testaceipes’te görülmüştür,
fakat türlerin besinlere tepkileri farklı olmuştur. L. testaceipes bireyleri %10 ballı su ile beslendiklerinde %20’si
9. günün sonuna kadar yaşamına devam edebilmiştir. Parazitoitlerin kitle
üretiminde, şekerli su ile besin takviyesi yapmanın parazitoit ömrünü uzattığı
belirlenmiş olup, buna bağlı olarak yumurta veriminin de olumlu yönde etkileneceği
düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Anonim 2018. https://www.tarim.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Entegre/turugil.entegre. pdf erişim 05.04.2018 tarihinde
  • Bezemer T. M., Harvey J. A., Mills N. J. 2005. Influence of adult nutrition on the relationship between body size and reproductive parameters in a parasitoid wasp. Ecological Entomology, 30: 571-580.
  • Eijs I.E.M., Ellers J., van Duinen G. J. 1998. Feeding strategies in drosophilid parasitoids: the impact of natural food resources on energy reserves in females. Ecological Entomology 23, 133–138.
  • England S, Evans E.W. 1997. Effects of pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew on longevity and fecundity of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Environmental Entomology 26: 1437-1441.
  • Fadamiro, H. Y., Heimpel G. E. 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 94 (6): 909-916.
  • Godfray H. J. C. 1994. Parasitoids. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Gündüz E. A., Gülel A. 2004. Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinde konukçu türünün ve besin tipinin ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 28 (4): 275-282.
  • Hagley E. A. C., Barber D. R. 1992. Effect of food sources on the longevity and fecundity of Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Canadian Entomology 124: 241-246.
  • Hardy I.C.V., Griffiths N.T., Godfray H.C.J. 1992. Clutch size in a parasitoid wasp: A manipulation experiment. Journal of Animal Ecology 61: 121-129.
  • Hendrix D. L., Wei Y., Leggett J. E. 1992. Homopteran honeydew sugar composition is determined by both the insect and plant species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101B: 23–27
  • Işıtan Ö. V., Gülel A., Gündüz E. A. 2010 Farklı sıcaklık ve besin tipinin parazitoit Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un ömür uzunluğuna etkisi Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 34 (3): 351-360.
  • Jervis M. A., Kidd N. A. C. 1986. Host-feeding strategies in Hymenopteran parasitoids. Biological Reviews, 61: 395-434.
  • Jervis M.A., Kidd N.A.C., Fitton M.G. 1993. Flowervisiting by hymenopteran parasitoids. Journal of Natural History. 27: 67–105.
  • Karacaoğlu M., Satar G., Uygun N., Satar S. 2017. Ara ekimin yaprakbitlerine karşı turunçgil bahçelerinde kullanımı. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 8(2): 125-146
  • Kennedy J. S. , Fosbrooke J. H. M. 1972. The plant in the life of an aphid. – In: van Emden H. F. (ed.), Insect Plant Relations. Blackwell Science
  • Kılınçer N., Yiğit A., Kazak C., Er M. K., Kurtuluş A., Uygun N. 2010. Teoriden pratiğe zararlılarla biyolojik mücadele. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 1(1): 15-60
  • Lewis W. J., Stapel J. O., Cortesero A. M., Tak K. 1998. Understanding how parasitoids balance food and host needs: importance to biological control. BioI. Controll1: 175-183.
  • Olson D. M., Andow D. A. 1998. Larval crowding and adult nutrition effects on longevity and fecundity of female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology 27: 508-514
  • Olson, D. M., Fadamiro H., Lundgren J. G., Heimpel G. E. 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology, 25: 17-26
  • Rudgers, J. A.; S. Y. Strauss & J. F. Wendel. 2004. Trade-offs among antiherbivore resistance traits: insights from Gossypieae (Malvaceae).American Journal of Botany 91: 871–880
  • Schmale I., Wäckers F.L., Cardona C., Dorn S. 2001. Control potential of three hymenopteran parasitoid species against the bean weevil in stored beans: the effect of adult parasitoid nutrition on longevity and progeny production. Biological Control 21, 134–139
  • Satar, G., Karacaoğlu, M., Satar, S. 2018. Development of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on different hosts and temperatures. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 42 (1), 43-52. DOI: 10.16970/entoted.376293
  • Satar S., Uygun N., Demirhan G., Karacaoğlu M. 2009. Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae)’nin Parazitoitlerinden Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay and Eady, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) ve Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae:Aphidiinae)’in Biyolojik Mücadelede Kullanılma Olanakları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. TUBİTAK-TOVAG 105-O581. 125s.
  • Satar S., Karacaoğlu M., Satar G., Uygun N. 2011. Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’nin önemli bir parazitoidi Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’in Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki turunçgil bahçelerine salım çalışmaları. Türk. Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 2 (1): 55-62.
  • SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
  • Syed, T. S.; Abro G. H., Khuhro R. D., Dhauroo M. H. 2003. Relative resistance of cotton varieties against sucking pests. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 6: 1232–1233.
  • Tena A., Felix L W., Heimpel G. E., Urbaneja A., Pekas A. 2016. Parasitoid nutritional ecology in a community context: the importance of honeydew and implications for biological control Current Opinion in Insect Science 2016, 14:100–104
  • Ueno T. 1999. Reproduction and host-feeding in the solitary parasitoid wasp Pimpla nipponica (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 35 (3): 231-237
  • Uygun N. , Ulusoy M. R., Satar S. 2010. Biyolojik Mücadele. Türk. Biyo. Müc.Derg., 1, (2010),1-14
  • Vollhardt I.M.G., Bianchi F. J. J. A., Wäckers F. L., Thies C., Tscharntke T. 2010. Spatial distribution of flower vs. honeydew resources in cereal fields may affect aphid parasitism Biological Control 53 (2010) 204–213
  • Wäckers F. L. 2000. Do oligosaccharids reduce the suitability of honeydew for predators and parasitoids? A further facet to the function of insect-synthesized honeydew sugars. Oikos 90, 197–201
  • Wäckers F. L. 2001. A comparison of nectar- and honeydew sugars with respect to their utilization by the hymenopteran parasitoid Cotesia glomerata. Journal of Insect Physiology 47, 1077–1084
  • Wäckers F., van Rijn P.C.J., Heimpel G. 2008. Honeydew as a food source for natural enemies: Making the best of a bad meal? Biological Control 45 (2), 176–184.Wyckhuys K. A. G., Strange-George J. E., Kulhanek C. A., Wäckers F. L., Heimpel G. E. 2008. Sugar feeding by the aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis: How does honeydew compare with other sugar sources. Journal of Insect Physiology, 54: 481-491
  • Yoldaş Z, Güncan A, Koçlu T. 2011. Seasonal occurrence of aphids and their natural enemies in Satsuma mandarin orchards in Izmir, Turkey. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi. 35 (1): 59-74
  • Yumruktepe R., Uygun N. 1994. Determination of aphid species (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their natural enemies in citrus orchards in Eastern Mediterrenean region.Proc. Third Turkish National Congress of Biological Control (Ankara, Turkey), pp. 1–12 (Turkish, with English abstract). 28
  • Zeren O., Düzgüneş Z. 1989 A study on identification, host plants, effect on host plant and natural enemies of aphids, causing damage on vegetables in Çukurova region. Turkish Ministry of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey. Research Ser. No. 59 (Turkish, with English summary).

Investigation of the longevity of adults of aphid parasitoids Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) and L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in different food environments

Year 2019, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 15 - 24, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.462721

Abstract

For the better control of the aphids, adult parasitoids belonging to Aphidiinae family need to feed with additional nutrients such as flower nectar and honeydew, which is produced by aphids from their habitat. Particularly, additional nutrition supply to adults is essential for a successful mass rearing of the parasitoids. The effect of additional nutrition on the longevity of Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall), and L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) were investigated. The experiment was conducted using 10% sugared water, 20% sugared water, 10% honey, 20% honey water, honeydew which is produced by Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on the cotton plants, pure water, and without nutrition. The adults of L. confusus, L. fabarum, and L. testaceipes lived longer with sugared water and honey water than those without nutrient and pure water. When parasitoids were fed with 10% sugared water, the mortality rate was only 8% of L. confusus and 18% of L. fabarum and 10% of L. testaceipes end of the third days. The longest survival in the parasitoid species was generally observed for L. testaceipes, but the response to nutrients of the parasitoid was also different. 20% of the L. testaceipes individuals living with 10% honey water survived until the end of the 9th day. In the mass production of parasitoids, nutritional supplementation with sugared water has been shown to prolong the life of the parasitoids and it is thought that egg production will be positively affected.

References

  • Anonim 2018. https://www.tarim.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Entegre/turugil.entegre. pdf erişim 05.04.2018 tarihinde
  • Bezemer T. M., Harvey J. A., Mills N. J. 2005. Influence of adult nutrition on the relationship between body size and reproductive parameters in a parasitoid wasp. Ecological Entomology, 30: 571-580.
  • Eijs I.E.M., Ellers J., van Duinen G. J. 1998. Feeding strategies in drosophilid parasitoids: the impact of natural food resources on energy reserves in females. Ecological Entomology 23, 133–138.
  • England S, Evans E.W. 1997. Effects of pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew on longevity and fecundity of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Environmental Entomology 26: 1437-1441.
  • Fadamiro, H. Y., Heimpel G. E. 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 94 (6): 909-916.
  • Godfray H. J. C. 1994. Parasitoids. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Gündüz E. A., Gülel A. 2004. Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinde konukçu türünün ve besin tipinin ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 28 (4): 275-282.
  • Hagley E. A. C., Barber D. R. 1992. Effect of food sources on the longevity and fecundity of Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Canadian Entomology 124: 241-246.
  • Hardy I.C.V., Griffiths N.T., Godfray H.C.J. 1992. Clutch size in a parasitoid wasp: A manipulation experiment. Journal of Animal Ecology 61: 121-129.
  • Hendrix D. L., Wei Y., Leggett J. E. 1992. Homopteran honeydew sugar composition is determined by both the insect and plant species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101B: 23–27
  • Işıtan Ö. V., Gülel A., Gündüz E. A. 2010 Farklı sıcaklık ve besin tipinin parazitoit Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un ömür uzunluğuna etkisi Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 34 (3): 351-360.
  • Jervis M. A., Kidd N. A. C. 1986. Host-feeding strategies in Hymenopteran parasitoids. Biological Reviews, 61: 395-434.
  • Jervis M.A., Kidd N.A.C., Fitton M.G. 1993. Flowervisiting by hymenopteran parasitoids. Journal of Natural History. 27: 67–105.
  • Karacaoğlu M., Satar G., Uygun N., Satar S. 2017. Ara ekimin yaprakbitlerine karşı turunçgil bahçelerinde kullanımı. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 8(2): 125-146
  • Kennedy J. S. , Fosbrooke J. H. M. 1972. The plant in the life of an aphid. – In: van Emden H. F. (ed.), Insect Plant Relations. Blackwell Science
  • Kılınçer N., Yiğit A., Kazak C., Er M. K., Kurtuluş A., Uygun N. 2010. Teoriden pratiğe zararlılarla biyolojik mücadele. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 1(1): 15-60
  • Lewis W. J., Stapel J. O., Cortesero A. M., Tak K. 1998. Understanding how parasitoids balance food and host needs: importance to biological control. BioI. Controll1: 175-183.
  • Olson D. M., Andow D. A. 1998. Larval crowding and adult nutrition effects on longevity and fecundity of female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology 27: 508-514
  • Olson, D. M., Fadamiro H., Lundgren J. G., Heimpel G. E. 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology, 25: 17-26
  • Rudgers, J. A.; S. Y. Strauss & J. F. Wendel. 2004. Trade-offs among antiherbivore resistance traits: insights from Gossypieae (Malvaceae).American Journal of Botany 91: 871–880
  • Schmale I., Wäckers F.L., Cardona C., Dorn S. 2001. Control potential of three hymenopteran parasitoid species against the bean weevil in stored beans: the effect of adult parasitoid nutrition on longevity and progeny production. Biological Control 21, 134–139
  • Satar, G., Karacaoğlu, M., Satar, S. 2018. Development of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on different hosts and temperatures. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 42 (1), 43-52. DOI: 10.16970/entoted.376293
  • Satar S., Uygun N., Demirhan G., Karacaoğlu M. 2009. Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae)’nin Parazitoitlerinden Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay and Eady, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) ve Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae:Aphidiinae)’in Biyolojik Mücadelede Kullanılma Olanakları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. TUBİTAK-TOVAG 105-O581. 125s.
  • Satar S., Karacaoğlu M., Satar G., Uygun N. 2011. Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’nin önemli bir parazitoidi Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’in Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki turunçgil bahçelerine salım çalışmaları. Türk. Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 2 (1): 55-62.
  • SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
  • Syed, T. S.; Abro G. H., Khuhro R. D., Dhauroo M. H. 2003. Relative resistance of cotton varieties against sucking pests. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 6: 1232–1233.
  • Tena A., Felix L W., Heimpel G. E., Urbaneja A., Pekas A. 2016. Parasitoid nutritional ecology in a community context: the importance of honeydew and implications for biological control Current Opinion in Insect Science 2016, 14:100–104
  • Ueno T. 1999. Reproduction and host-feeding in the solitary parasitoid wasp Pimpla nipponica (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 35 (3): 231-237
  • Uygun N. , Ulusoy M. R., Satar S. 2010. Biyolojik Mücadele. Türk. Biyo. Müc.Derg., 1, (2010),1-14
  • Vollhardt I.M.G., Bianchi F. J. J. A., Wäckers F. L., Thies C., Tscharntke T. 2010. Spatial distribution of flower vs. honeydew resources in cereal fields may affect aphid parasitism Biological Control 53 (2010) 204–213
  • Wäckers F. L. 2000. Do oligosaccharids reduce the suitability of honeydew for predators and parasitoids? A further facet to the function of insect-synthesized honeydew sugars. Oikos 90, 197–201
  • Wäckers F. L. 2001. A comparison of nectar- and honeydew sugars with respect to their utilization by the hymenopteran parasitoid Cotesia glomerata. Journal of Insect Physiology 47, 1077–1084
  • Wäckers F., van Rijn P.C.J., Heimpel G. 2008. Honeydew as a food source for natural enemies: Making the best of a bad meal? Biological Control 45 (2), 176–184.Wyckhuys K. A. G., Strange-George J. E., Kulhanek C. A., Wäckers F. L., Heimpel G. E. 2008. Sugar feeding by the aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis: How does honeydew compare with other sugar sources. Journal of Insect Physiology, 54: 481-491
  • Yoldaş Z, Güncan A, Koçlu T. 2011. Seasonal occurrence of aphids and their natural enemies in Satsuma mandarin orchards in Izmir, Turkey. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi. 35 (1): 59-74
  • Yumruktepe R., Uygun N. 1994. Determination of aphid species (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their natural enemies in citrus orchards in Eastern Mediterrenean region.Proc. Third Turkish National Congress of Biological Control (Ankara, Turkey), pp. 1–12 (Turkish, with English abstract). 28
  • Zeren O., Düzgüneş Z. 1989 A study on identification, host plants, effect on host plant and natural enemies of aphids, causing damage on vegetables in Çukurova region. Turkish Ministry of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey. Research Ser. No. 59 (Turkish, with English summary).
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mehmet Karacaoğlu

Gül Satar

Nedim Uygun This is me

Serdar Satar

Publication Date March 29, 2019
Submission Date September 21, 2018
Acceptance Date October 26, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 59 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karacaoğlu, M., Satar, G., Uygun, N., Satar, S. (2019). Yaprakbiti parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinin farklı besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin, 59(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.462721
AMA Karacaoğlu M, Satar G, Uygun N, Satar S. Yaprakbiti parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinin farklı besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin. March 2019;59(1):15-24. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.462721
Chicago Karacaoğlu, Mehmet, Gül Satar, Nedim Uygun, and Serdar Satar. “Yaprakbiti Parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus Confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. Fabarum (Marshall) Ve L. Testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Erginlerinin Farklı Besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması”. Plant Protection Bulletin 59, no. 1 (March 2019): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.462721.
EndNote Karacaoğlu M, Satar G, Uygun N, Satar S (March 1, 2019) Yaprakbiti parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinin farklı besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin 59 1 15–24.
IEEE M. Karacaoğlu, G. Satar, N. Uygun, and S. Satar, “Yaprakbiti parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinin farklı besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 15–24, 2019, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.462721.
ISNAD Karacaoğlu, Mehmet et al. “Yaprakbiti Parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus Confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. Fabarum (Marshall) Ve L. Testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Erginlerinin Farklı Besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması”. Plant Protection Bulletin 59/1 (March 2019), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.462721.
JAMA Karacaoğlu M, Satar G, Uygun N, Satar S. Yaprakbiti parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinin farklı besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2019;59:15–24.
MLA Karacaoğlu, Mehmet et al. “Yaprakbiti Parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus Confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. Fabarum (Marshall) Ve L. Testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Erginlerinin Farklı Besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 59, no. 1, 2019, pp. 15-24, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.462721.
Vancouver Karacaoğlu M, Satar G, Uygun N, Satar S. Yaprakbiti parazitoitleri Lysiphlebus confusus Treamlay & Eady, L. fabarum (Marshall) ve L. testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinin farklı besin ortamlarındaki ömür uzunluklarının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2019;59(1):15-24.

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