Research Article
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Orta Gelirli ve OECD Üyesi Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Kirlilik

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 21, 54 - 62, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.55589/bsbd.1106535

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 1992 – 2017 dönemi için orta gelirli ülkelerde ve OECD ülkelerinde doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin karbon emisyonları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, panel verilerdeki potansiyel içsellik, ihmal edilmiş değişken ve eşzamanlılık sapmalarını dikkate alan iki aşamalı bir sistem GMM dinamik panel veri tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Analizlerden elde edilen ampirik sonuçlar, doğrudan yabancı yatırımların orta gelirli ülkelerde karbon emisyonlarını artırdığını göstermekte ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kirlilik cenneti hipotezinin geçerliliğini desteklemektedir. Bununla birlikte, ampirik bulgular, doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gelişmiş ekonomiler üzerinde küçük bir hale etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmamız ayrıca Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin destekler sonuçlar da ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Al-Mulali, U., & Tang, C. F. (2013). Investigating the validity of pollution haven hypothesis in the gulf cooperation council (GCC) countries. Energy Policy, 60, 813-819.
  • Aliyu, A.J., & Ismail, N.W. (2015). Foreign direct investment and pollution haven: Does energy consumption matter in African countries. International Journal of Economics and Management, 9(Special Issue), 21-39.
  • Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Attari, M.I.J., Hussain, M., & Javid, A.Y. (2016). Carbon emissions and industrial growth: An ARDL analysis for Pakistan. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 10(4), 642-658.
  • Baek, J. (2016). A new look at the FDI–income–energy–environment nexus: Dynamic panel data analysis of ASEAN. Energy Policy, 91, 22-27.
  • Baek, J., & Choi, Y. J. (2017). Does foreign direct investment harm the environment in developing countries? Dynamic panel analysis of Latin American countries. Economies, 5(4), 39.
  • Bin, S., & Yue, L. (2012). Impact of foreign direct investment on China’s environment: An empirical study based on industrial panel data. Social Sciences in China, 33(4), 89-107.
  • Birdsall, N., & Wheeler, D. (1993). Trade policy and industrial pollution in Latin America: Where are the pollution havens?. The Journal of Environment & Development, 2(1), 137-149.
  • Blanco, L., Gonzalez, F., & Ruiz, I. (2013). The impact of FDI on CO2 emissions in Latin America. Oxford Development Studies, 41(1), 104-121.
  • Chakraborty, D., & Mukherjee, S. (2013). Do foreign trade and investment lead to higher CO2 emissions? Evidence from cross-country empirical estimates. Review of Market Integration, 5(3), 329-361.
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  • Hassaballa, H. (2013). Environment and foreign direct investment: Policy implications for developing countries. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking, 1(2), 75-106.
  • Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1251-1271.
  • He, J. (2006). Pollution haven hypothesis and environmental impacts of foreign direct investment: The case of industrial emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Chinese provinces. Ecological Economics, 60(1), 228-245.
  • Hoffmann, R., Lee, C.G., Ramasamy, B., & Yeung, M. (2005). FDI and pollution: A granger causality test using panel data. Journal of International Development: The Journal of the Development Studies Association, 17(3), 311-317.
  • Ben Kheder, S., & Zugravu-Soilita, N. (2008). The pollution haven hypothesis: A geographic economy model in a comparative study. FEEM Working Paper No. 73.2008.
  • Mahmood, H., & Chaudhary, A. R. (2013). Impact of FDI on tax revenue in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 7(1), 59-69.
  • Merican, Y., Yusop, Z., Noor, Z.M., & Hook, L.S. (2007). Foreign direct investment and the pollution in five ASEAN nations. International Journal of Economics and Management, 1(2), 245-261.
  • Pethig, R. (1976). Pollution, welfare, and environmental policy in the theory of comparative advantage. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2(3), 160-169.
  • Roodman, D. (2009). How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86-136.
  • Sapkota, P., & Bastola, U. (2017). Foreign direct investment, income, and environmental pollution in developing countries: Panel data analysis of Latin America. Energy Economics, 64, 206-212.
  • Shaari, M.S., Hussain, N.E., Abdullah, H., & Kamil, S. (2014). Relationship among foreign direct investment, economic growth and CO2 emission: A panel data analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(4), 706-715.
  • Shahbaz, M., Nasreen, S., Abbas, F., & Anis, O. (2015). Does foreign direct investment impede environmental quality in high-, middle-, and low-income countries?. Energy Economics, 51, 275-287.
  • Stern, D.I., Common, M.S., & Barbier, E.B. (1996). Economic growth and environmental degradation: The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development. World Development, 24(7), 1151-1160.
  • Waldkirch, A., & Gopinath, M. (2008). Pollution control and foreign direct investment in Mexico: An industry-level analysis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 41(3), 289-313.
  • Zhu, H., Duan, L., Guo, Y., & Yu, K. (2016). The effects of FDI, economic growth and energy consumption on carbon emissions in ASEAN-5: Evidence from panel quantile regression. Economic Modelling, 58, 237-248.

Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Middle Income and OECD Member Countries

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 21, 54 - 62, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.55589/bsbd.1106535

Abstract

This study reexamines the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on carbon emissions in middle-income and OECD countries over the period 1992 – 2017. For that purpose, we employ a two-step system GMM dynamic panel data estimator controlling for endogeneity, omitted variable, and simultaneity in our panels. The empirical results from the analyses show that FDI increases carbon emissions in middle-income countries and provide evidence of the pollution haven hypothesis in developing countries. Our findings suggest that FDI has a small halo effect on advanced economies. Our study also provides evidence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis across different panel samples.

References

  • Al-Mulali, U., & Tang, C. F. (2013). Investigating the validity of pollution haven hypothesis in the gulf cooperation council (GCC) countries. Energy Policy, 60, 813-819.
  • Aliyu, A.J., & Ismail, N.W. (2015). Foreign direct investment and pollution haven: Does energy consumption matter in African countries. International Journal of Economics and Management, 9(Special Issue), 21-39.
  • Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Attari, M.I.J., Hussain, M., & Javid, A.Y. (2016). Carbon emissions and industrial growth: An ARDL analysis for Pakistan. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 10(4), 642-658.
  • Baek, J. (2016). A new look at the FDI–income–energy–environment nexus: Dynamic panel data analysis of ASEAN. Energy Policy, 91, 22-27.
  • Baek, J., & Choi, Y. J. (2017). Does foreign direct investment harm the environment in developing countries? Dynamic panel analysis of Latin American countries. Economies, 5(4), 39.
  • Bin, S., & Yue, L. (2012). Impact of foreign direct investment on China’s environment: An empirical study based on industrial panel data. Social Sciences in China, 33(4), 89-107.
  • Birdsall, N., & Wheeler, D. (1993). Trade policy and industrial pollution in Latin America: Where are the pollution havens?. The Journal of Environment & Development, 2(1), 137-149.
  • Blanco, L., Gonzalez, F., & Ruiz, I. (2013). The impact of FDI on CO2 emissions in Latin America. Oxford Development Studies, 41(1), 104-121.
  • Chakraborty, D., & Mukherjee, S. (2013). Do foreign trade and investment lead to higher CO2 emissions? Evidence from cross-country empirical estimates. Review of Market Integration, 5(3), 329-361.
  • Chandran, V. G. R., & Tang, C. F. (2013). The impacts of transport energy consumption, foreign direct investment and income on CO2 emissions in ASEAN-5 economies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 445-453.
  • Cole, M. A., Rayner, A. J., & Bates, J. M. (1997). The environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical analysis. Environment and Development Economics, 2(4), 401-416.
  • Copeland, B.R., & Taylor, M.S. (1994). North-South trade and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(3), 755-787.
  • Eskeland, G.S., & Harrison, A.E. (2003). Moving to greener pastures? Multinationals and the pollution haven hypothesis. Journal of Development Economics, 70(1), 1-23.
  • Hassaballa, H. (2013). Environment and foreign direct investment: Policy implications for developing countries. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking, 1(2), 75-106.
  • Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1251-1271.
  • He, J. (2006). Pollution haven hypothesis and environmental impacts of foreign direct investment: The case of industrial emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Chinese provinces. Ecological Economics, 60(1), 228-245.
  • Hoffmann, R., Lee, C.G., Ramasamy, B., & Yeung, M. (2005). FDI and pollution: A granger causality test using panel data. Journal of International Development: The Journal of the Development Studies Association, 17(3), 311-317.
  • Ben Kheder, S., & Zugravu-Soilita, N. (2008). The pollution haven hypothesis: A geographic economy model in a comparative study. FEEM Working Paper No. 73.2008.
  • Mahmood, H., & Chaudhary, A. R. (2013). Impact of FDI on tax revenue in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 7(1), 59-69.
  • Merican, Y., Yusop, Z., Noor, Z.M., & Hook, L.S. (2007). Foreign direct investment and the pollution in five ASEAN nations. International Journal of Economics and Management, 1(2), 245-261.
  • Pethig, R. (1976). Pollution, welfare, and environmental policy in the theory of comparative advantage. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2(3), 160-169.
  • Roodman, D. (2009). How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86-136.
  • Sapkota, P., & Bastola, U. (2017). Foreign direct investment, income, and environmental pollution in developing countries: Panel data analysis of Latin America. Energy Economics, 64, 206-212.
  • Shaari, M.S., Hussain, N.E., Abdullah, H., & Kamil, S. (2014). Relationship among foreign direct investment, economic growth and CO2 emission: A panel data analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(4), 706-715.
  • Shahbaz, M., Nasreen, S., Abbas, F., & Anis, O. (2015). Does foreign direct investment impede environmental quality in high-, middle-, and low-income countries?. Energy Economics, 51, 275-287.
  • Stern, D.I., Common, M.S., & Barbier, E.B. (1996). Economic growth and environmental degradation: The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development. World Development, 24(7), 1151-1160.
  • Waldkirch, A., & Gopinath, M. (2008). Pollution control and foreign direct investment in Mexico: An industry-level analysis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 41(3), 289-313.
  • Zhu, H., Duan, L., Guo, Y., & Yu, K. (2016). The effects of FDI, economic growth and energy consumption on carbon emissions in ASEAN-5: Evidence from panel quantile regression. Economic Modelling, 58, 237-248.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muhammed Benli 0000-0001-6486-8739

Yasin Acar 0000-0002-0847-1902

Publication Date July 1, 2022
Acceptance Date April 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 21

Cite

APA Benli, M., & Acar, Y. (2022). Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Middle Income and OECD Member Countries. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(21), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.55589/bsbd.1106535