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Finansal Kapsayıcılık, Hane Halkı Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Bağlantının İncelenmesi: 3SLS Yaklaşımı

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 29.03.2024

İbrahim Ekmen Yalçın Karatepe

https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1433921

Abstract

Finans ve ekonomi ilişkisi kalkınma literatüründe uzun zamandan beri tartışma konusu olmuştur. Kimi araştırmacılar finansın basitçe ekonomik gelişmeyi takip ettiğini ifade ederken, kimileri finansın ekonomik büyümenin en önemli belirleyicilerinden birisi olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Yapılan araştırmaların sonuçları, ülkeden ülkeye, araştırma dönemine, kullanılan verilerin içeriğine ve araştırma yönteme göre farklılık göstermektedir. Öte yandan, ekonomik büyüme ve finansal kapsayıcılık ilişkisi literatürde çok uzak geçmişe sahip olmayan bir inceleme alanıdır. Finansal kapsayıcılık konusunun önceliği, yetişkin her bireyin finansal kuruluşlara ve finansal ürünlere erişebilmesi ve bunları uygun bir maliyetle kullanabilmesidir. Bu çerçevede, finansal ürünlere erişim finansal vatandaşlık kavramı çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, dijital bankacılık ve finansal kapsayıcılığın ekonomik büyüme ve hane halkı tüketimi üzerindeki etkisini Türkiye örneği açısından incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla öncelikle dijital bankacılık ve finansal kapsayıcılık endeksleri oluşturulmuş ve bu endeksler ile GSYİH Endeksi ve Yerleşik Hane Halkı Tüketim Endeksi arasındaki ilişki üç aşamalı en küçük kareler (3SLS) yöntemi ve iki farklı denklem seti ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, dijital bankacılığın ve finansal kapsayıcılığın, ekonomik büyüme ve hane halkı tüketimi üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Finansal Kapsayıcılık Endeksi Dijital Bankacılık Endeksi Ekonomik Büyüme Dijital Finansal Kapsayıcılık 3SLS Hane Halkı Tüketimi Sabit Sermaye Harcaması

References

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Examining the Nexus of Financial Inclusion, Household Consumption, and Economic Growth: A 3SLS Approach

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 29.03.2024

İbrahim Ekmen Yalçın Karatepe

https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1433921

Abstract

The relationship between finance and economy is a long-standing debate in the development literature. While some researchers argue that finance simply follows economic development, others argue that finance is a critical determinant of economic growth. Research findings on this issue vary across countries, periods, data sets, and research methodologies. On the other hand, the relationship between economic growth and financial inclusion is a relatively new area of study in the academic literature. The primary goal of financial inclusion is to ensure that everyone can access and use financial products at an affordable cost. In this context, access to and use of financial products is seen in the context of financial citizenship. This paper examines the impact of digital banking and financial inclusion on economic growth and household consumption in Turkey. For this purpose, financial inclusion and digital banking indices have been constructed. Furthermore, the relationship of these indices with the GDP index and household consumption index is examined using the three-stage least square (3SLS) method with two separate equations. The results show that digital banking and financial inclusion have a positive impact on economic growth and household consumption in Turkey.

Keywords

Financial Inclusion Index Digital Banking Index Economic Growth Digital Financial Inclusion 3SLS Household Consumption Capital Expenditure

References

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  • AFI. (2013a). Measuring financial inclusion core set of financial inclusion indicators [Dataset]. Retrieved from https://www.afi-global.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/afi%20fidwg%20report.pdf
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  • Allen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L. and Peria, M.S.M. (2016). The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27, 1- 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2015.12.003
  • Amidzic, G., Massara, M.A. and Mialou, A. (2014). Assessing countries’ financial inclusion standing - A new composite index (International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 14/36). Retrieved from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/001-overview.xml
  • Andrianaivo, M. and Kpodar, K. (2011). ICT, financial inclusion, and growth: Evidence from African countries. Retrieved from https://www.afdb.org/pt/documents/document/aec-2010-ict-financial-inclusion-and-growth-evidence-from-african-countries-21771
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  • Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Peria, M.S.M. (2007). Reaching out: Access to and use of banking services across countries. Journal of Financial Economics, 85(1), 234-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.07.002
  • Bekçioğlu, S., Kaderli, Y. and Varlık, B. (2018). BİST 100 endeksinin spektral analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 78, 87-110. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.412530
  • Bozkurt, I. and Karakus, R. (2020). Finansal içerme-ekonomik gelişmişlik ilişkisi: Dünya geneli için ampirik bir inceleme. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 55(3), 1504-1523. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.20.06.1357
  • Cámara, N. and Tuesta, D. (2014). Measuring financial inclusion: A muldimensional index (BBVA Working Paper No. 14/26). Retrieved from https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/WP14-26_Financial-Inclusion.pdf
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  • Choong, C.K., and Chan, S.G. (2011). Financial development and economic growth: A review. African Journal of Business Management, 5(6), 2017-2027. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.772
  • Çonkar, M.K., and Vergili, G. (2017). Kredi temerrüt swapları ile döviz kurları arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(4), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.38057/bifd.1213894
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Klapper, L. (2013). Measuring financial inclusion: Explaining variation in use of financial services across and within countries. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2013(1), 279-340. https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.2013.0002
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D. and Ansar, S. (2021). The global findex database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L.F., Singer, D. and Van Oudheusden, P. (2015). The global findex database 2014: Measuring financial inclusion around the world (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7255). Retrieved from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/187761468179367706/pdf/%20WPS7255.pdf
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  • Devi, S.K.D. (2015). Promoting financial inclusion in rural areas through co-operative banks: With special reference to DCCB, Paderu agency. International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics and Management, 5(1), 85-88. Retrieved from https://ijrcms.com/
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  • Ekmen, İ. (2023b). Internet banking index as a measure of digital financial inclusion in banking. Journal of Human Sciences, 20(1), 1-15. Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com
  • Enders, W. (2004). Applied econometric time series (2. ed.). New York: University of Alabama.
  • European Comission. (2008). Financial services provision and the prevention of financial exclusion report. Retrieved from https://www.bristol.ac.uk
  • Goldsmith, R.W. (1969). Financial structure and development. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Görmüş, Ş. and Hotunluoğlu, H. (2011). Demokrasinin Türkiye’nin ihracat ve ithalatı üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 99-111. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/trendbusecon
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004). Applied econometrics. Singapore: Mc. Graw-Hill International Editions.
  • Gurley, J.G. and Shaw, E.S. (1955). Financial aspects of economic development. The American Economic Review, 45(4), 515-538. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org
  • Hicks, J.R. (1969). A theory of economic history. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sustainable Development
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

İbrahim Ekmen 0009-0003-8972-5138

Yalçın Karatepe This is me 0009-0007-9393-4935

Publication Date March 29, 2024
Submission Date February 13, 2024
Acceptance Date March 25, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ekmen, İ., & Karatepe, Y. (2024). Examining the Nexus of Financial Inclusion, Household Consumption, and Economic Growth: A 3SLS Approach. Ekonomi Politika Ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1433921
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