Effıciency Of Fungicide Programs At Management of a Seed Born Disease Gummy Stem Blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm (Syn. Mycosphaerella melonis (Pass.) Chiu & J. C. Walker)] on Watermelon
Abstract
In recent years, the usage of grafted seedling keeps an important place in vegetable production. In Turkey, there is no effective management way or registrated fungicide against to gummy stem blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae, cause to serious economical loses at the production of grafted watermelon seedling. In this study, the effects of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 µg / ml doses of 5 different fungicides on mycelial growth of 4 D. bryoniae isolates were determined under in vitro conditions. Afterward, 2 different seed trials were established in which the artificially inoculated watermelon seeds sown into sterile peat and disease-free watermelon seeds were sown in the artificially inoculated peat with the disease agent, and 3 different active ingredients were applied under greenhouse conditions and their effectiveness was determined. At the last stage of the study, 2 different spraying programs were prepared by combining some plant activators with fungicides which are found effective under in vitro conditions and applied to watermelon seedlings in pots under greenhouse conditions. In in vitro experiment, pyraclostrobin (12.8%) + boscalid (25.2%) with ED50 value of <0.3 µg / ml and MIC value of 9 µg / ml gave the best result. In the seed trial azoxystrobin (6.64%) + metalaxyl-m (3.32%) + fludioxonil (1.11%) provided the best protection against the disease. And in the seedling trial established in pots under greenhouse conditions; 2 different spraying programs tried were found to be highly effective and approximately the same. As a result, it was seen that D. bryoniae can be controlled with effective seed and seedling applications.
Keywords
Watermelon grafted seedling Didymella bryoniae gummy stem blight seed plant defence activator
References
- Abak, K., Düzyaman, E., Şeniz, V., Gülen, H., Peşken, A. ve Kaymak, H.Ç. 2009. Sebze üretimini geliştirme yöntem ve hedefleri. (http://www.zmo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/c05147f3029c97c_ek.pdf) (Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 2020).
- Arny, C.J. and Rowe, R.C. 1991. Effects of Temperature and Duration of Surface Wetness on Spore Production and Infection of Cucumbers by Didymella bryoniae. Phytopathology 81: 206-209.
- FAO, 2020. Watermelons Production. (www.fao.org), (Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 2020).
- Gusmini, G., 2003. Breeding Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) for Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight (Didymella bryoniae), in Horticultural Science., North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC. 78.
- Gusmini, G., Wehner, T.C. and Holmes, G.J. 2002. Disease Assessment Scales for Seedling Screening and Detached Leaf Assay for Gummy Stem Blight in Watermelon. Rep. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. 25:36–40.
- Hopkins, D.L. 2002. Control of Gummy Stem Blight of Watermelon with Plant Defence Activators Combined with Fungicides. Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 115:183-186.
- Hopkins, D.L., Thompson, C.M., Hilgren, J. and Lovic, B. 2003. Wet Seed Treatment with Peroxyacetic Acid for the Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch and Other Seedborne Diseases of Watermelon. Plant Disease, 87, 1495-1499.
- ISTA [International Seed Testing Association], 1996. International rules for seed testing, 1996. Seed science and technology 21 (Suppl.):1B288.
- Karipçin, M.Z. 2009. Yerli ve Yabani Karpuz Genotiplerinde Kuraklığa Toleransın Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi. Adana, 259 s.
- Keinath, A.P. 2002. Survival of Didymella bryoniae in Buried Watermelon Vines in South Carolina. Plant Disease, 86, 32-38.
- Keinath, A.P. 2010. Susceptibility of Cucurbit Species to Gummy Stem Blight and Their Suitability for Reproduction by Didymella bryoniae. Cucurbitaceae 2010 Proc. p. 2–5.
- Keinath, A.P., Holmes, G.J., Everts, K.L., Egel, D.S. and Langston Jr., D.B. 2007. Evaluation of Combinations of Chlorothalonil with Azoxystrobin, Harpin, and Disease Forcasting for Control of Downy Mildew and Gummy Stem Blight of Melon. Crop Protection (26), 83-86.
- Keinath, A.P., Farnham, M.W. and Zitter, T.A. 1995. Morphological, Pathological and Genetic Differentiation of Didymella bryoniae and Phoma spp. Isolated from Cucurbits. Phytopathology 85, 364-369.
- Kucharek, T. and Schenck, N. 1999. Gummy Stem Blight of Cucurbits. PP-27. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
- Lee, D.H., Mathur, S.B. and Neergaard, P. 1984. Detection and Location of Seedborne Inoculum of Didymella bryoniae and Its Transmission in Seedlings of Cucumber and Pumpkin. Phytopathology 109:301–308.
- Li, Y., Wang, S., Tan, R., Huang, M., Yu, Y., Yang, Y.and Bi, C. 2016. Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Gummy Stem Blight Caused by Didymella bryoniae. Agrochemicals, 55 (6): 460–462.
- Seebold, K. W. and Langston, D. B. 2005. Evaluation of Fungicide Programs for Control of Gummy Stem Blight in Watermelon, 2004. Fungici. Nematic. Tests (online). Report 60:V128. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
- Seebold, K., and Langston, D. B., Jr. 2004. Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Gummy Stem Blight of Watermelon. Fungic. Nematicide Tests. 59:140.
- TUİK, 2020. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (www.tuik.gov.tr), (Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 2020).
- Ulaş, F. ve Yetişir, H. 2016. Sebzelerde Aşılama: Tarihçesi, Kullanımı, Dünyadaki ve Türkiye´deki Gelişimi, Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi.
- Van Steekelenburg, N.A.M. 1983. Epidemiological Aspects of Didymella bryoniae, The Cause of Stem and Fruit Rot of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 89:75–86.
- Vawdrey, L.L. 1994. Evaluation of Fungicides and Cultivars for Control of Gummy Stem Blight of Rockmelon Caused by Didymella bryoniae. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34(8) 1191 – 1195.
- Zitter, T.A., Hopkins, D.L. and Thomas, C.E. 1996. Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases, p. 1-87. APS Press, St. Paul, MN.
Karpuzda Tohum Kaynaklı Zamklı Gövde Çürüklüğü [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm (Syn. Mycosphaerella melonis (Pass.) Chiu & J. C. Walker)] Hastalığının Savaşımında İlaçlama Programlarının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Günümüzde sebze üretiminde aşılı fide kullanımı önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Ülkemizde son yıllarda aşılı karpuz fidesi üretiminde ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Zamklı Gövde Çürüklüğü Hastalığı etmeni Didymella bryoniae’ye karşı ülkemizde etkili bir mücadele yöntemi ve ruhsatlı bir preparat kullanılmamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, in vitro koşullarda 5 farklı fungisitin 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 µg/ml dozları, 4 D. bryoniae izolatının miselyal gelişimine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra etmenin yapay olarak inokule edildiği bulaşık karpuz tohumlarının steril torfa, yine hastalık etmeninin yapay olarak bulaştırıldığı torfa da hastalıktan ari karpuz tohumlarının ekildiği 2 farklı tohum denemesi kurulmuş ve sera koşullarında 3 farklı preparat tohum ilaçlaması olarak uygulanarak etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın son aşamasında da in vitro’da etkili bulunan fungisitlerle bazı bitki aktivatörleri kombine edilerek 2 ayrı ilaçlama programı hazırlanmış ve sera koşullarında saksıda karpuz fidelerine uygulanmıştır. In vitro koşullarda kurulan denemede, en iyi sonucu <0,3 µg/ml ED50 değeri ve 9 µg/ml MIC değeri ile pyraclostrobin (%12,8)+boscalid (%25,2) etkili maddeli preparat vermiştir. Sera koşullarında kurulan tohum denemesinde ise hastalığa karşı en iyi korumayı azoxystrobin (%6,64) + metalaxyl-m (%3,32) + fludioxonil (% 1,11) etkili maddeli preparat sağlamıştır. Yine sera koşullarında saksılarda kurulan fide denemesinde ise; denenen 2 ayrı ilaçlama programı da yüksek ve yaklaşık olarak aynı oranda etkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak D. bryoniae etmeninin etkili tohum ve fide uygulamalarıyla kontrol altına alınabileceği görülmüştür.
References
- Abak, K., Düzyaman, E., Şeniz, V., Gülen, H., Peşken, A. ve Kaymak, H.Ç. 2009. Sebze üretimini geliştirme yöntem ve hedefleri. (http://www.zmo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/c05147f3029c97c_ek.pdf) (Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 2020).
- Arny, C.J. and Rowe, R.C. 1991. Effects of Temperature and Duration of Surface Wetness on Spore Production and Infection of Cucumbers by Didymella bryoniae. Phytopathology 81: 206-209.
- FAO, 2020. Watermelons Production. (www.fao.org), (Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 2020).
- Gusmini, G., 2003. Breeding Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) for Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight (Didymella bryoniae), in Horticultural Science., North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC. 78.
- Gusmini, G., Wehner, T.C. and Holmes, G.J. 2002. Disease Assessment Scales for Seedling Screening and Detached Leaf Assay for Gummy Stem Blight in Watermelon. Rep. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. 25:36–40.
- Hopkins, D.L. 2002. Control of Gummy Stem Blight of Watermelon with Plant Defence Activators Combined with Fungicides. Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 115:183-186.
- Hopkins, D.L., Thompson, C.M., Hilgren, J. and Lovic, B. 2003. Wet Seed Treatment with Peroxyacetic Acid for the Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch and Other Seedborne Diseases of Watermelon. Plant Disease, 87, 1495-1499.
- ISTA [International Seed Testing Association], 1996. International rules for seed testing, 1996. Seed science and technology 21 (Suppl.):1B288.
- Karipçin, M.Z. 2009. Yerli ve Yabani Karpuz Genotiplerinde Kuraklığa Toleransın Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi. Adana, 259 s.
- Keinath, A.P. 2002. Survival of Didymella bryoniae in Buried Watermelon Vines in South Carolina. Plant Disease, 86, 32-38.
- Keinath, A.P. 2010. Susceptibility of Cucurbit Species to Gummy Stem Blight and Their Suitability for Reproduction by Didymella bryoniae. Cucurbitaceae 2010 Proc. p. 2–5.
- Keinath, A.P., Holmes, G.J., Everts, K.L., Egel, D.S. and Langston Jr., D.B. 2007. Evaluation of Combinations of Chlorothalonil with Azoxystrobin, Harpin, and Disease Forcasting for Control of Downy Mildew and Gummy Stem Blight of Melon. Crop Protection (26), 83-86.
- Keinath, A.P., Farnham, M.W. and Zitter, T.A. 1995. Morphological, Pathological and Genetic Differentiation of Didymella bryoniae and Phoma spp. Isolated from Cucurbits. Phytopathology 85, 364-369.
- Kucharek, T. and Schenck, N. 1999. Gummy Stem Blight of Cucurbits. PP-27. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
- Lee, D.H., Mathur, S.B. and Neergaard, P. 1984. Detection and Location of Seedborne Inoculum of Didymella bryoniae and Its Transmission in Seedlings of Cucumber and Pumpkin. Phytopathology 109:301–308.
- Li, Y., Wang, S., Tan, R., Huang, M., Yu, Y., Yang, Y.and Bi, C. 2016. Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Gummy Stem Blight Caused by Didymella bryoniae. Agrochemicals, 55 (6): 460–462.
- Seebold, K. W. and Langston, D. B. 2005. Evaluation of Fungicide Programs for Control of Gummy Stem Blight in Watermelon, 2004. Fungici. Nematic. Tests (online). Report 60:V128. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
- Seebold, K., and Langston, D. B., Jr. 2004. Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Gummy Stem Blight of Watermelon. Fungic. Nematicide Tests. 59:140.
- TUİK, 2020. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (www.tuik.gov.tr), (Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 2020).
- Ulaş, F. ve Yetişir, H. 2016. Sebzelerde Aşılama: Tarihçesi, Kullanımı, Dünyadaki ve Türkiye´deki Gelişimi, Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi.
- Van Steekelenburg, N.A.M. 1983. Epidemiological Aspects of Didymella bryoniae, The Cause of Stem and Fruit Rot of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 89:75–86.
- Vawdrey, L.L. 1994. Evaluation of Fungicides and Cultivars for Control of Gummy Stem Blight of Rockmelon Caused by Didymella bryoniae. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34(8) 1191 – 1195.
- Zitter, T.A., Hopkins, D.L. and Thomas, C.E. 1996. Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases, p. 1-87. APS Press, St. Paul, MN.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 22, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 |
