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The Effect Of Perceived Stress of Health Care Professionals on Servant Leadership Behaviors In The Covid-19 Period: NMRT Example

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 58 - 77, 24.03.2023

Abstract

Aim: The research aims to determine the effect of servant leadership behaviors on the perceived stress levels of healthcare professionals during the COVID 19 pandemic.
Methods: The population of the study is 1107 health employees (NMRT - National Medical Rescue Team) in Ankara region. The sample consists of 215 people. Pearson correlation analysis was applied in the study. Simple linear regression test was implemented for the relation level of the sub-dimensions. In the correlation analysis, a medium strong positive correlation was determined between the dependent and independent variables.
Results: It is seen that servant leadership behaviors and perceived stress levels of employees are be positively affected. It has been revealed that with the servant leadership behaviors shown during the pandemic process, the stress levels of the employees decreased, the service quality increased and the motivation was provided in a positive way.
Conclusion: It can be stated that there is a moderate positive correlation between the dimensions of strengthening, courage, trust, and realism. The model established for the correlation between the stress/discomfort perception dimension and the inadequate self-efficacy perception dimension, and the servant leadership dimensions was determined as significant. Also the servant leadership behaviors exhibited by the ministry managers during the COVID 19 process are thought to make the level of stress perceived by the employees feel low. It can be said that the NMRT employees' servant leadership behaviors, especially in the COVID 19 process, positively affected the people in the working environment and with whom they contacted.

References

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  • Akgün, T. & Karaca Sivrikaya S. (2021). Covıd-19 Pandemisinin Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Çalışanı Üzerine Etkisi. Journal of Pre-Hospital (Hastane Öncesi Dergisi). August 2021, 6(2):263-271.
  • Alnazly, E., Khraisat, O. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M. & Byrant, C. L. (2021). Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Fear and Social Support During COVID-19 Pandemic among Jordanian Healthcare Workers, Plos One, 16 (3): e0247679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247679.
  • ASHGM, Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Daire Başkanlığı https://ashgmafetacildb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-80255/ulusal-medikal-kurtarma-ekibi-birimi-umke.html Erişim tarihi: 17.05.2022
  • Bohlken, J., Schömig, F., Lemke, M. R., Pumberger, M. & Riedel-Heller S. G. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare Workers. Psychiatrische Praxis; 47(4):190–197.
  • Chua, S. E., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., McAlonan, G. M., Wong, J. W., Cheung, E. P., ... & Tsang, K. W. (2004). Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 391-393.
  • Çınar, E. (2019). Afet Yönetimi ve Tıbbi Uygulamalar. İstanbul: Ema Tıp Kitabevi Yayıncılık, p:165-167.
  • Dierendonck, V. D. & Nuijten, I. (2011). The servant leadership survey: development and validation of a multidimensional measure. J. Bus Psychol. 26: 249-267.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkiran, F. & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal. 51.132-140.
  • Fındıkçı, İ. (2013). Bir Gönül Yolculuğu Hizmetkâr Liderlik, İstanbul: Alfa yayıncılık.
  • Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H. & Dai, J., (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One;15(4):e0231924. Published. Apr 16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924.
  • Graham, H. (1999). Stresi Kendi Yrarınıza Kullanın.Çeviren: Sağlam, M., Tezcan, T., İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Güçlü, N. (2001). Stres Yönetimi, G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 21(1): 91-109.
  • Hunter, J. C. (2004). The World's Most Powerfull Leadership Principle: How to Become a Servant Leader, WaterBrook Press, USA, p: 90-110.
  • Huynh, G., Nguyen, T. N., Tran, V. K., Vo, K. N., Vo, V. T. & Pham L. A. (2020) Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers at District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Asian Pac J Trop Med; 13(1): 260-265.
  • Javadi-Pashaki, N. & Darvishpour, A. (2019) Survey of stress and coping strategies to predict the general health of nursing staff. J Educ Health Promo; 8: 74
  • Kannampallil, T. G., Goss, C. W., Evanoff, B. A., Strickland, J. R., McAlister, R. P. & Duncan, J. (2020). “Exposure to COVID-19 Patients Increases Physician Trainee Stress and Burnout,” PlosOne, 15 (8): e0237301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237301.
  • Kaya, B. (2020). “Pandeminin ruh sağlığına etkileri” Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 23:123-124 doi:10.5505/kpd.2020.64325.
  • Kent, W., Hochard, K. D. & Hulbert-Williams, N. J. (2019) Perceived stress and professional quality of life in nursing staff: how important is psychological flexibility? J Contextual Behav Sci.; 14: 11–9.
  • Kılıç, C. K. & Aydın, Y. (2016). Hizmetkâr Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 18 (30): 106 - 113. 2016 ISSN: 2147 - 7833.
  • Kıroğlu, F. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi Ortamında Çalışma Koşulları ve Genel Sorunlar. Meyad Akademi Dergisi. 1(1): 9-90.
  • Kong, X., Zheng, K. Tang, M., Kong, F., Zhou, J., Diao, L., Shouxin, W., Piqi, J., Tong, S. & Yuchao D. (2020). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.20043075.
  • Lai, J., Ma S. & Wang, Y. (2019). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e203976.
  • Lau, J.T.F., Yang, X., Pang, E., Tsui, H.Y., Wong, E. & Wing, Y.K. (2005). SARS Related Perceptions in Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 11: 417-424.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Psychological Stress İn The Workplace, Journal Of Social Behavior And Personality. 6: 1-13.
  • Lenzo, V., Quattropani, M.C., Sardella, A., Martino, G. & Bonanno G.A. (2021). “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak and Relationships with Expressive Flexibility and Context Sensitivity,” Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 623033. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623033.
  • Leong, A.F. & Cary, L.C. (1996). The Moderating Effect of Organizational Commitment on the Occupational Stress Outcome Relationship. Human Relations. 49: 10.
  • Limcaoco, R.S., Mateos, E.M., Fernandez, J. M. & Roncero, C. (2020). Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. March 2020. Preliminary Results Med Rxiv.
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E. & Katsaounou P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 88:901-7.
  • Patterson, K. (2003). Servant leadersip: A theorotical model, Dissertation Abstracts International, 64(2), 570.
  • Quick, J. C., & Quick, J. D. (1984). Organizational stress and preventive management. New York: mcgraw-hill.
  • Selye, H. (1974). Stress Wiıhout Disstress, New York: J.B. Uppencott Com. 26: 39
  • Spears, C. L. (2004). Leader to Leader; Practicing Servant Leadership Abi/Inform Complete, 34: 7-11.
  • Sünter, A. T., Canbaz, S., Dabak, Ş., Öz, H., & Pekşen, Y. (2006). Pratisyen hekimlerde tükenmişlik, işe bağlı gerginlik ve iş doyumu düzeyleri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 16(1), 9-14. T.R. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Emergency Health Services, Head of Disaster and Emergency Management Department NMRT Unit (2020).
  • Tavsancıl, E. (2005). Measuring attitudes and data analysis with spss. Ankara: Nobel Publications.
  • Taylor, M. R.. Kingsley, E.A.. Garry, J. S. & Raphael, B. (2008). Factors Influencing Psychological Distress During A Disease Epidemic: Data From Australia’s First Outbreak of Equine İnfluenza. BMC Public Health. 8: 1-13.
  • Yamane, T. (2001). Temel Örnekleme Yöntemleri, (Çev: Alptekin Esin, M.Arif Bakır, Celal Aydın, Esen Gürbüzsel), İstanbul, Literatür Yayınları.
  • Yıldız, F. (2014). 19. Yüzyılda Anadolu’da Salgın Hastalıklar (Veba. Kolera. Çiçek. Sıtma) ve Salgın Hastalıklarla Mücadele Yöntemleri. Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi yayınları.
  • Yılmaz, C. (2013). Hizmetkâr liderlik ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki. Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.. T. C. Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gebze, Turkey.
  • Yiğit, İ. & Gümüşçü, O. (2016). Manisa ve çevresinde salgın hastalıkların iskana etkisi (XVI-XX. yy). TÜCAUM Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu. 13-14 Ekim, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., ... & Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 89(4), 242-250. doi:10.1159/000507639.
  • Zhu, H., Wei, L. & Niu, P. (2020). The Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Wuhan. China. Global Health Research and Policy. 5(6): 1-3.
Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 58 - 77, 24.03.2023

Abstract

References

  • Akalın, B. & Modanlıoğlu, A. (2021). Covid-19 Sürecinde Yoğun Bakımda Çalışan Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Duygu-Durum ve Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12 (2): 346-352. Akgemci, T., Kalfaoğlu, S. & Erkunt, N. (2019). Hizmetkâr Liderlik Davranışlarının Çalışan Sesliliğine Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 9(2), 757-771.
  • Akgün, T. & Karaca Sivrikaya S. (2021). Covıd-19 Pandemisinin Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Çalışanı Üzerine Etkisi. Journal of Pre-Hospital (Hastane Öncesi Dergisi). August 2021, 6(2):263-271.
  • Alnazly, E., Khraisat, O. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M. & Byrant, C. L. (2021). Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Fear and Social Support During COVID-19 Pandemic among Jordanian Healthcare Workers, Plos One, 16 (3): e0247679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247679.
  • ASHGM, Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Daire Başkanlığı https://ashgmafetacildb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-80255/ulusal-medikal-kurtarma-ekibi-birimi-umke.html Erişim tarihi: 17.05.2022
  • Bohlken, J., Schömig, F., Lemke, M. R., Pumberger, M. & Riedel-Heller S. G. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare Workers. Psychiatrische Praxis; 47(4):190–197.
  • Chua, S. E., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., McAlonan, G. M., Wong, J. W., Cheung, E. P., ... & Tsang, K. W. (2004). Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 391-393.
  • Çınar, E. (2019). Afet Yönetimi ve Tıbbi Uygulamalar. İstanbul: Ema Tıp Kitabevi Yayıncılık, p:165-167.
  • Dierendonck, V. D. & Nuijten, I. (2011). The servant leadership survey: development and validation of a multidimensional measure. J. Bus Psychol. 26: 249-267.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkiran, F. & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal. 51.132-140.
  • Fındıkçı, İ. (2013). Bir Gönül Yolculuğu Hizmetkâr Liderlik, İstanbul: Alfa yayıncılık.
  • Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H. & Dai, J., (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One;15(4):e0231924. Published. Apr 16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924.
  • Graham, H. (1999). Stresi Kendi Yrarınıza Kullanın.Çeviren: Sağlam, M., Tezcan, T., İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Güçlü, N. (2001). Stres Yönetimi, G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 21(1): 91-109.
  • Hunter, J. C. (2004). The World's Most Powerfull Leadership Principle: How to Become a Servant Leader, WaterBrook Press, USA, p: 90-110.
  • Huynh, G., Nguyen, T. N., Tran, V. K., Vo, K. N., Vo, V. T. & Pham L. A. (2020) Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers at District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Asian Pac J Trop Med; 13(1): 260-265.
  • Javadi-Pashaki, N. & Darvishpour, A. (2019) Survey of stress and coping strategies to predict the general health of nursing staff. J Educ Health Promo; 8: 74
  • Kannampallil, T. G., Goss, C. W., Evanoff, B. A., Strickland, J. R., McAlister, R. P. & Duncan, J. (2020). “Exposure to COVID-19 Patients Increases Physician Trainee Stress and Burnout,” PlosOne, 15 (8): e0237301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237301.
  • Kaya, B. (2020). “Pandeminin ruh sağlığına etkileri” Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 23:123-124 doi:10.5505/kpd.2020.64325.
  • Kent, W., Hochard, K. D. & Hulbert-Williams, N. J. (2019) Perceived stress and professional quality of life in nursing staff: how important is psychological flexibility? J Contextual Behav Sci.; 14: 11–9.
  • Kılıç, C. K. & Aydın, Y. (2016). Hizmetkâr Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 18 (30): 106 - 113. 2016 ISSN: 2147 - 7833.
  • Kıroğlu, F. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi Ortamında Çalışma Koşulları ve Genel Sorunlar. Meyad Akademi Dergisi. 1(1): 9-90.
  • Kong, X., Zheng, K. Tang, M., Kong, F., Zhou, J., Diao, L., Shouxin, W., Piqi, J., Tong, S. & Yuchao D. (2020). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.20043075.
  • Lai, J., Ma S. & Wang, Y. (2019). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e203976.
  • Lau, J.T.F., Yang, X., Pang, E., Tsui, H.Y., Wong, E. & Wing, Y.K. (2005). SARS Related Perceptions in Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 11: 417-424.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Psychological Stress İn The Workplace, Journal Of Social Behavior And Personality. 6: 1-13.
  • Lenzo, V., Quattropani, M.C., Sardella, A., Martino, G. & Bonanno G.A. (2021). “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak and Relationships with Expressive Flexibility and Context Sensitivity,” Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 623033. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623033.
  • Leong, A.F. & Cary, L.C. (1996). The Moderating Effect of Organizational Commitment on the Occupational Stress Outcome Relationship. Human Relations. 49: 10.
  • Limcaoco, R.S., Mateos, E.M., Fernandez, J. M. & Roncero, C. (2020). Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. March 2020. Preliminary Results Med Rxiv.
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E. & Katsaounou P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 88:901-7.
  • Patterson, K. (2003). Servant leadersip: A theorotical model, Dissertation Abstracts International, 64(2), 570.
  • Quick, J. C., & Quick, J. D. (1984). Organizational stress and preventive management. New York: mcgraw-hill.
  • Selye, H. (1974). Stress Wiıhout Disstress, New York: J.B. Uppencott Com. 26: 39
  • Spears, C. L. (2004). Leader to Leader; Practicing Servant Leadership Abi/Inform Complete, 34: 7-11.
  • Sünter, A. T., Canbaz, S., Dabak, Ş., Öz, H., & Pekşen, Y. (2006). Pratisyen hekimlerde tükenmişlik, işe bağlı gerginlik ve iş doyumu düzeyleri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 16(1), 9-14. T.R. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Emergency Health Services, Head of Disaster and Emergency Management Department NMRT Unit (2020).
  • Tavsancıl, E. (2005). Measuring attitudes and data analysis with spss. Ankara: Nobel Publications.
  • Taylor, M. R.. Kingsley, E.A.. Garry, J. S. & Raphael, B. (2008). Factors Influencing Psychological Distress During A Disease Epidemic: Data From Australia’s First Outbreak of Equine İnfluenza. BMC Public Health. 8: 1-13.
  • Yamane, T. (2001). Temel Örnekleme Yöntemleri, (Çev: Alptekin Esin, M.Arif Bakır, Celal Aydın, Esen Gürbüzsel), İstanbul, Literatür Yayınları.
  • Yıldız, F. (2014). 19. Yüzyılda Anadolu’da Salgın Hastalıklar (Veba. Kolera. Çiçek. Sıtma) ve Salgın Hastalıklarla Mücadele Yöntemleri. Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi yayınları.
  • Yılmaz, C. (2013). Hizmetkâr liderlik ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki. Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.. T. C. Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gebze, Turkey.
  • Yiğit, İ. & Gümüşçü, O. (2016). Manisa ve çevresinde salgın hastalıkların iskana etkisi (XVI-XX. yy). TÜCAUM Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu. 13-14 Ekim, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., ... & Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 89(4), 242-250. doi:10.1159/000507639.
  • Zhu, H., Wei, L. & Niu, P. (2020). The Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Wuhan. China. Global Health Research and Policy. 5(6): 1-3.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Altuğ Çağatay 0000-0001-7067-5570

Ali Topal 0000-0001-7330-9058

Ümit Arslan 0000-0002-9781-3723

Publication Date March 24, 2023
Submission Date February 17, 2023
Acceptance Date March 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çağatay, A., Topal, A., & Arslan, Ü. (2023). The Effect Of Perceived Stress of Health Care Professionals on Servant Leadership Behaviors In The Covid-19 Period: NMRT Example. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 8(1), 58-77.