Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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THE EFFECTS OF PANDEMIC OUTBREAK AND REMOTE WORKING ON EMPLOYEES' SOCIAL NETWORKS EVOLUTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROPOSITIONS

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1257 - 1279, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.804460

Abstract

The novel coronavirus strain (COVID-19) has completely changed the perspective of businesses, employees, business relations and employment, as the most challenging and worst global economic crisis since World War II. In this process, most businesses started working remotely, in other words, to work and continue their activities online, and under these circumstances, the success of the business showed that business relationships were reshaped and employees were able to expand their online connections, relationships and contacts. During the global pandemic, the transition process for home workers is particularly important due to the changing qualities of social networking relationships. This is a theoretical article that offers explanations and discussions based on literature rewiev. For this reason, a systematic literature review and an interpretative perspective was adopted in this study, and it was aimed to make sense of the characteristics of social network relations that changed both quantitatively and qualitatively through remote work during the epidemic process. In this article, we argue that the level and qualities of social capital have been affected by the pandemic and that social networking relationships have evolved due to adaptation to pandemic conditions. The remote working order, which is a mandatory form of work during the pandemic, has once again revealed the importance of social networking consisting of weak ties. Employees tend to establish weak ties and increase the number of weak ties instead of establishing strong ties in business networks. In this process, it is suggested that enterprises and employees should establish weak ties and increase the number of ties, supporting the claim that weak ties, which are defended by Granovetter (1973) and Burt (1992), provide more benefits in terms of business relations. For this, it is considered important that they gain competence in digital applications and follow social media regularly and strategically.

References

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SALGIN VE UZAKTAN ÇALIŞMA DÜZENİNİN ÇALIŞANLARIN SOSYAL AĞ İLİŞKİLERİNİN DEĞİŞİMİNE ETKİLERİ: SİSTEMATİK YAZIN TARAMASI VE ÖNERMELER

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1257 - 1279, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.804460

Abstract

Yeni koronavirüs türü (COVID-19) ikinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana en zorlayıcı ve kötü küresel ekonomik kriz olarak işletmelere, çalışanlara, iş ilişkilerine ve istihdama bakış açısını tamamen değiştirmiştir. Çoğu işletme bu süreçte uzaktan çalışma düzenine diğer bir ifadeyle çevrimiçi olarak çalışmaya ve faaliyetlerine devam etmeye başlamıştır ve bu şartlar altında işlerin aksamadan başarılması iş ilişkilerinin yeniden biçimlenmesine ve çalışanların çevrimiçi bağlantı, ilişki ve temaslarını genişletme olanağına bağlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Küresel salgın sırasında evlerinden çalışanlar için geçiş süreci özellikle sosyal ağ ilişkilerinin niteliklerinin değişimi nedeniyle önemlidir. Bu çalışma yazına dayanarak açıklamalar ve tartışmalar sunan kuramsal bir makaledir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada sistematik yazın taraması ve yorumsamacı bir bakış açısı benimsenmiş ve salgın sürecinde uzaktan çalışma ile hem niceliksel hem de niteliksel yapısı değişen sosyal ağ ilişkileri özelliklerini anlamlandırmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu makalede sosyal sermaye düzeyinin ve niteliklerinin salgından etkilendiğini ve sosyal ağ ilişkilerinin salgın şartlarına uyum nedeniyle evrim geçirdiğini savunuyoruz. Salgın sürecinde zorunlu çalışma şekli olan uzaktan çalışma düzeni zayıf bağlardan oluşan sosyal ağ ilişkilerinin önemini tekrar ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çalışanlar iş ilişkilerinde güçlü bağlar kurmak yerine zayıf bağlar kurmaya ve zayıf bağ sayılarını artırmaya yönelmektedir. Bu süreçte Granovetter (1973) ve Burt’un (1992) savundukları zayıf bağların iş ilişkileri açısından daha fazla fayda sağladığı savını destekler nitelikte olarak işletmelerin ve çalışanların zayıf bağlar kurmaları ve bağ sayısını artırmaları için dijital uygulamalara yetkinlik kazanmalarının ve sosyal medya takibini düzenli ve stratejik olarak yapmalarının önemli olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

References

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  • Bartscher, A. K., Seitz, S., Slotwinski, M., Siegloch, S. & Wehrhöfer, N. (2020). Social capital and the spread of Covid-19: Insights from European countries.
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  • Biron, M. vd., (2020). Structuring for innovative responses to human resource challenges: A skunk works approach, Human Resource Management Review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100768
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  • Borgonovi, F. & Andrieu, E. (2020). The role of social capital in promoting social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, https://voxeu.org/article/social-capital-and-social-distancing-us
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  • Burt, R. (1997). The Contingent value of social capital, Administrative Science Quarterly. 42, 339-365.
  • Burt, R. (2005). Brokerage and closure: An introduction to social capital, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Caligiuri, P., De Cieri, H., Minbaeva, D., Verbeke, A. & Zimmermann, A. (2020). International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice. Journal of International Business Studies, 51, 697-713.
  • Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., Tramontano, C., & Michailidis, E. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: A multidimensional approach. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 51–73.
  • Coleman, J. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology Supplement, 94, 93-120.
  • Crudeli, L., Macinelli, S. & Ponti, G. (2008). Social Capital or Economic Rents? An Experimental Study.
  • Denyer, D., & Tranfield, D. (2009). Producing a systematic review, In D.A Buchanan & A. Bryman (Eds.). The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Research Methods (671-689). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Durante, R, Guiso, L. & Gulino, G. (2020), Civic capital and social distancing Evidence from Italians’ response to COVID-19, VoxEU.org, 16 April.
  • Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.
  • Fukuyama, F (2016). Social Capital and Civil Society, IMF Working paper no. 00/74. 0.
  • Gabbay, S. M. & Leenders, R. Th. A. J. (1999). CSC: The structure of advantage and disadvantage. In R. Th. A. J. Leenders & S. M. Gabbay (Eds.), Corporate social capital and liability (pp.1-14). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers
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  • Granovetter, M. (1983). The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Sociological Theory, 1: 201-233.
  • Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: A theory of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 3, 481- 510.
  • Gulati, R., Dialdin D. A. & Wang, L. (2002). Organizational networks. J. A. C. Baum (Der.) The Blackwell Companion to Organizations: 281-303. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Hite, J. M. & Hesterly, W. S. (2001). The evolution of firm networks: From emergence to early growth of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 22(3): 275-286.
  • ILO, (2020). ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. Second edition
  • Inkpen, A. C. & Tsang, E. W. (2005). Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer. Academy of Management Review, 1, 30, 146-165.
  • Kadushin, C. (2002). The motivational foundation of social networks, Social networks 24 (1), 77-91
  • Kalashnyk, N. & Krasivskyy, O. (2020). Interaction in Society - New Approaches to State and International Administration in the Post-COVID-19 Period. Postmodern Openings, 11(1Supl2), 49-58.
  • Kawachi I, Subramanian, S. V. & Kim, D. (2008). Social capital and health: A decade of progress and beyond, in Social Capital and Health, Springer, pp. 1–26.
  • Khan, K. S, Kunz, R., Kleijinen, J., & Antes, G. (2003). Five steps to conducting a systematic review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(2), 118-121.
  • Klein N. (2020). Screen New Deal. The Intercept. https://the intercept.com/2020/05/08/andrew-cuomo-eric-schmidt-corona virus-tech-shock-doctrine/ Accessed May 20.
  • Knack, S. ve Keefer, P. (1997). Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation, Quarterly Journal of Economics 112(4): 1251-1288.
  • Kodama, M. (2019). Developing Holistic Strategic Management in the Advanced ICT Era (Series on Technology Management Vol. 35). World Scientific Publishing Europe.
  • Kodama, M. (2020). Digitally transforming work styles in an era of infectious disease, International Journal of Information Management
  • Koh, H. K. & Cadigan, R. O. (2008). Disaster preparedness and social capital. In Social capital and health (pp. 273-285). Springer, New York, NY.
  • Koka, B., Madhavan, R. & Prescott, J. E. (2006). The Evolution of interfirm networks: Environmental effects on patterns of network change. Academy of Management Review, 31:721-737
  • Kominers, S. & Gonzalez, G. (2020). Zoom video communications and COVID-19. Harvard Business School Case 820–108, March. Köker, A. (2008). Örgütlerarası ağların yenilik derecesi üzerindeki etkileri: ostim ve ankara organize sanayi bölgelerinde bir çalışma, Başkent Üniversitesi S.B.E Yönetim ve Organizasyon Doktora Tezi
  • Köker, A.R. (2008). Örgütlerarası Ağların Yenilik Derecesi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ostim ve Ankara Organize Sanayi Bölgelerinde Bir Çalışma, Başkent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi
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There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hale Alan 0000-0002-2444-1551

Ali Rıza Köker 0000-0002-8171-4368

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date October 2, 2020
Acceptance Date May 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Alan, H., & Köker, A. R. (2021). SALGIN VE UZAKTAN ÇALIŞMA DÜZENİNİN ÇALIŞANLARIN SOSYAL AĞ İLİŞKİLERİNİN DEĞİŞİMİNE ETKİLERİ: SİSTEMATİK YAZIN TARAMASI VE ÖNERMELER. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 17(4), 1257-1279. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.804460