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Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 569 - 582, 01.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.775415

Abstract

References

  • Ambrosio, T. (2014). Leadership Succession in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Regime Survival after Nazarbayev and Karimov. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(1), 49-67.
  • Aydın, M. (2015). Arab Baharını Anlamak, Retrived January 30, 2016 from http://tercih.aydin.edu.tr/mustafaaydin.com/dosyalar/ARAB_BAHARIn%C4%B1_anlamak.pdf
  • Aydinli, E. (2013): The reform-security dilemma in democratic transitions: the Turkish experience as model?, Democratization 20(6), 1144-1164
  • Barnes, A. (2013). Creating Democrats? Testing the Arab Spring. Middle East Policy, vol. XX, no. 2, pp. 55-72.
  • Bayat, A. (2013). Life as politics how ordinary people change the Middle East. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Bellin, E. (2012). Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring. Comparative Politics 44(2), 127-149.
  • Bellin, E. (2015). The Relationship between Democracy and Development. Lecture presented at Economic Research Forum 21st Annual Conference.
  • Berman, S. H. (2017). How Democracies Emerge: Lessons from Europe. Journal of Democracy, vol. 18(1), pp. 28-41. doi:10.1353/jod.2007.0000.
  • Bingöl, Y. (2011). Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi: Kavramlar, Temel Yaklaşımlar, Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi Tartışmaları (ed. Y. Bingöl), 9-20, Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Boix, C. & Stokes, S. (2003). “Endogenous Democratization,” World Politics 55, no. pp. 539–540. Princeton University. Retrieved August 01, 2013 from https://www.princeton.edu/~cboix/endogenous%20democratization%20-%20world%20politics.pdf
  • Cammack, P. (1994). Political development theory and the dissemination of democracy. Democratization, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 353-374.
  • Desai, R. (2012). The Challenge of a Reform Endowment. Washington: Brookings Institute.
  • Goldsmith, A. (2007). Muslim exceptionalism? Measuring the “Democracy Gap”. Middle East Policy, vol. XIV, no. 2, pp. 86-96.
  • Gordner, M. (2013). Democracy and Democratic Transition: Lessons from Egypt and Tunisia. Global Education Magazine, [online] (5), pp.32 - 36. Available at: http://www.globaleducationmagazine.com/global- education-magazine-5/
  • Hamid, S. (2011). The struggle for Middle East democracy: Why the Arab Street finally revolted. Cairo Review, no. 1, pp. 18-29.
  • Hanefi, A. A. (2011). The Challenges of Democratic Transformation in Egypt. Minber Al Huria.
  • Harvey D. (2012). Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, Verso, London.
  • Haynes, J. (1997). Democracy and Civil Society in the Third World Politics and New Political Movements. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Kışlakçı, T. (2012). Arab Baharı, İstanbul: Mana Yayınları.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959). “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 53, No. 1 pp. 69-105.
  • Rosiny, S. (2012). “The Arab Spring: Triggers, Dynamics and Prospects” Retrieved October 05, 2015 from https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/gf_international_1201.pdf
  • O'Donnell, G. & Schmitter, P. (1986). Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, Vol. 4, in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy, Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Pace, M. & Cavatorta, F. (2012). The Arab uprisings in theoretical perspective: An introduction. Mediterranean Politics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 125-138, DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2012.694040
  • Paciello, M. (2011). The Arab Spring: Socio-economic challenges and opportunities. Istituto Affari Internazionali, vol. 11, no. 15E, pp. 1-15.
  • Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M. E., Cheibub, J. A., & Limongi, F. (2000). Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990 (Cambridge Studies in the Theory of Democracy) 1st Edition).
  • Ramadan, T. (2011). Historical Responsibilities: Democracy Now. Retrieved April 15, 2015 from https://www.newageislam.com/islam-and-the-west/historical-responsibilities--democracy-now- demands-tariq-ramadan/d/4089
  • Rezaei, M. (2015). Egypt and "Democracy Dilemma", African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, Vol. 9(6), pp. 217-224, DOI: 10.5897/AJPSIR2014.0763.
  • Rivlin, P. (2011). “Egyptians Economy after the Election, the Moshe Dayan Center at Tel Aviv University.
  • Tessler, M. (2002). Islam and democracy in the Middle East: The impact of religious orientations on attitudes toward democracy in four Arab countries. Comparative Politics, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 337-354.
  • Toscano, R., Khattab, M., Kassem, F., & Brumberg, D. (2012). The Arab Awakening: Is democracy a mirage? Viewpoints, no. 6, pp. 1-19.
  • Trabelsi, M. (2013). Post-political transitions in Arab Spring countries: The challenges. Transition Study Reviews, 2013, no. 20, pp. 253-263.
  • Toscano, R., Khattab, M., Kassem, F., & Brumberg, D. (2012). The Arab Awakening: Is democracy a mirage? Viewpoints, no. 6, pp. 1-19.
  • Stepan, A. C. & Linz, J. (2013). Democratization theory and the ‘Arab Spring’. Journal of Democracy, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 15-30.
  • Sorenson, D. (2011). Transitions in the Arab World: Spring or Fall? Strategic Studies Quarterly.
  • Yumitro, G. & Estriani, H. (2017). The Quo Vadis of Democratization in Post-Egypt Arab Spring. Volume 23: Issue 79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2017-0018

The role of domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 569 - 582, 01.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.775415

Abstract

This paper focuses on the roles of the domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. Domestic factors had an important impact on the authoritarian regime and established order in Egypt. The defenders of the established order had gotten much income from the authoritarian regime, yet many people had gotten less income from the state. Therefore, contrary to popular belief, the internal dynamics in Egypt Arab Spring served not to change the balances in the Middle East, but to the continuation of the institutional order (the established order). The domestic factors such as social, political, and economic factors were the reasons for the uprising. The former regime supporters regained power by the military coup d’état with financial and political support from global actors.

References

  • Ambrosio, T. (2014). Leadership Succession in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Regime Survival after Nazarbayev and Karimov. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(1), 49-67.
  • Aydın, M. (2015). Arab Baharını Anlamak, Retrived January 30, 2016 from http://tercih.aydin.edu.tr/mustafaaydin.com/dosyalar/ARAB_BAHARIn%C4%B1_anlamak.pdf
  • Aydinli, E. (2013): The reform-security dilemma in democratic transitions: the Turkish experience as model?, Democratization 20(6), 1144-1164
  • Barnes, A. (2013). Creating Democrats? Testing the Arab Spring. Middle East Policy, vol. XX, no. 2, pp. 55-72.
  • Bayat, A. (2013). Life as politics how ordinary people change the Middle East. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Bellin, E. (2012). Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring. Comparative Politics 44(2), 127-149.
  • Bellin, E. (2015). The Relationship between Democracy and Development. Lecture presented at Economic Research Forum 21st Annual Conference.
  • Berman, S. H. (2017). How Democracies Emerge: Lessons from Europe. Journal of Democracy, vol. 18(1), pp. 28-41. doi:10.1353/jod.2007.0000.
  • Bingöl, Y. (2011). Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi: Kavramlar, Temel Yaklaşımlar, Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi Tartışmaları (ed. Y. Bingöl), 9-20, Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Boix, C. & Stokes, S. (2003). “Endogenous Democratization,” World Politics 55, no. pp. 539–540. Princeton University. Retrieved August 01, 2013 from https://www.princeton.edu/~cboix/endogenous%20democratization%20-%20world%20politics.pdf
  • Cammack, P. (1994). Political development theory and the dissemination of democracy. Democratization, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 353-374.
  • Desai, R. (2012). The Challenge of a Reform Endowment. Washington: Brookings Institute.
  • Goldsmith, A. (2007). Muslim exceptionalism? Measuring the “Democracy Gap”. Middle East Policy, vol. XIV, no. 2, pp. 86-96.
  • Gordner, M. (2013). Democracy and Democratic Transition: Lessons from Egypt and Tunisia. Global Education Magazine, [online] (5), pp.32 - 36. Available at: http://www.globaleducationmagazine.com/global- education-magazine-5/
  • Hamid, S. (2011). The struggle for Middle East democracy: Why the Arab Street finally revolted. Cairo Review, no. 1, pp. 18-29.
  • Hanefi, A. A. (2011). The Challenges of Democratic Transformation in Egypt. Minber Al Huria.
  • Harvey D. (2012). Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, Verso, London.
  • Haynes, J. (1997). Democracy and Civil Society in the Third World Politics and New Political Movements. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Kışlakçı, T. (2012). Arab Baharı, İstanbul: Mana Yayınları.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959). “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 53, No. 1 pp. 69-105.
  • Rosiny, S. (2012). “The Arab Spring: Triggers, Dynamics and Prospects” Retrieved October 05, 2015 from https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/gf_international_1201.pdf
  • O'Donnell, G. & Schmitter, P. (1986). Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, Vol. 4, in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy, Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Pace, M. & Cavatorta, F. (2012). The Arab uprisings in theoretical perspective: An introduction. Mediterranean Politics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 125-138, DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2012.694040
  • Paciello, M. (2011). The Arab Spring: Socio-economic challenges and opportunities. Istituto Affari Internazionali, vol. 11, no. 15E, pp. 1-15.
  • Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M. E., Cheibub, J. A., & Limongi, F. (2000). Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990 (Cambridge Studies in the Theory of Democracy) 1st Edition).
  • Ramadan, T. (2011). Historical Responsibilities: Democracy Now. Retrieved April 15, 2015 from https://www.newageislam.com/islam-and-the-west/historical-responsibilities--democracy-now- demands-tariq-ramadan/d/4089
  • Rezaei, M. (2015). Egypt and "Democracy Dilemma", African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, Vol. 9(6), pp. 217-224, DOI: 10.5897/AJPSIR2014.0763.
  • Rivlin, P. (2011). “Egyptians Economy after the Election, the Moshe Dayan Center at Tel Aviv University.
  • Tessler, M. (2002). Islam and democracy in the Middle East: The impact of religious orientations on attitudes toward democracy in four Arab countries. Comparative Politics, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 337-354.
  • Toscano, R., Khattab, M., Kassem, F., & Brumberg, D. (2012). The Arab Awakening: Is democracy a mirage? Viewpoints, no. 6, pp. 1-19.
  • Trabelsi, M. (2013). Post-political transitions in Arab Spring countries: The challenges. Transition Study Reviews, 2013, no. 20, pp. 253-263.
  • Toscano, R., Khattab, M., Kassem, F., & Brumberg, D. (2012). The Arab Awakening: Is democracy a mirage? Viewpoints, no. 6, pp. 1-19.
  • Stepan, A. C. & Linz, J. (2013). Democratization theory and the ‘Arab Spring’. Journal of Democracy, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 15-30.
  • Sorenson, D. (2011). Transitions in the Arab World: Spring or Fall? Strategic Studies Quarterly.
  • Yumitro, G. & Estriani, H. (2017). The Quo Vadis of Democratization in Post-Egypt Arab Spring. Volume 23: Issue 79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2017-0018
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Şuayip Turan 0000-0001-9781-8420

Yılmaz Bingöl 0000-0001-9781-8420

Publication Date October 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Turan, Ş., & Bingöl, Y. (2020). The role of domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(4), 569-582. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.775415
AMA Turan Ş, Bingöl Y. The role of domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. October 2020;6(4):569-582. doi:10.24289/ijsser.775415
Chicago Turan, Şuayip, and Yılmaz Bingöl. “The Role of Domestic Factors on the Failed Transition to Democracy in Egypt”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 6, no. 4 (October 2020): 569-82. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.775415.
EndNote Turan Ş, Bingöl Y (October 1, 2020) The role of domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 6 4 569–582.
IEEE Ş. Turan and Y. Bingöl, “The role of domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 569–582, 2020, doi: 10.24289/ijsser.775415.
ISNAD Turan, Şuayip - Bingöl, Yılmaz. “The Role of Domestic Factors on the Failed Transition to Democracy in Egypt”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 6/4 (October 2020), 569-582. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.775415.
JAMA Turan Ş, Bingöl Y. The role of domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2020;6:569–582.
MLA Turan, Şuayip and Yılmaz Bingöl. “The Role of Domestic Factors on the Failed Transition to Democracy in Egypt”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 6, no. 4, 2020, pp. 569-82, doi:10.24289/ijsser.775415.
Vancouver Turan Ş, Bingöl Y. The role of domestic factors on the failed transition to democracy in Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2020;6(4):569-82.