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AKDENİZ’E KIYISI OLAN ÜLKELERDE TURİZM GELİRLERİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: PANEL NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 13 - 24, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Turizm gerek gelişmiş gerekse gelişmekte olan tüm ülkeler açısından önemli bir gelir kaynağıdır. Turizm sektörü, dünyadaki pek çok ülke açısından döviz rezervlerini arttırıcı niteliktedir. Gerçekten de turizm faaliyetlerine açık olan çoğu ülke, daha fazla turist çekebilmek adına, vize uygulamalarına esneklikler getirmekte, tanıtım amaçlı olarak uygun veya indirimli paket turlar düzenlemekte ya da büyük bütçeli reklam harcamalarına yönelmektedirler. Ayrıca sektör incelendiğinde çalışmanın öznelerinden birisi olan Akdeniz çanağındaki ülkelerin, dünya turizminde oldukça büyük bir paya sahip oldukları görülmektedir.

Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2020 yılları arasındaki döneme ait verilerden yola çıkarak, 11 Akdeniz ülkesinde turizm gelirleri ile ekonomik büyüme arasında bir ilişkinin bulunup bulunmadığının panel nedensellik analizi ile incelenmesidir. Panel nedensellik analizi sonuçlarına göre; turizm gelirleri(ndeki değişimle) ve ekonomik büyüme arasında, karşılıklı olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkinin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Bahar, O., & Kozak. M. (2013). Turizm Ekonomisi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını No: 2908, AÖF Yayını, No: 1865.
  • Belleouimi, M. (2010). The relationship between tourism receipts, real effective exchange rate and economic growth in Tunisia, International Journal of Tourism Research, 550-560.
  • Breusch., T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Chuck Y. (Ed.) (1997). International tourism: a global perspective, World Tourism Organization (WTO) Publications, Madrid.
  • Çoban., O. & Özcan, C. C. (2013). Türkiye’de turizm gelirleri-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: nedensellik analizi (1963-2010). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8 (1), 243-261.
  • Dritsakis, N. (2004). Cointegration analysis of German and British Tourism demand for Greece, Tourism Management, 25, 111-119.
  • Dumitrescu., E. I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29 (4), 1450-1460.
  • Durbarry, R. (2004) Tourism and Economic Growth: the Case of Mauritius, Tourism Economics, 10, 389-401.
  • Göçer, İ. (2013). Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı, dış ticaret dengesi ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri, Maliye Dergisi, 165, Temmuz-Aralık.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods.Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 424-438.
  • Öztaş., K. & Karabulut, T. (2006). Turizm Ekonomisi, Genel Turizm Bilgileri, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Pesaran., M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22 (2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran., M. H., Ullah, A. & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted lm test of error cross-. ındependence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Pesaran, M. H.& Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Proença., S. & Soukiazi, E. (2008). Tourism as an economic growth factor: a Case study for Southern European Countries, Tourism Economics, 14 (4) 791-806.
  • Saleh, A., Assaf, G., Ihalanayake, R. & Lung, S. (2015). A panel cointegration analysis of the ımpact of tourism on economic growth: evidence from the middle east region. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 209-220.
  • Samimi, A., Sadeghi, S. & Sadeghi, S. (2011). Tourism and economic growth in developing countries: p-var approach. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10 (1), 28-32.
  • Šimundić, B., Kuliš, Z. & Šerić,N. (2016). Tourism and economic growth: an evidence for Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Tourism & Hospitality Industry Congress Proceedings, 457-469.
  • Şen, A., & Şit, M. (2015). Turizm gelirlerinin Türkiye ekonomisindeki rolü ve önemi. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Yıl 2015, Cilt 5, Sayı 8, 30 – 45.
  • Terzi., H. & Tütüncü, A. (2017). Turizm gelirleri ve dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (2): 79-107.
  • Ülker, B. (2016). 1980 – 2014 dönemi turizm gelirleri ile gayrisafi yurt içi hâsıla arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır. 1-156.
  • Worldbank.org. https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&series=ST.INT.RCPT.CD&country=#, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • Worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. (2006). Tourism Highlights https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413492, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. (2007). Tourism Highlights https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413539, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2008). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413560, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2009). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413591, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highligts (2010). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413720, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2011). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413935, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2012). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284414666, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2013). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284415427#:~:text=Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific%20recorded,the%20Americas%20(%2B5%25).&text=International%20tourist%20arrivals%20in%20Europe,succeeded%20in%20returning%20to%20growth, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2014). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416226, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2015). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2016). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418145, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2017). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029#:~:text=In%20receipts%2C%20the%20US%20and,and%209th%20place%20in%20arrivals, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2018). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419876#:~:text=A%20total%20of%201%2C326%20million,million%20more%20than%20in%202016.&text=Results%20were%20driven%20by%20sustained,security%20challenges%20in%20recent%20years, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2019). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421152, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2020). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284422456 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization (2022). https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/country-profile-inbound-tourism (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • Zortuk., M.& Yıldız, A. (2018). E-7 ülkelerinde turizm ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Asimetrik panel nedensellik analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (58), 130-142.

TOURISM INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP IN COUNTRIES BORDERING MEDITERRANEAN: PANEL CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 13 - 24, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Tourism is an important source of income for both developed and developing countries. The tourism sector increases the foreign exchange reserves of many countries in the world. Indeed, in order to attract more tourists, most countries that are open to tourism activities bring flexibility in visa applications, organize suitable or discounted package tours for promotional purposes, or turn to large-budget advertising expenditures. In addition, when the sector is examined, it is seen that the countries in the Mediterranean basin, which is one of the subjects of the study, have a very large share in world tourism.
In this context, the aim of the study is to examine whether there is a relationship between tourism revenues and economic growth in 11 Mediterranean countries with panel causality analysis, based on the data for the period between 2000-2020.
According to the results of the panel causality analysis it has been determined that there is a mutually significant and positive correlation between tourism revenues and economic growth.

References

  • Bahar, O., & Kozak. M. (2013). Turizm Ekonomisi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını No: 2908, AÖF Yayını, No: 1865.
  • Belleouimi, M. (2010). The relationship between tourism receipts, real effective exchange rate and economic growth in Tunisia, International Journal of Tourism Research, 550-560.
  • Breusch., T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Chuck Y. (Ed.) (1997). International tourism: a global perspective, World Tourism Organization (WTO) Publications, Madrid.
  • Çoban., O. & Özcan, C. C. (2013). Türkiye’de turizm gelirleri-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: nedensellik analizi (1963-2010). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8 (1), 243-261.
  • Dritsakis, N. (2004). Cointegration analysis of German and British Tourism demand for Greece, Tourism Management, 25, 111-119.
  • Dumitrescu., E. I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29 (4), 1450-1460.
  • Durbarry, R. (2004) Tourism and Economic Growth: the Case of Mauritius, Tourism Economics, 10, 389-401.
  • Göçer, İ. (2013). Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı, dış ticaret dengesi ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri, Maliye Dergisi, 165, Temmuz-Aralık.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods.Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 424-438.
  • Öztaş., K. & Karabulut, T. (2006). Turizm Ekonomisi, Genel Turizm Bilgileri, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Pesaran., M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22 (2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran., M. H., Ullah, A. & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted lm test of error cross-. ındependence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Pesaran, M. H.& Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Proença., S. & Soukiazi, E. (2008). Tourism as an economic growth factor: a Case study for Southern European Countries, Tourism Economics, 14 (4) 791-806.
  • Saleh, A., Assaf, G., Ihalanayake, R. & Lung, S. (2015). A panel cointegration analysis of the ımpact of tourism on economic growth: evidence from the middle east region. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 209-220.
  • Samimi, A., Sadeghi, S. & Sadeghi, S. (2011). Tourism and economic growth in developing countries: p-var approach. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10 (1), 28-32.
  • Šimundić, B., Kuliš, Z. & Šerić,N. (2016). Tourism and economic growth: an evidence for Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Tourism & Hospitality Industry Congress Proceedings, 457-469.
  • Şen, A., & Şit, M. (2015). Turizm gelirlerinin Türkiye ekonomisindeki rolü ve önemi. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Yıl 2015, Cilt 5, Sayı 8, 30 – 45.
  • Terzi., H. & Tütüncü, A. (2017). Turizm gelirleri ve dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (2): 79-107.
  • Ülker, B. (2016). 1980 – 2014 dönemi turizm gelirleri ile gayrisafi yurt içi hâsıla arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır. 1-156.
  • Worldbank.org. https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&series=ST.INT.RCPT.CD&country=#, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • Worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. (2006). Tourism Highlights https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413492, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. (2007). Tourism Highlights https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413539, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2008). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413560, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2009). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413591, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highligts (2010). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413720, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2011). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413935, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2012). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284414666, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2013). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284415427#:~:text=Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific%20recorded,the%20Americas%20(%2B5%25).&text=International%20tourist%20arrivals%20in%20Europe,succeeded%20in%20returning%20to%20growth, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2014). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416226, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2015). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2016). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418145, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2017). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029#:~:text=In%20receipts%2C%20the%20US%20and,and%209th%20place%20in%20arrivals, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2018). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419876#:~:text=A%20total%20of%201%2C326%20million,million%20more%20than%20in%202016.&text=Results%20were%20driven%20by%20sustained,security%20challenges%20in%20recent%20years, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2019). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421152, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization. Tourism Highlights (2020). https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284422456 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • World Tourism Organization (2022). https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/country-profile-inbound-tourism (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2022).
  • Zortuk., M.& Yıldız, A. (2018). E-7 ülkelerinde turizm ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Asimetrik panel nedensellik analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (58), 130-142.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ömer Emirkadı 0000-0001-5808-249X

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date May 8, 2022
Acceptance Date June 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Emirkadı, Ö. (2022). AKDENİZ’E KIYISI OLAN ÜLKELERDE TURİZM GELİRLERİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: PANEL NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ. Journal of Applied Tourism Research, 3(1), 13-24.


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