Research Article
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The Relationship Between Presenteeism and Work-Life Balance in Healthcare Professionals

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 52 - 61, 23.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1322284

Abstract

The inability of employees in the health sector to maintain a balance between work and life causes presenteeism behaviors, which increases costs by causing loss of productivity. This study, which aims to determine the relationship between health workers' work-life balance and presenteeism, is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consisted of 205 health workers working in a public hospital in the province of Istanbul. The population of the study consists of 386 health workers working in the hospital in the relevant period. Due to the large size of the universe and the impossibility of reaching all of them, sampling was used. The number of individuals to be included in the research sample was calculated as at least 189 with a 5% margin of error by using the sampling formula in cases where the number of universes is known. Personal Information Form, YS Presenteeism scale and New Work Life Balance scale were used to collect data. According to the data obtained from the research, it has been determined that there is a negative relationship between work-life balance and presenteeism behavior. According to the results of the t-Test, which was conducted to compare the work-life balance status and the levels of gender, marital status and job liking, a statistically significant difference was found between marital status and job liking. According to the results of the t-Test carried out to determine the differences in the presenteeism behaviors of healthcare professionals according to their demographic characteristics, a statistically significant difference was found in marital status and willingness to work, and no statistically significant difference was found according to the gender variable. In addition, the rate of showing prsenteeism behavior of health workers increases as the duration of work in the profession increases. As a result, it was determined that work-life balance had a 23% effect on presenteeism.

References

  • Agha, K., Azmi, F. T. & Khan, S. A. (2017). Work-Life Balance: Scale Development and Validation. In: Heras, M. L., Chinchilla, N. & Grau, M. (eds). The Work-Family Balance in Light of Globalization and Technology (pp. 109-130). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
  • Arnold, D. (2016). Determinants of the annual duration of sickness presenteeism: Empirical evidence from European data. Labor, 30(2), 198–2 12.
  • Arnold, D., & de Pinto, M. (2015). How are work-r elated characteristics linked to sickness absence and presentee- name? theory and data. Schmollers Jahrbuch, 135, 465–4 98. Aronsson G, Gustafsson K and
  • Mellner C (2011) Sickness presence, sickness absence, and self-reported health and symptoms. International Journal of Workplace Health Management 4(3): 228–243.
  • Aronsson, G. & Gustafsson, K. 2005. Sickness presenteeism: Prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47(9): 958-966.
  • Bergström G, Bodin L, Hagberg J, et al. (2009a) Sickness presenteeism today, sickness absentee- name tomorrow? A prospective study on sickness presenteeism and future sickness absentee- name. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 51(6): 1–10.
  • Bergström G, Bodin L, Hagberg J, et al. (2009b) Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 82(10): 1179.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö, E., Karadeniz., Demirel, F. (2019). Scientific research methods. 25th Edition, Ankara, Pegem Academy, 79-100.
  • Bierla, I., Huver, B., & Richard, S. 2013. New evidence on absenteeism and presenteeism. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(7):1536-1550.
  • Böckerman, P., & Laukkenan, E. (2009). What makes you work while you are sick? Evidence from a survey of workers. European Journal of Public Health, 20(1), 43–4 6.
  • Bockerman, P. (2018). Presenteeism in economic research. C. L. Cooper & L. Lu (Eds.). Presenteeism at work: 166–180. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brockner J and Higgins ET (2001) Regulatory focus theory: Implications for the study of emotions at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 86(1): 35–66.
  • Caverley, N., Cunningham, J. B., & MacGregor, J. N. (2007). Sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and health following restructuring in a public service organization. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 304–3 19.
  • Conway, P. M., Hogh, A., Rugulies, R., & Hansen, Å. M. 2014. Is sickness presenteeism a risk factor for depression? A Danish 2-Year follow-up study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(6): 595-603.
  • Conway, P. M., Clausen, T., Hansen, A. M., & Hogh, A. (2016). Workplace bullying and sickness presenteeism: Cross- sectional and prospective associations in a 2- year follow-u p study. International Archives of Occupation and Environmental Health, 89, 103–1 14.
  • Cooper, C. (1996). Hot under the Collar. Times Higher Education Supplement (June), 15. Cullen, J. & McLaughlin, A. 2006. What drives the persistence of presenteeism as a managerial value in hotels? Observations noted during an Irish work-life balance rese- arch project. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(3): 510-516.
  • Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hox, J. 2009. Present but sick: A three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International, 14(1): 50-68.
  • Dew K, Keefe V and Small K (2005) ‘Choosing’ to work when sick: Workplace presenteeism. Social Science Medicine 60: 2273–2282.
  • Freedy J and Hobfoll SE (2017) Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout. In: Schaufeli WB, Maslach C and Marek T (eds) Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory & Research. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis, 115–133.
  • Ferreira, A. I. & Martinez, L. F. 2012. Presenteeism and burnout among teachers in public and private portuguese elementary schools. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(20): 4380-4390.
  • Hansen, C. D., & Andersen, J. H. (2008). Going ill to work— What personal circumstances, attitudes and work- related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism? Social Science and Medicine, 67, 956–964. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.socsc imed.2008.05.022
  • Hirsch, B., Lechmann, D., & Schnabel, C. (2017). Coming to work while sick: An economic theory of presenteeism with an application to German data. Oxford Economic Papers, 69(4), 1010–1 031.
  • Hobfoll SE (1989) Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist 44(3): 513–524. Johns G (2010) Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior 31(4): 519–542.
  • Jena, A. B., Baldwin Jr, D. C., Daugherty, S. R., Meltzer, D. O. ve Arora, V. M. (2010). Presenteeism Among Resident Physicians. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(11), 1166-1168.
  • Johansson, G., & Lundberg, I. (2004). Adjustment latitude and attendance requirements as determinants of sickness absence or attendance. Empirical tests of the illness flexibility model. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 1857– 1868.
  • Kandemir A. Examination of the factors affecting the cost of absenteeism and absenteeism from work among hospital workers due to health problems [master's thesis]. Ankara: Hacettepe University, Institute of Social Sciences; 2014.
  • Karanika- Murray, M., & Biron, C. (2019). The health-performance framework of presenteeism: Towards under- standing an adaptive behavior. Human Relations, 2019, 1–2.
  • Koçoğlu, M. (2007). Presenteeism Problem in Businesses and Fighting Methods in the Framework of Human Resources Management, Unpublished master's thesis, Yıldız Technical University SBE, Istanbul.
  • Knani M, Biron C and Fournier P-S (2018) Presenteeism revisited: A critical review of existing- ing definitions and measures. In: Lu L and Cooper CL (eds) The Cambridge Companion to Presenteeism at Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 35–68.
  • Letvak SA, Ruhm CJ, Gupta SN. Nurses' presenteeism and its effects on self-reported quality of care and costs. AmJ Nurs. 2012;112(2):30-8. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000411176.15696.f9. Leineweber, C., Westerlund, H.,
  • Hagberg, J., Svedburg, P., Luokkala, M., & Alexanderson, K. (2011). Sickness presenteeism among Swedish police officers. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21, 17–2 2. Lu, L., Lin, H. Y., & Cooper, C. L. 2013. Unhealthy and present: Motives and consequences of the act of presenteeism among Taiwanese employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(4): 406-416.
  • Miraglia M and Johns G (2016) Going to work ill: A meta-analysis of the correlates of presentee- ism and a dual-path model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 21(3): 261–283.
  • Oktay, S., Ay, F., (2022). The Relationship Between Presenteeism and Tendency to Make Medical Error: A Research on Nurses. Journal of Health Sciences Institute, 7(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.51754/cusbed.1011550.
  • Sanderson K, Hobart JN, Graves N, et al. (2008) Presenteeism and mental health: Can the problem be part of the solution? Paper presented at the 7th APA-NIOSH-SOHP International conference on occupational stress and health, Washington, D.C.
  • Sanderson, K., Tilse, E., Nicholson, J., Oldenburg, B., & Graves, N. 2007. Which presenteeism measures are more sensitive to depression and anxiety? Journal of Affecti- ve Disorders, 101(2007): 65-74.
  • Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., van der Heijden, F. ve Prins, J. (2009). Workaholism Among Medical Residents: It is the Combination of Working Excessively and Compulsively that Counts. International Journal of Stress Management, 16, 249-272.
  • Whysall Z, Bowden J and Hewitt M (2018) Sickness presenteeism: measurement and management challenges. Ergonomics 61(3): 341–354.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2022). (The Effect of Work-Life Balance on Absenteeism and Presenteeism in Healthcare Professionals: A Scale Adaptation and Development Study). Yök Thesis.(https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp)

SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 52 - 61, 23.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1322284

Abstract

Sağlık sektöründe çalışanların iş ve yaşamları arasındaki dengeyi sağlayamamaları presenteeism davranışlarına sebep olmakta ve bu da verimlilik kaybına neden olarak maliyetleri artırmaktadır. Sağlık çalışanlarının iş yaşam dengesi ile presenteeism arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanan bu çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul ili sınırları içerisindeki bir kamu hastanesinde çalışan 205 sağlık çalışanı oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın evrenini ilgili dönemde hastanede çalışan 386 sağlık çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Evrenin geniş olması ve tamamına ulaşmanın imkânsızlığı nedeniyle örnekleme yoluna gidilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemine girecek birey sayısı, evren sayısının bilindiği durumlardaki örnekleme formülü kullanılarak %5 hata payı ile en az 189 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, YS Presenteeism ölçeği ve Yeni İş Yaşam Dengesi ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere göre iş yaşam dengesi ile presenteeism davranışı arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İş yaşam dengesi durumları ile cinsiyet, medeni durum ve işini sevme durum düzeylerini karşılaştırmak için yapılan t-Testi sonucuna göre medeni durum ve işini sevme durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarının presenteeism davranışlarında, demografik özelliklerine göre farklılıkları tespit etmek için gerçekleştirilen t-Testi sonuçlarına göre medeni durum ve işine severek yapma durumlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiş olup cinsiyet değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Bununla birlikte sağlık çalışanlarının prsenteeism davranışını gösterme oranı meslekte çalışma süresi arttıkça artmaktadır. Sonuç olarak iş yaşam dengesinin presenteeisme %23 oranında etki ettiği tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Agha, K., Azmi, F. T. & Khan, S. A. (2017). Work-Life Balance: Scale Development and Validation. In: Heras, M. L., Chinchilla, N. & Grau, M. (eds). The Work-Family Balance in Light of Globalization and Technology (pp. 109-130). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
  • Arnold, D. (2016). Determinants of the annual duration of sickness presenteeism: Empirical evidence from European data. Labor, 30(2), 198–2 12.
  • Arnold, D., & de Pinto, M. (2015). How are work-r elated characteristics linked to sickness absence and presentee- name? theory and data. Schmollers Jahrbuch, 135, 465–4 98. Aronsson G, Gustafsson K and
  • Mellner C (2011) Sickness presence, sickness absence, and self-reported health and symptoms. International Journal of Workplace Health Management 4(3): 228–243.
  • Aronsson, G. & Gustafsson, K. 2005. Sickness presenteeism: Prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47(9): 958-966.
  • Bergström G, Bodin L, Hagberg J, et al. (2009a) Sickness presenteeism today, sickness absentee- name tomorrow? A prospective study on sickness presenteeism and future sickness absentee- name. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 51(6): 1–10.
  • Bergström G, Bodin L, Hagberg J, et al. (2009b) Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 82(10): 1179.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö, E., Karadeniz., Demirel, F. (2019). Scientific research methods. 25th Edition, Ankara, Pegem Academy, 79-100.
  • Bierla, I., Huver, B., & Richard, S. 2013. New evidence on absenteeism and presenteeism. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(7):1536-1550.
  • Böckerman, P., & Laukkenan, E. (2009). What makes you work while you are sick? Evidence from a survey of workers. European Journal of Public Health, 20(1), 43–4 6.
  • Bockerman, P. (2018). Presenteeism in economic research. C. L. Cooper & L. Lu (Eds.). Presenteeism at work: 166–180. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brockner J and Higgins ET (2001) Regulatory focus theory: Implications for the study of emotions at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 86(1): 35–66.
  • Caverley, N., Cunningham, J. B., & MacGregor, J. N. (2007). Sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and health following restructuring in a public service organization. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 304–3 19.
  • Conway, P. M., Hogh, A., Rugulies, R., & Hansen, Å. M. 2014. Is sickness presenteeism a risk factor for depression? A Danish 2-Year follow-up study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(6): 595-603.
  • Conway, P. M., Clausen, T., Hansen, A. M., & Hogh, A. (2016). Workplace bullying and sickness presenteeism: Cross- sectional and prospective associations in a 2- year follow-u p study. International Archives of Occupation and Environmental Health, 89, 103–1 14.
  • Cooper, C. (1996). Hot under the Collar. Times Higher Education Supplement (June), 15. Cullen, J. & McLaughlin, A. 2006. What drives the persistence of presenteeism as a managerial value in hotels? Observations noted during an Irish work-life balance rese- arch project. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(3): 510-516.
  • Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hox, J. 2009. Present but sick: A three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International, 14(1): 50-68.
  • Dew K, Keefe V and Small K (2005) ‘Choosing’ to work when sick: Workplace presenteeism. Social Science Medicine 60: 2273–2282.
  • Freedy J and Hobfoll SE (2017) Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout. In: Schaufeli WB, Maslach C and Marek T (eds) Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory & Research. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis, 115–133.
  • Ferreira, A. I. & Martinez, L. F. 2012. Presenteeism and burnout among teachers in public and private portuguese elementary schools. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(20): 4380-4390.
  • Hansen, C. D., & Andersen, J. H. (2008). Going ill to work— What personal circumstances, attitudes and work- related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism? Social Science and Medicine, 67, 956–964. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.socsc imed.2008.05.022
  • Hirsch, B., Lechmann, D., & Schnabel, C. (2017). Coming to work while sick: An economic theory of presenteeism with an application to German data. Oxford Economic Papers, 69(4), 1010–1 031.
  • Hobfoll SE (1989) Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist 44(3): 513–524. Johns G (2010) Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior 31(4): 519–542.
  • Jena, A. B., Baldwin Jr, D. C., Daugherty, S. R., Meltzer, D. O. ve Arora, V. M. (2010). Presenteeism Among Resident Physicians. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(11), 1166-1168.
  • Johansson, G., & Lundberg, I. (2004). Adjustment latitude and attendance requirements as determinants of sickness absence or attendance. Empirical tests of the illness flexibility model. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 1857– 1868.
  • Kandemir A. Examination of the factors affecting the cost of absenteeism and absenteeism from work among hospital workers due to health problems [master's thesis]. Ankara: Hacettepe University, Institute of Social Sciences; 2014.
  • Karanika- Murray, M., & Biron, C. (2019). The health-performance framework of presenteeism: Towards under- standing an adaptive behavior. Human Relations, 2019, 1–2.
  • Koçoğlu, M. (2007). Presenteeism Problem in Businesses and Fighting Methods in the Framework of Human Resources Management, Unpublished master's thesis, Yıldız Technical University SBE, Istanbul.
  • Knani M, Biron C and Fournier P-S (2018) Presenteeism revisited: A critical review of existing- ing definitions and measures. In: Lu L and Cooper CL (eds) The Cambridge Companion to Presenteeism at Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 35–68.
  • Letvak SA, Ruhm CJ, Gupta SN. Nurses' presenteeism and its effects on self-reported quality of care and costs. AmJ Nurs. 2012;112(2):30-8. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000411176.15696.f9. Leineweber, C., Westerlund, H.,
  • Hagberg, J., Svedburg, P., Luokkala, M., & Alexanderson, K. (2011). Sickness presenteeism among Swedish police officers. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21, 17–2 2. Lu, L., Lin, H. Y., & Cooper, C. L. 2013. Unhealthy and present: Motives and consequences of the act of presenteeism among Taiwanese employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(4): 406-416.
  • Miraglia M and Johns G (2016) Going to work ill: A meta-analysis of the correlates of presentee- ism and a dual-path model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 21(3): 261–283.
  • Oktay, S., Ay, F., (2022). The Relationship Between Presenteeism and Tendency to Make Medical Error: A Research on Nurses. Journal of Health Sciences Institute, 7(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.51754/cusbed.1011550.
  • Sanderson K, Hobart JN, Graves N, et al. (2008) Presenteeism and mental health: Can the problem be part of the solution? Paper presented at the 7th APA-NIOSH-SOHP International conference on occupational stress and health, Washington, D.C.
  • Sanderson, K., Tilse, E., Nicholson, J., Oldenburg, B., & Graves, N. 2007. Which presenteeism measures are more sensitive to depression and anxiety? Journal of Affecti- ve Disorders, 101(2007): 65-74.
  • Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., van der Heijden, F. ve Prins, J. (2009). Workaholism Among Medical Residents: It is the Combination of Working Excessively and Compulsively that Counts. International Journal of Stress Management, 16, 249-272.
  • Whysall Z, Bowden J and Hewitt M (2018) Sickness presenteeism: measurement and management challenges. Ergonomics 61(3): 341–354.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2022). (The Effect of Work-Life Balance on Absenteeism and Presenteeism in Healthcare Professionals: A Scale Adaptation and Development Study). Yök Thesis.(https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp)
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other), Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orginal Research
Authors

Burçin Nur Özdemir 0009-0009-5316-4301

Selma Söyük 0000-0001-9822-9417

Publication Date October 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Özdemir, B. N., & Söyük, S. (2023). SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 9(18), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1322284
AMA Özdemir BN, Söyük S. SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. October 2023;9(18):52-61. doi:10.48121/jihsam.1322284
Chicago Özdemir, Burçin Nur, and Selma Söyük. “SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 9, no. 18 (October 2023): 52-61. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1322284.
EndNote Özdemir BN, Söyük S (October 1, 2023) SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 9 18 52–61.
IEEE B. N. Özdemir and S. Söyük, “SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ”, Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 9, no. 18, pp. 52–61, 2023, doi: 10.48121/jihsam.1322284.
ISNAD Özdemir, Burçin Nur - Söyük, Selma. “SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 9/18 (October 2023), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1322284.
JAMA Özdemir BN, Söyük S. SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2023;9:52–61.
MLA Özdemir, Burçin Nur and Selma Söyük. “SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 9, no. 18, 2023, pp. 52-61, doi:10.48121/jihsam.1322284.
Vancouver Özdemir BN, Söyük S. SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PRESENTEEİSM VE İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2023;9(18):52-61.