FROM ERNEST HEMINGWAY TO HARUKI MURAKAMI: PRESENCE AND ABSENCE DICHOTOMY, IDENTITY CRISIS AND THE SEARCH FOR MEANING THAT WOMEN CHARACTERS BRING ABOUT IN “IN ANOTHER COUNTRY” AND “KINO”
Abstract
Kadınsız Erkekler'den (1927) “Başka Bir Ülkede” ve Kadınsız Erkekler'den (2014) “Kino” adlı öyküler, sırasıyla Ernest Hemingway ve Haruki Murakami tarafından yazılan iki farklı ama derinden ilişkili kısa hikâyelerdir. Her ne kadar bu iki kısa hikâye, iki romancının yaşadığı ve eserlerini yarattığı kültürel iklimi üreten mekânsal ve zamansal değişkenler nedeniyle farklılık gösterse de, bu çalışma, iki öyküyü yakından ve karşılaştırmalı olarak okuyup analiz ederek her iki hikâyenin de anlatılarında erkeğin kadınla ilişkisinin sorunsallaştırılması ve hikâyelerin kadın figürlerinin varlığının-yokluğunun erkeklerin yaşamlarındaki etkileri bakımından aynı temaları ortaya koyduğunu göstererek bu öyküleri yorumlamayı amaçlamaktadır. İçerisinde bulundukları koşullarla birlikte kimlik krizleri ve anlam arayışları eleştirel olarak analiz edilen “Başka Bir Ülkede” ve “Kino”daki erkeklerin ya görünüşte kayıtsız ve sözde dayanıklı oldukları ya da yaşadıkları ve üstesinden gelemedikleri acılar nedeniyle örtük bir biçimde kırılgan ve duygusal açıdan dengesiz oldukları ortaya çıkar. Hikâyelerin incelenmesi, kadınları ya yanlış anlayan ya da varoluş koşullarını yanlış yorumlayan erkek karakterlerin psikolojilerini gün yüzüne çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışma, iki öyküyü inceleyerek, her iki öykünün de aslında kişinin sevdiği kimsenin varlığı ve yokluğu nedeniyle gerçek ve mecazi krizlerin ortasında kimlik, aşk, yaşam, mutsuzluk, yalnızlık ve anlam arayışı gibi kavramların etrafında nasıl yakından döndüğünü gösterirken kadın-erkek ilişkilerinin karmaşık dinamiklerini de irdeleme şansı verir. Kadın kahramanların yokluk ve varlık dikotomisinin, erkek kahramanların hayatlarını nasıl yönlendirdiğine ve onlarda kimlik krizlerine ve anlam arayışına yol açtığına odaklanan söz konusu iki kısa öykünün yakın okumasının ve karşılaştırmalı bir analizinin, zengin ve çağrıştırıcı sonuçlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Keywords
Hemingway Murakami Bir Başka Ülkede” Kino Varlık ve Yokluk Dikotomisi Kimlik Krizi Anlam Arayışı
Project Number
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References
- Anderson, S. W. (2012). Readings of Trauma, Madness, and the Body. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dil, J. (2022). Haruki Murakami and the Search for Self-Therapy: Stories from the Second Basement. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Fantina, R. (2005). Ernest Hemingway: Machismo and Masochism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Fuminobu, M. (2005). Postmodern, feminist and postcolonial currents in contemporary Japanese Culture: A Reading of Murakami Haruki, Yoshimoto Banana, Yoshimoto Takaaki and Karatani Kōjin. New York: Routledge.
- Garrigues, L. (2004). Reading the Writer's Craft: The Hemingway Short Stories. The English Journal, 94 (1), 59-65. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4128849
- Hemingway, E. (1995). Men Without Women. Harmondsworth-Middlesex: Penguin Books.
- McAlpin, H. (2006). The Book Review Digest: Annual Accumulation. New York: H. W. Wilson Company.
- Miyoshi, M. (1991). Off Center: Power and Culture Relations between Japan and the United States. Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
- Murakami, H. (2017). Men Without Women. (Translated by: Philip Gabriel and Theodore Goossen), New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
- Sanderson, R. (1996). Hemingway and Gender History. In Scott Donaldson (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Hemingway, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sayers, N. (2020). The Promise of Nostalgia: Reminiscence, Longing and Hope in Contemporary American Culture. New York: Routledge.
- Snyder, S. (2018). Two Murakamis and Marcel Proust: Memory as Form in Contemporary Japanese Fiction. In Xiaobing Tang and Stephen Snyder (Eds.), In Pursuit of Contemporary East Asian Culture, New York: Routledge.
- Wagner-M. L. (2007). Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Life, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Willingham, K. G. (2002). The Sun Hasn’t Set Yet: Brett Ashley and the Code of Hero Debate. In Gloria Holland,
- Lawrence R. Broer (Eds.), Hemingway and Women: Female Critics and the Female Voice, Tuscaloosa-Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
FROM ERNEST HEMINGWAY TO HARUKI MURAKAMI: PRESENCE AND ABSENCE DICHOTOMY, IDENTITY CRISIS AND THE SEARCH FOR MEANING THAT WOMEN CHARACTERS BRING ABOUT IN “IN ANOTHER COUNTRY” AND “KINO”
Abstract
The stories “In Another Country” in Men Without Women (1927) and “Kino” in Men Without Women (2014) are two different but profoundly related short stories written by Ernest Hemingway and Haruki Murakami respectively. Although these two short stories differ by virtue of spatial and temporal variables producing the cultural climate in which the two novelists lived and created their works, by reading these two short stories closely and comparatively, this study aims to point out, prove and comment that both stories reveal the same themes in their narratives as the problematization of men’s relationship with the women together with the impacts of the presence-absence of women figures on men’s lives. The men in “In Another Country” and “Kino”, whose identity crises and search for meaning together with their conditions are analyzed critically, are either proved to be ostensibly indifferent and have some sort of purported stamina or they are implicitly fragile and emotionally imbalanced due to the sorrows they go through and are not able to overcome. Examination of the stories unearths the psychologies of the male characters who have either misunderstood women or misinterpreted their existential conditions. By examining the two short stories critically and comparatively, this study aims to demonstrate while both stories indeed closely revolve around such notions of identity, love, life, unhappiness, isolation and search for meaning in the middle of literal and metaphorical crises due to the presence and absence of one’s beloved, it provides a chance of scrutinizing the intricate dynamics of male and female relationships as well. Focusing on the way through which the dichotomy of presence and absence of female protagonists directs the male protagonists’ course of lives and how it leads them to identity crises and the search for meaning, a comparative analysis and close reading of the two short stories in question are thought to provide rich and evocative results.
Keywords
Hemingway Murakami “In Another Country” “Kino” the Dichotomy of Presence and Absence Presence Identity Crisis Search for Meaning
Supporting Institution
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Project Number
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Thanks
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References
- Anderson, S. W. (2012). Readings of Trauma, Madness, and the Body. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dil, J. (2022). Haruki Murakami and the Search for Self-Therapy: Stories from the Second Basement. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Fantina, R. (2005). Ernest Hemingway: Machismo and Masochism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Fuminobu, M. (2005). Postmodern, feminist and postcolonial currents in contemporary Japanese Culture: A Reading of Murakami Haruki, Yoshimoto Banana, Yoshimoto Takaaki and Karatani Kōjin. New York: Routledge.
- Garrigues, L. (2004). Reading the Writer's Craft: The Hemingway Short Stories. The English Journal, 94 (1), 59-65. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4128849
- Hemingway, E. (1995). Men Without Women. Harmondsworth-Middlesex: Penguin Books.
- McAlpin, H. (2006). The Book Review Digest: Annual Accumulation. New York: H. W. Wilson Company.
- Miyoshi, M. (1991). Off Center: Power and Culture Relations between Japan and the United States. Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
- Murakami, H. (2017). Men Without Women. (Translated by: Philip Gabriel and Theodore Goossen), New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
- Sanderson, R. (1996). Hemingway and Gender History. In Scott Donaldson (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Hemingway, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sayers, N. (2020). The Promise of Nostalgia: Reminiscence, Longing and Hope in Contemporary American Culture. New York: Routledge.
- Snyder, S. (2018). Two Murakamis and Marcel Proust: Memory as Form in Contemporary Japanese Fiction. In Xiaobing Tang and Stephen Snyder (Eds.), In Pursuit of Contemporary East Asian Culture, New York: Routledge.
- Wagner-M. L. (2007). Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Life, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Willingham, K. G. (2002). The Sun Hasn’t Set Yet: Brett Ashley and the Code of Hero Debate. In Gloria Holland,
- Lawrence R. Broer (Eds.), Hemingway and Women: Female Critics and the Female Voice, Tuscaloosa-Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2023 |
| Submission Date | August 19, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Issue: 12 |
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