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Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 415 - 433

Arzu Tural Dikmen Serap Bedir Kara

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 19 yükselen piyasa ekonomisi için 1990-2019 periyodunda CO2 emisyonu, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensel ilişki yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve heterojenliği dikkate alan Konya (2006) panel nedensellik testi ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde çoğunlukla tarafsızlık hipotezi geçerlidir. Dolayısıyla, daha düşük CO2 emisyonuna neden olan çevre dostu politikalar büyümeyi olumsuz etkilemeden alternatif bir yol olarak yaygınlaştırılabilir. Bu amaçla vergi ve teşviklerle yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarının artması desteklenirken geleneksel enerji bağımlılığını azaltmaya yönelik küresel ölçekte kısıtlamaların daha katı ve kapsayıcı bir şekilde uygulanması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Konya nedensellik testi. CO2 emisyonu; yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ekonomik büyüme

References

  • Acaravcı, A., & Öztürk, I. (2010), “Electricity Consumption-Growth Nexus: Evidence from Panel Data for Transition Countries”, Energy Economics, 32(3), 604-608.
  • Ahmed, M. M., & Shimada, K. (2019), “The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption On Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Emerging and Developing Economies”, Energies, 12(15), 2954.
  • Akinlo, A. E. (2008), Energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from 11 Sub-Sahara African countries. Energy Economics, 30(5), 2391‒2400.
  • Akova, İ. (2003), “Dünya Enerji Sorunu Ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Kullanımı”, Coğrafya Dergisi, 11, 47-73.
  • Al-Mulali U, Fereidouni HG, Lee JY, Sab CNBC, (2013) Examining the bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2013; 22:209–22.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Ozturk, I., & Lean, H. H. (2015). The influence of economic growth, urbanization, trade openness, financial development, and renewable energy on pollution in Europe. Natural Hazards, 79, 621-644.
  • Alper, A., & Oguz, O. (2016). The role of renewable energy consumption in economic growth: Evidence from asymmetric causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959.
  • Antonakakis, N., Chatziantoniou, I., & Filis, G. (2017), “Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Growth: An Ethical Dilemma”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 808-824.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. (2009), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence Form the Commonwealth of Independent States”, Energy Economics, 31, 641–647.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010), The emissions, energy consumption, and growth nexus: evidence from the commonwealth of independent states, Energy Policy 38 (1) (2010) 650e655.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2011a), “A Dynamic Panel Study of Economic Development and the Electricity Consumption-Growth Nexus”, Energy Economics, 33(5), 770-781.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2011b). Renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption–growth nexus: evidence from emerging market economies. Applied energy, 88(12), 5226-5230.
  • Appiah, K., Du, J., Yeboah, M., & Appiah, R. (2019), Causal correlation between energy use and carbon emissions in selected emerging economies—panel model approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 7896-7912.
  • Bedir, S., & Yilmaz, V. M. (2016), “CO2 Emissions and Human Development in OECD Countries: Granger Causality Analysis with a Panel Data Approach”, Eurasian Economic Review, 6, 97-110.
  • Bekun, F. V., Alola, A. A., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2019), Toward a sustainable environment: Nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and nonrenewable energy in 16-EU countries. Science of the total Environment, 657, 1023-1029.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Bowden, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010). Sectoral analysis of the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real output in the US. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 5(4), 400-408.
  • Chang, C. C. & Carballo, C. F. S. (2011), Energy conservation and sustainable economic growth: The case of Latin America and the Caribbean. Energy Policy, 39(7), 4215‒4221.
  • Destek, M. A., & Aslan, A. (2017), “Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Bootstrap Panel Causality”, Renewable Energy, 111, 757-763.
  • Doğan, E. (2016), “Analyzing the Linkage Between Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth by Considering Structural Break in Time-Series Data”, Renewable energy, 99, 1126-1136.
  • Doǧan, I., Tülüce, N. S., Asker, E. & Gürbüz, S. (2014), “The Dynamic Effects of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth”, 2014 5th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC) (pp. 1-5), “ IEEE. doi: 10.1109/IREC.2014.6826908.
  • Dünya Bankası (2023), “Dünya Bankası Kalkınma Göstergeleri”, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2023).
  • Fu, Q., Álvarez-Otero, S., Sial, M. S., Comite, U., Zheng, P., Samad, S., & Oláh, J. (2021), “Impact of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions—Evidence from BRICS Countries”, Processes, 9(8), 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081281.
  • Garten, Jeffrey E. (1997), “The Big Ten: the Big Emerging Markets and How They Will Change Our Lives”, BasicBooks, 13-14.
  • Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigation Causal Relationships by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectal Methods, 37, 424-438.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.
  • Hoskisson, R. E., Eden, L., Lau, C. M., & Wright, M. (2000), “Strategy in Emerging Economies”, Academy of management journal, 43(3), 249-267.
  • IEA, “Global Energy Review: CO2 Emissions in 2022”, International Energy Agency. www.iea.org. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2023).
  • Ito, K. (2017). CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and economic growth: Evidence from panel data for developing countries. International Economics, 151, 1-6.
  • Ivanovski, K., Hailemariam, A., & Smyth, R. (2021), “The Effect of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Non-Parametric Evidence”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 286, 1-15.
  • Jobert, T. & Karanfil, F. (2007), “Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 35 (11), 5447–5456.
  • Khoshnevis Yazdi, S. & Khanalizadeh, B. (2017), “Renewable Energy, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economıcs, Plannıng, And Polıcy, 12(12), 1038–1045.
  • Kim, S., Lee, K., & Nam, K. (2010), “The Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: The Case of Korea with Nonlinear Evidence”, Energy Policy, 38, 5938–5946.
  • Konya, L., (2006), “Export and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries with a Panel Data Approach”, Economic Modelling, 23, 978–992.
  • Lee, C. C. (2005), “Energy Consumption and GDP in Developing Countries: a Cointegrated Panel Analysis”, Energy economics, 27(3), 415-427.
  • Lee, J. W. (2019), “Long-Run Dynamics of Renewable Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Tte European Union”, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26(1), 69-78.
  • Liu, X. (2021). The impact of renewable energy, trade, economic growth on CO2 emissions in China. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 78(4), 588-607.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2011), Growth and renewable energy in Europe: a random effect model with evidence for neutrality hypothesis. Energy Economics, 33(2), 257‒263.
  • Morgan Stanley Capital International. (2023), “MSCI Emerging Markets Index”, https://www.msci.com/emerging-markets (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2023).
  • Öcal, O., Aslan, A., (2013), Renewable energy consumption – economic growth nexus in Turkey. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 28, 494–499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. rser.2013.08.036.
  • Özcan, B., & Özturk, I. (2019), Renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus in emerging countries: A bootstrap panel causality test. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 30-37.
  • Özturk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2010), CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 3220-3225.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010), A literature survey on energy–growth nexus. Energy Policy, 38(1), 340‒349.
  • Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, T., (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50–93.
  • Pesaran, A. H., Ullah, A. ve Yamagata, T. (2008), “A Bias-Adjusted LM Tets of Error Cross-Section Independence”, Econometrics Journal, Sayı:2, 105-1127.
  • Pao, H. T., & Fu, H. C. (2013). Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and economic growth in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 381-392.
  • Qudrat-Ullah, H. & Nevo, C. M. (2021), “The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Sustainability on Economic Growth in Africa”, Energy Reports, 7, 3877–3886.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable energy consumption and income in emerging economies. Energy policy, 37(10), 4021-4028.
  • Salim, R. A., & Rafiq, S. (2012). Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy?. Energy economics, 34(4), 1051-1057.
  • Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Zeshan, M., & Zaman, K. (2015), “Does Renewable Energy Consumption Add in Economic Growth? An Application of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model in Pakistan”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 576-585.
  • Soytas, U., & Sari, R. (2003), Energy consumption and GDP: causality relationship in G-7 countries and emerging markets. Energy economics, 25(1), 33-37.
  • Soytas, U., Sari, R., & Ewing, B. T. (2007), “Energy Consumption, Income, and Carbon Emissions in the United States”, Ecological Economics, 62(3-4), 482-489.
  • Soytas, U., & Sari, R. (2009), “Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: Challenges Faced by an EU Candidate Member”, Ecological Economics, 68, 1667–1675.
  • Taş, S. & İspiroğlu, F. (2017), “Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 225-242.
  • Tuğcu, C.T., Özturk, I., & Aslan, A. (2012), “Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Relationship Revisited: Evidence from G7 Countries”, Energy Economics, 34, 1942–1950.
  • Xie, P., Zhu, Z., Hu G. & Huang, J. (2023), “Renewable Energy and Economic Growth Hypothesis: Evidence from N-11 Countries”, Economıc Research-Ekonomska Istražıvanja, 36(1), 1-21.
  • Vaona, A. (2016), “The Effect of Renewable Energy Generation on Import Demand”, Renewable Energy, 86, 354–359.
  • Yıldırım, E., Sukruoglu, D. & Aslan, A. (2014), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Next 11 Countries: The Bootstrapped Autoregressive Metric Causality Approach”, Energy Economics, 44, 14-21.
  • Zhang, X. P., & Cheng, X. M. (2009), “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China”, Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2706-2712.

The Relationship between CO2 Emission, Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Emerging Market Economies

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 415 - 433

Arzu Tural Dikmen Serap Bedir Kara

Abstract

In this study, the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth for 19 emerging market economies during the period of 1990-2019 was examined using the Konya (2006) panel causality test, considering cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. According to the findings, the neutrality hypothesis is mostly valid in emerging market economies. Therefore, environmentally friendly policies that lead to lower CO2 emissions can be promoted as an alternative path without negatively affecting economic growth. In this regard, it is recommended to increase renewable energy investments through taxes and incentives while implementing more stringent and comprehensive global restrictions to reduce traditional energy dependence.

Keywords

Konya Causality Test CO2 emissions,renewable energy economic growth

References

  • Acaravcı, A., & Öztürk, I. (2010), “Electricity Consumption-Growth Nexus: Evidence from Panel Data for Transition Countries”, Energy Economics, 32(3), 604-608.
  • Ahmed, M. M., & Shimada, K. (2019), “The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption On Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Emerging and Developing Economies”, Energies, 12(15), 2954.
  • Akinlo, A. E. (2008), Energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from 11 Sub-Sahara African countries. Energy Economics, 30(5), 2391‒2400.
  • Akova, İ. (2003), “Dünya Enerji Sorunu Ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Kullanımı”, Coğrafya Dergisi, 11, 47-73.
  • Al-Mulali U, Fereidouni HG, Lee JY, Sab CNBC, (2013) Examining the bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2013; 22:209–22.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Ozturk, I., & Lean, H. H. (2015). The influence of economic growth, urbanization, trade openness, financial development, and renewable energy on pollution in Europe. Natural Hazards, 79, 621-644.
  • Alper, A., & Oguz, O. (2016). The role of renewable energy consumption in economic growth: Evidence from asymmetric causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959.
  • Antonakakis, N., Chatziantoniou, I., & Filis, G. (2017), “Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Growth: An Ethical Dilemma”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 808-824.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. (2009), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence Form the Commonwealth of Independent States”, Energy Economics, 31, 641–647.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010), The emissions, energy consumption, and growth nexus: evidence from the commonwealth of independent states, Energy Policy 38 (1) (2010) 650e655.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2011a), “A Dynamic Panel Study of Economic Development and the Electricity Consumption-Growth Nexus”, Energy Economics, 33(5), 770-781.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2011b). Renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption–growth nexus: evidence from emerging market economies. Applied energy, 88(12), 5226-5230.
  • Appiah, K., Du, J., Yeboah, M., & Appiah, R. (2019), Causal correlation between energy use and carbon emissions in selected emerging economies—panel model approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 7896-7912.
  • Bedir, S., & Yilmaz, V. M. (2016), “CO2 Emissions and Human Development in OECD Countries: Granger Causality Analysis with a Panel Data Approach”, Eurasian Economic Review, 6, 97-110.
  • Bekun, F. V., Alola, A. A., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2019), Toward a sustainable environment: Nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and nonrenewable energy in 16-EU countries. Science of the total Environment, 657, 1023-1029.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Bowden, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010). Sectoral analysis of the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real output in the US. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 5(4), 400-408.
  • Chang, C. C. & Carballo, C. F. S. (2011), Energy conservation and sustainable economic growth: The case of Latin America and the Caribbean. Energy Policy, 39(7), 4215‒4221.
  • Destek, M. A., & Aslan, A. (2017), “Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Bootstrap Panel Causality”, Renewable Energy, 111, 757-763.
  • Doğan, E. (2016), “Analyzing the Linkage Between Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth by Considering Structural Break in Time-Series Data”, Renewable energy, 99, 1126-1136.
  • Doǧan, I., Tülüce, N. S., Asker, E. & Gürbüz, S. (2014), “The Dynamic Effects of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth”, 2014 5th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC) (pp. 1-5), “ IEEE. doi: 10.1109/IREC.2014.6826908.
  • Dünya Bankası (2023), “Dünya Bankası Kalkınma Göstergeleri”, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2023).
  • Fu, Q., Álvarez-Otero, S., Sial, M. S., Comite, U., Zheng, P., Samad, S., & Oláh, J. (2021), “Impact of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions—Evidence from BRICS Countries”, Processes, 9(8), 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081281.
  • Garten, Jeffrey E. (1997), “The Big Ten: the Big Emerging Markets and How They Will Change Our Lives”, BasicBooks, 13-14.
  • Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigation Causal Relationships by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectal Methods, 37, 424-438.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.
  • Hoskisson, R. E., Eden, L., Lau, C. M., & Wright, M. (2000), “Strategy in Emerging Economies”, Academy of management journal, 43(3), 249-267.
  • IEA, “Global Energy Review: CO2 Emissions in 2022”, International Energy Agency. www.iea.org. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2023).
  • Ito, K. (2017). CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and economic growth: Evidence from panel data for developing countries. International Economics, 151, 1-6.
  • Ivanovski, K., Hailemariam, A., & Smyth, R. (2021), “The Effect of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Non-Parametric Evidence”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 286, 1-15.
  • Jobert, T. & Karanfil, F. (2007), “Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 35 (11), 5447–5456.
  • Khoshnevis Yazdi, S. & Khanalizadeh, B. (2017), “Renewable Energy, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economıcs, Plannıng, And Polıcy, 12(12), 1038–1045.
  • Kim, S., Lee, K., & Nam, K. (2010), “The Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: The Case of Korea with Nonlinear Evidence”, Energy Policy, 38, 5938–5946.
  • Konya, L., (2006), “Export and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries with a Panel Data Approach”, Economic Modelling, 23, 978–992.
  • Lee, C. C. (2005), “Energy Consumption and GDP in Developing Countries: a Cointegrated Panel Analysis”, Energy economics, 27(3), 415-427.
  • Lee, J. W. (2019), “Long-Run Dynamics of Renewable Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Tte European Union”, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26(1), 69-78.
  • Liu, X. (2021). The impact of renewable energy, trade, economic growth on CO2 emissions in China. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 78(4), 588-607.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2011), Growth and renewable energy in Europe: a random effect model with evidence for neutrality hypothesis. Energy Economics, 33(2), 257‒263.
  • Morgan Stanley Capital International. (2023), “MSCI Emerging Markets Index”, https://www.msci.com/emerging-markets (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2023).
  • Öcal, O., Aslan, A., (2013), Renewable energy consumption – economic growth nexus in Turkey. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 28, 494–499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. rser.2013.08.036.
  • Özcan, B., & Özturk, I. (2019), Renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus in emerging countries: A bootstrap panel causality test. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 30-37.
  • Özturk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2010), CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 3220-3225.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010), A literature survey on energy–growth nexus. Energy Policy, 38(1), 340‒349.
  • Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, T., (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50–93.
  • Pesaran, A. H., Ullah, A. ve Yamagata, T. (2008), “A Bias-Adjusted LM Tets of Error Cross-Section Independence”, Econometrics Journal, Sayı:2, 105-1127.
  • Pao, H. T., & Fu, H. C. (2013). Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and economic growth in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 381-392.
  • Qudrat-Ullah, H. & Nevo, C. M. (2021), “The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Sustainability on Economic Growth in Africa”, Energy Reports, 7, 3877–3886.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable energy consumption and income in emerging economies. Energy policy, 37(10), 4021-4028.
  • Salim, R. A., & Rafiq, S. (2012). Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy?. Energy economics, 34(4), 1051-1057.
  • Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Zeshan, M., & Zaman, K. (2015), “Does Renewable Energy Consumption Add in Economic Growth? An Application of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model in Pakistan”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 576-585.
  • Soytas, U., & Sari, R. (2003), Energy consumption and GDP: causality relationship in G-7 countries and emerging markets. Energy economics, 25(1), 33-37.
  • Soytas, U., Sari, R., & Ewing, B. T. (2007), “Energy Consumption, Income, and Carbon Emissions in the United States”, Ecological Economics, 62(3-4), 482-489.
  • Soytas, U., & Sari, R. (2009), “Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: Challenges Faced by an EU Candidate Member”, Ecological Economics, 68, 1667–1675.
  • Taş, S. & İspiroğlu, F. (2017), “Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 225-242.
  • Tuğcu, C.T., Özturk, I., & Aslan, A. (2012), “Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Relationship Revisited: Evidence from G7 Countries”, Energy Economics, 34, 1942–1950.
  • Xie, P., Zhu, Z., Hu G. & Huang, J. (2023), “Renewable Energy and Economic Growth Hypothesis: Evidence from N-11 Countries”, Economıc Research-Ekonomska Istražıvanja, 36(1), 1-21.
  • Vaona, A. (2016), “The Effect of Renewable Energy Generation on Import Demand”, Renewable Energy, 86, 354–359.
  • Yıldırım, E., Sukruoglu, D. & Aslan, A. (2014), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Next 11 Countries: The Bootstrapped Autoregressive Metric Causality Approach”, Energy Economics, 44, 14-21.
  • Zhang, X. P., & Cheng, X. M. (2009), “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China”, Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2706-2712.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Panel Data Analysis, Applied Macroeconometrics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Arzu Tural Dikmen 0000-0003-1616-1792

Serap Bedir Kara 0000-0001-7459-8533

Publication Date
Submission Date August 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tural Dikmen, A., & Bedir Kara, S. (n.d.). Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 415-433.
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