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Uluslararası havalelerin yoksulluk üzerindeki etkinliği: Ülkelerarası analizden kanıtlar

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 963 - 978, 25.10.2022

Abstract

Bu makale, zengin bir veri ortamında uluslararası para transferlerinin yoksulluk üzerindeki etkisini incelemeteyi amaçlamaktadır. Uluslararası havaleler, geride kalan aile üyelerinin refahını iyileştirdiği ve alıcı ülkelerin ekonomik koşullarını iyileştirdiği için literatürde yoksulluğu azaltma programlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. İlgili literatür dikkatlice incelendikten sonra, yoksulluğun belirleyicilerini ve yoksulluk ile uluslararası havaleler arasındaki çift yönlü ilişkiyi göstermek için havuzlanmış sıradan en küçük kareler (Havuzlanmış EKK), kukla değişkenli en küçük kareler (KDEKK) ve üç aşamalı en küçük kareler (3AEK) modelleri oluşturulmaktadır. Ampirik bulgular, kişi başı gayri safi yurt içi hasıla, gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği ve uluslararası havalelerin yoksulluk üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Uluslararası havalelerdeki %10'luk artış yaşam giderleri kişi başı günlük 1,90 ABD dolarının altında olan nüfusun yoksulluk düzeyini %0,7 ile %1,7 arasında azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışma, daha geniş veri setini ve çeşitli panel veri regresyon modellerini kullanarak uluslararası para transferleri ve yoksulluk bağına ilişkin mevcut literatürü daha kapsamlı bir çerçevede genişletmektedir.

References

  • Acosta, P. A., Lartey, E. K., & Mandelman, F. S. (2009). Remittances and the Dutch disease. Journal of International Economics, 79(1), 102-116.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr. (1991). The effects of international remittances on poverty, inequality and development in rural Egypt. International Food Policy Research Institute, 86, Washington, DC.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr. (2011). Evaluating the economic impact of international remittances on developing countries using household surveys: A literature review. Journal of Development Studies, 47(6), 809828.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr., & Cuecuecha, A. (2013). The impact of remittances on investment and poverty in Ghana. World Development, 50, 24-40.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr., & Page, J. (2005). Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries?. World Development, 33(10), 1645-1669.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr., & Page, J. (2003). International migration, remittances, and poverty in developing countries. World Bank Policy Research Working Papers, 3179.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr. (1998). Remittances, investment, and rural asset accumulation in Pakistan. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47(1), 155-173.
  • Ahmed, J., Mughal, M., & Martínez‐Zarzoso, I. (2021). Sending money home: Transaction cost and remittances to developing countries. The World Economy, 44(8), 2433-2459.
  • Akobeng, E. (2016). Out of inequality and poverty: Evidence for the effectiveness of remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 60, 207-223.
  • Anyanwu, J. C., & Erhijakpor, A. E. (2010). Do international remittances affect poverty in Africa?. African Development Review, 22(1), 51-91.
  • Bertoli, S., & Marchetta, F. (2014). Migration, remittances and poverty in Ecuador. The Journal of Development Studies, 50(8), 1067-1089.
  • Bourdet, Y., & Falck, H. (2006). Emigrants' remittances and Dutch disease in Cape Verde. International Economic Journal, 20(3), 267-284.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287-1294.
  • Chami, R., Fullenkamp, C., & Jahjah, S. (2005). Are immigrant remittance flows a source of capital for development?. IMF Staff Papers, 52(1), 55-81.
  • Chowdhury, M. B., & Chakraborty, M. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on the migrant workers and remittances flow to Bangladesh. South Asian Survey, 28(1), 38-56.
  • De la Fuente, A. (2010). Remittances and vulnerability to poverty in rural Mexico. World Development, 38(6), 828839. De Haas, H. (2005). International migration, remittances and development: Myths and facts. Third World Quarterly, 26(8), 1269-1284.
  • Freund, C., & Spatafora, N. (2008). Remittances, transaction costs, and informality. Journal of Development Economics, 86(2), 356-366.
  • Gubert, F. (2005). Migrant remittances and their impact on development in the home economies: the case of Africa. Migration, Remittances and Development, 41-63.
  • Guha, P. (2013). Macroeconomic effects of international remittances: The case of developing economies. Economic Modelling, 33, 292-305.
  • Gupta, S., Pattillo, C. A., & Wagh, S. (2009). Effect of remittances on poverty and financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 37(1), 104-115.
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46, 1251-1272.
  • Imai, K. S., Gaiha, R., Ali, A., & Kaicker, N. (2014). Remittances, growth and poverty: New evidence from Asian countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 36(3), 524-538.
  • IMF (2009). Balance of payments and international investment position manual. International Monetary Fund.
  • Inoue, T. (2018). Financial development, remittances, and poverty reduction: Empirical evidence from a macroeconomic viewpoint. Journal of Economics and Business, 96, 59-68.
  • Kumar, B. (2019). The impact of international remittances on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Remittances Review, 4(1), 67-86.
  • Masron, T. A., & Subramaniam, Y. (2018). Remittance and poverty in developing countries. International Journal of Development Issues, 17(1), 305-325.
  • Meyer, D., & Shera, A. (2017). The impact of remittances on economic growth: An econometric model. EconomiA, 18(2), 147-155.
  • Peković, D. (2017). The effects of remittances on poverty alleviation in transition countries. Journal of International Studies, 10(4), 37-46.
  • Qayyum, A., Javid, M., & Arif, U. (2008). Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty: Evidence from Pakistan. Munich Personal Repec Archive, 22941.
  • Ravallion, M. (1997). Can high-inequality developing countries escape absolute poverty?. Economics Letters, 56, 51-57.
  • Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (1997). What can new survey data tell us about recent changes in distribution and poverty?. World Bank Economic Review, 11, 357-382.
  • Roy, R., & Dixon, R. (2016). Workers’ remittances and the Dutch disease in South Asian countries. Applied Economics Letters, 23(6), 407-410.
  • Rozelle, S., Taylor, J. E., & DeBrauw, A. (1999). Migration, remittances, and agricultural productivity in China. American Economic Review, 89(2), 287-291.
  • Stark, O., & Lucas, R. E. (1988). Migration, remittances, and the family. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36(3), 465-481.
  • Taylor, J. E. (1999). The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process. International Migration, 37(1), 63-88.
  • Taylor, J. E. (1992). Remittances and inequality reconsidered: Direct, indirect, and intertemporal effects. Journal of Policy Modeling, 14(2), 187-208.
  • Tsaurai, K. (2018). The impact of remittances on poverty alleviation in selected emerging markets. Comparative Economic Research, 21(2), 51-68.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2011). Impact of remittances on poverty in developing countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva.
  • Wagle, U. R., & Devkota, S. (2018). The impact of foreign remittances on poverty in Nepal: A panel study of household survey data, 1996–2011. World Development, 110, 38-50.
  • World Bank. (2013). Migration and development brief. 20, Washington DC.
  • Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., & Otsuka, M. (2017). International remittances and poverty reduction: Evidence from Asian developing countries. Asian Development Bank Institute Working Papers, 759.

Effectiveness of the international remittances on poverty: Evidence from cross-country analysis

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 963 - 978, 25.10.2022

Abstract

This paper focuses on the impact of international remittances on poverty in a rich environment. After a careful review of the relevant literature, various pooled ordinary least squares (Pooled OLS), dummy variable least squares (DVLS), and three-stage least squares (3SLS) models are constructed. The empirical results show that gross domestic product per capita, inequality in income distribution, and international remittances have a statistically significant impact on poverty. A 10% increase in international remittances reduced the poverty level of the portion of the population whose cost of living is less than $1.90 per person per day between 0.7% and 1.7%. This paper broadens the existing literature on the relationship between international remittances and poverty in a more comprehensive framework by using a broader data set and different panel data regression models.

References

  • Acosta, P. A., Lartey, E. K., & Mandelman, F. S. (2009). Remittances and the Dutch disease. Journal of International Economics, 79(1), 102-116.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr. (1991). The effects of international remittances on poverty, inequality and development in rural Egypt. International Food Policy Research Institute, 86, Washington, DC.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr. (2011). Evaluating the economic impact of international remittances on developing countries using household surveys: A literature review. Journal of Development Studies, 47(6), 809828.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr., & Cuecuecha, A. (2013). The impact of remittances on investment and poverty in Ghana. World Development, 50, 24-40.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr., & Page, J. (2005). Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries?. World Development, 33(10), 1645-1669.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr., & Page, J. (2003). International migration, remittances, and poverty in developing countries. World Bank Policy Research Working Papers, 3179.
  • Adams, R. H., Jr. (1998). Remittances, investment, and rural asset accumulation in Pakistan. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47(1), 155-173.
  • Ahmed, J., Mughal, M., & Martínez‐Zarzoso, I. (2021). Sending money home: Transaction cost and remittances to developing countries. The World Economy, 44(8), 2433-2459.
  • Akobeng, E. (2016). Out of inequality and poverty: Evidence for the effectiveness of remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 60, 207-223.
  • Anyanwu, J. C., & Erhijakpor, A. E. (2010). Do international remittances affect poverty in Africa?. African Development Review, 22(1), 51-91.
  • Bertoli, S., & Marchetta, F. (2014). Migration, remittances and poverty in Ecuador. The Journal of Development Studies, 50(8), 1067-1089.
  • Bourdet, Y., & Falck, H. (2006). Emigrants' remittances and Dutch disease in Cape Verde. International Economic Journal, 20(3), 267-284.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287-1294.
  • Chami, R., Fullenkamp, C., & Jahjah, S. (2005). Are immigrant remittance flows a source of capital for development?. IMF Staff Papers, 52(1), 55-81.
  • Chowdhury, M. B., & Chakraborty, M. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on the migrant workers and remittances flow to Bangladesh. South Asian Survey, 28(1), 38-56.
  • De la Fuente, A. (2010). Remittances and vulnerability to poverty in rural Mexico. World Development, 38(6), 828839. De Haas, H. (2005). International migration, remittances and development: Myths and facts. Third World Quarterly, 26(8), 1269-1284.
  • Freund, C., & Spatafora, N. (2008). Remittances, transaction costs, and informality. Journal of Development Economics, 86(2), 356-366.
  • Gubert, F. (2005). Migrant remittances and their impact on development in the home economies: the case of Africa. Migration, Remittances and Development, 41-63.
  • Guha, P. (2013). Macroeconomic effects of international remittances: The case of developing economies. Economic Modelling, 33, 292-305.
  • Gupta, S., Pattillo, C. A., & Wagh, S. (2009). Effect of remittances on poverty and financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 37(1), 104-115.
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46, 1251-1272.
  • Imai, K. S., Gaiha, R., Ali, A., & Kaicker, N. (2014). Remittances, growth and poverty: New evidence from Asian countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 36(3), 524-538.
  • IMF (2009). Balance of payments and international investment position manual. International Monetary Fund.
  • Inoue, T. (2018). Financial development, remittances, and poverty reduction: Empirical evidence from a macroeconomic viewpoint. Journal of Economics and Business, 96, 59-68.
  • Kumar, B. (2019). The impact of international remittances on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Remittances Review, 4(1), 67-86.
  • Masron, T. A., & Subramaniam, Y. (2018). Remittance and poverty in developing countries. International Journal of Development Issues, 17(1), 305-325.
  • Meyer, D., & Shera, A. (2017). The impact of remittances on economic growth: An econometric model. EconomiA, 18(2), 147-155.
  • Peković, D. (2017). The effects of remittances on poverty alleviation in transition countries. Journal of International Studies, 10(4), 37-46.
  • Qayyum, A., Javid, M., & Arif, U. (2008). Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty: Evidence from Pakistan. Munich Personal Repec Archive, 22941.
  • Ravallion, M. (1997). Can high-inequality developing countries escape absolute poverty?. Economics Letters, 56, 51-57.
  • Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (1997). What can new survey data tell us about recent changes in distribution and poverty?. World Bank Economic Review, 11, 357-382.
  • Roy, R., & Dixon, R. (2016). Workers’ remittances and the Dutch disease in South Asian countries. Applied Economics Letters, 23(6), 407-410.
  • Rozelle, S., Taylor, J. E., & DeBrauw, A. (1999). Migration, remittances, and agricultural productivity in China. American Economic Review, 89(2), 287-291.
  • Stark, O., & Lucas, R. E. (1988). Migration, remittances, and the family. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36(3), 465-481.
  • Taylor, J. E. (1999). The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process. International Migration, 37(1), 63-88.
  • Taylor, J. E. (1992). Remittances and inequality reconsidered: Direct, indirect, and intertemporal effects. Journal of Policy Modeling, 14(2), 187-208.
  • Tsaurai, K. (2018). The impact of remittances on poverty alleviation in selected emerging markets. Comparative Economic Research, 21(2), 51-68.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2011). Impact of remittances on poverty in developing countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva.
  • Wagle, U. R., & Devkota, S. (2018). The impact of foreign remittances on poverty in Nepal: A panel study of household survey data, 1996–2011. World Development, 110, 38-50.
  • World Bank. (2013). Migration and development brief. 20, Washington DC.
  • Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., & Otsuka, M. (2017). International remittances and poverty reduction: Evidence from Asian developing countries. Asian Development Bank Institute Working Papers, 759.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Gizem Can 0000-0002-2852-4995

Ufuk Can 0000-0002-5398-5769

Harun Bal 0000-0003-0878-8253

Early Pub Date October 26, 2022
Publication Date October 25, 2022
Submission Date May 17, 2022
Acceptance Date August 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Can, Z. G., Can, U., & Bal, H. (2022). Effectiveness of the international remittances on poverty: Evidence from cross-country analysis. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(4), 963-978.

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