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Picky Eating and Risk Factors in Children

Year 2018, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 85 - 102, 03.12.2018

Abstract

Picky eating is one of the common feeding problems in childhood. It consists of a combination of various eating behaviors, characterized by the rejection of both familiar and novel foods, strong food preference, inadequate amounts or variety of food consumption. Temporary or mild picky eating behaviors can be seen as a part of normal development. However, picky eating in early childhood may in some cases be a predictor of avoidant/restrictive eating disorders. Picky eating behaviors have the potential to adversely affect food consumption in children, diet quality, normal growth and future health outcomes. It is important to determine the risk factors for picky eating when picky eating behaviors that are common in early childhood can persist in school years and even in adulthood, and negative health outcomes are taken into consideration. Most picky eating behaviors can be corrected without any intervention. However, nutrition education should be given to both parents to improve their knowledge of child nutrition and to reduce their anxiety. In this review article, assessment methods used in current studies, the prevalence of picky eating, characteristics of nutrient intake and risk factors affecting development and approach to picky eating were examined.

References

  • 1. Birch, L, Savage JS, Ventura A. Influences on the development of children's eating behaviours: from infancy to adolescence. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research: A Publication of Dietitians of Canada 2007;68:1.
  • 2. Cooke L, Higgins C, McCrann Ú. Managing common feeding difficulties in toddlers and pre-school children. Paediatrics and Child Health 2017;27:366-370.
  • 3. Kerzner B, Milano K, MacLean WC, Berall G, Stuart S, Chatoor I. A practical approach to classifying and managing feeding difficulties. Pediatrics 2015;135:344-353.
  • 4. Bryant-Waugh R. Feeding and eating disorders in children. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2013;26:537-542.
  • 5. Toyama H, Agras WS. A test to identify persistent picky eaters. Eating Behaviors 2016;23:66-69.
  • 6. Taylor CM, Wernimont SM, Northstone K, Emmett PM. Picky/fussy eating in children: Review of definitions, assessment, prevalence and dietary intakes. Appetite 2015;95:349-359.
  • 7. Dovey TM, Staples PA, Gibson EL, Halford JC. Food neophobia and ‘picky/fussy’eating in children: a review. Appetite 2008;50:181-193.
  • 8. Lumeng J. Picky eating. In: Parker S ZB, Augustyn ME (eds). Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: A Handbook for Primary Care. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
  • 9. Boquin MM, Moskowitz HR, Donovan SM, Lee SY. Defining perceptions of picky eating obtained through focus groups and conjoint analysis. Journal of Sensory Studies 2014a;29:126-138.
  • 10. Volger S, Sheng XY, Tong LM, Zhao DM, Fan T, Zhang F, et al. Nutrient intake and dietary patterns in children 2.5-5 years of age with picky eating behaviors and low weight-for-height. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2017;26:104-109.
  • 11. Mitchell GL, Farrow C, Haycraft E, Meyer C. Parental influences on children’s eating behaviour and characteristics of successful parent-focussed interventions. Appetite 2013;60:85-94.
  • 12. Steinsbekk S, Bonneville-Roussy A, Fildes A, Llewellyn CH, Wichstrøm L. Child and parent predictors of picky eating from preschool to school age. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2017;14:87.
  • 13. Lafraire J, Rioux C, Giboreau A, Picard D. Food rejections in children: Cognitive and social/environmental factors involved in food neophobia and picky/fussy eating behavior. Appetite 2016;96:347-357.
  • 14. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey CN, Sawyer R, Johnson SL. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite 2001;36:201-210.
  • 15. Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L. Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 2001;42:963-970.
  • 16. Mascola AJ, Bryson SW, Agras WS. Picky eating during childhood: A longitudinal study to age 11years. Eating Behaviors 2010;11:253-257.
  • 17. Carruth BR, Ziegler PJ, Gordon A, Barr SI. Prevalence of picky eaters among infants and toddlers and their caregiver's decisions about offering a new food. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2004;104:57−64.
  • 18. Boquin M, Smith‐Simpson S, Donovan SM, Lee SY. Mealtime behaviors and food consumption of perceived picky and nonpicky eaters through home use test. Journal of Food Science 2014b;79:2523-2532.
  • 19. Cano SC, Hoek HW, Bryant-Waugh R. Picky eating: the current state of research. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2015a;28:448-454.
  • 20. Gibson EL, Cooke L. Understanding Food Fussiness and Its Implications for Food Choice, Health, Weight and Interventions in Young Children: The Impact of Professor Jane Wardle. Current Obesity Reports 2017;6:46-56.
  • 21. Ong C, Phuah KY, Salazar E, How CH. Managing the ‘picky eater’dilemma. Singapore Medical Journal 2014;55:184.
  • 22. Orun E, Erdil Z, Cetinkaya S, Tufan N, Yalcin SS. Problematic eating behaviour in Turkish children aged 12-72 months: characteristics of mothers and children. Central European Journal of Public Health 2012;20:257-261.
  • 23. Cano SC, Tiemeier H, Van Hoeken D, Tharner A, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, et al. Trajectories of picky eating during childhood: a general population study. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2015b;48:570-579.
  • 24. Machado BC, Dias P, Lima VS, Campos J, Gonçalves S. Prevalence and correlates of picky eating in preschool-aged children: A population-based study. Eating Behaviors 2016;22:16-21.
  • 25. Xue Y, Lee E, Ning K, Zheng Y, Ma D, Gao H, et al. Prevalence of picky eating behaviour in Chinese school-age children and associations with anthropometric parameters and intelligence quotient. A cross-sectional study. Appetite 2015;91:248-255.
  • 26. Goh DY, Jacob A. Perception of picky eating among children in Singapore and its impact on caregivers: a questionnaire survey. Asia Pacific Family Medicine 2012;11:5.
  • 27. Tharner A, Jansen PW, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Moll HA, van der Ende J, Jaddoe VW, et al. Toward an operative diagnosis of fussy/picky eating: a latent profile approach in a population-based cohort. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2014;11:14.
  • 28. Taylor CM, Northstone K, Wernimont SM, Emmett PM. Macro-and micronutrient intakes in picky eaters: a cause for concern?. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016;104:1647-1656.
  • 29. Kwon KM, Shim JE, Kang M, Paik HY. Association between Picky Eating Behaviors and Nutritional Status in Early Childhood: Performance of a Picky Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Nutrients 2017;9:463.
  • 30. Li Z, van der Horst K, Edelson-Fries LR, Yu K, You L, Zhang Y, et al. Perceptions of food intake and weight status among parents of picky eating infants and toddlers in China: A cross-sectional study. Appetite 2017;108:456-463.
  • 31. van der Horst K, Deming DM, Lesniauskas R, Carr BT, Reidy KC. Picky eating: Associations with child eating characteristics and food intake. Appetite 2016;103:286-293.
  • 32. Haszard JJ, Skidmore PM, Williams SM, Taylor RW. Associations between parental feeding practices, problem food behaviours and dietary intake in New Zealand overweight children aged 4–8 years. Public Health Nutrition 2015;18:1036-1043.
  • 33. Rohde JF, Händel MN, Stougaard M, Olsen NJ, Trærup M, Mortensen EL, et al. Relationship between pickiness and subsequent development in body mass index and diet intake in obesity prone normal weight preschool children. PloS One 2017;12:e0172772.
  • 34. Holley CE, Haycraft E, Farrow C. Predicting children's fussiness with vegetables: The role of feeding practices. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2018;14:1-9.
  • 35. Dubois L, Diasparra M, Bédard B, Kaprio J, Fontaine-Bisson B, Tremblay R, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on eating behaviors in 2.5-and 9-year-old children: a longitudinal twin study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2013;10:134.
  • 36. Smith AD, Herle M, Fildes A, Cooke L, Steinsbekk S, Llewellyn CH. Food fussiness and food neophobia share a common etiology in early childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2017;58:189-196.
  • 37. Fildes A, van Jaarsveld CH, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Cooke L, Wardle J. Nature and nurture in children’s food preferences–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2014;99:911-917.
  • 38. Golding J, Steer C, Emmett P, Bartoshuk LM, Horwood J, Smith GD. Associations between the ability to detect a bitter taste, dietary behavior, and growth. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2009;1170:553-557.
  • 39. Hafstad GS, Abebe DS, Torgersen L, von Soest T. Picky eating in preschool children: The predictive role of the child's temperament and mother's negative affectivity. Eating Behaviors 2013;14:274-277.
  • 40. Chao HC, Chang HL. Picky eating behaviors linked to inappropriate caregiver–child interaction, caregiver intervention, and impaired general development in children. Pediatrics & Neonatology 2017;58:22-28.
  • 41. Brown CL, Perrin EM, Peterson KE, Herb HEB, Horodynski MA, Contreras D, et al. Association of Picky Eating With Weight Status and Dietary Quality Among Low-Income Preschoolers. Academic Pediatrics 2018;18:334–341.
  • 42. Thompson SD, Bruns DA, Rains KW. Picky eating habits or sensory processing issues? Exploring feeding difficulties in infants and toddlers. Young Exceptional Children 2010;13:71-85.
  • 43. Werthmann J, Jansen A, Havermans R, Nederkoorn C, Kremers S, Roefs A. Bits and pieces. Food texture influences food acceptance in young children. Appetite 2015;84:181-187.
  • 44. Nederkoorn C, Jansen A, Havermans RC. Feel your food. The influence of tactile sensitivity on picky eating in children. Appetite 2015;84:7-10.
  • 45. Harris HA, Fildes A, Mallan KM, Llewellyn CH. Maternal feeding practices and fussy eating in toddlerhood: a discordant twin analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2016;13:81.
  • 46. Shloim N, Edelson LR, Martin N, Hetherington MM. Parenting styles, feeding styles, feeding practices, and weight status in 4–12 year-old children: a systematic review of the literature. Frontiers in Psychology 2015;6:1849.
  • 47. Brown CL, Pesch MH, Perrin EM, Appugliese DP, Miller AL, Rosenblum K, et al. Maternal concern for child undereating. Academic Pediatrics 2016;16:777-782.
  • 48. Gregory JE, Paxton SJ, Brozovic AM. Pressure to eat and restriction are associated with child eating behaviours and maternal concern about child weight, but not child body mass index, in 2-to 4-year-old children. Appetite 2010;54:550-556.
  • 49. Jansen PW, de Barse LM, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, Franco OH, Tiemeier H. Bi-directional associations between child fussy eating and parents' pressure to eat: Who influences whom?. Physiology & Behavior 2017;176:101-106.
  • 50. Powell F, Farrow C, Meyer C, Haycraft E. The importance of mealtime structure for reducing child food fussiness. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2017;13:e12296.

Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri

Year 2018, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 85 - 102, 03.12.2018

Abstract

Seçici yeme, çocukluk döneminde yaygın olarak görülen beslenme
sorunlarından biridir. Çeşitli yeme davranışlarının bileşiminden oluşmakta
olup, hem alışılmış, hem de yeni besinlerin reddedilmesi, güçlü besin
tercihleri ile yetersiz miktarda veya çeşitlilikte besin tüketimi ile
karakterizedir. Geçici veya hafif seçici yeme davranışları normal gelişimin bir
parçası olarak görülebilmektedir. Fakat erken çocukluk döneminde görülen seçici
yeme, bazı durumlarda kaçıngan / kısıtlayıcı yeme bozukluğu için öncül
olabilmektedir. Seçici yeme davranışları, çocuklarda besin tüketimini, diyet
kalitesini, normal büyümeyi ve gelecekteki sağlık sonuçlarını olumsuz olarak
etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Erken çocukluk döneminde yaygın olarak görülen
seçici yeme davranışlarının, okul yıllarında hatta yetişkinlikte de devam
edebileceği ve olumsuz sağlık sonuçları göz önüne alındığında, seçici yeme için
risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Seçici yeme davranışlarının çoğu,
herhangi bir müdahale yapılmadan düzelebilir. Fakat hem ebeveynlerin çocuk
beslenmesi ile ilgili bilgilerini geliştirmek hem de endişelerini azaltmak için
beslenme eğitimi verilmelidir. Bu derlemede, mevcut çalışmalarda kullanılan
değerlendirme yöntemleri, seçici yeme prevalansı, besin tüketim özellikleri,
gelişimini etkileyen risk faktörleri ve seçici yemeye yaklaşım incelenmiştir


References

  • 1. Birch, L, Savage JS, Ventura A. Influences on the development of children's eating behaviours: from infancy to adolescence. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research: A Publication of Dietitians of Canada 2007;68:1.
  • 2. Cooke L, Higgins C, McCrann Ú. Managing common feeding difficulties in toddlers and pre-school children. Paediatrics and Child Health 2017;27:366-370.
  • 3. Kerzner B, Milano K, MacLean WC, Berall G, Stuart S, Chatoor I. A practical approach to classifying and managing feeding difficulties. Pediatrics 2015;135:344-353.
  • 4. Bryant-Waugh R. Feeding and eating disorders in children. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2013;26:537-542.
  • 5. Toyama H, Agras WS. A test to identify persistent picky eaters. Eating Behaviors 2016;23:66-69.
  • 6. Taylor CM, Wernimont SM, Northstone K, Emmett PM. Picky/fussy eating in children: Review of definitions, assessment, prevalence and dietary intakes. Appetite 2015;95:349-359.
  • 7. Dovey TM, Staples PA, Gibson EL, Halford JC. Food neophobia and ‘picky/fussy’eating in children: a review. Appetite 2008;50:181-193.
  • 8. Lumeng J. Picky eating. In: Parker S ZB, Augustyn ME (eds). Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: A Handbook for Primary Care. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
  • 9. Boquin MM, Moskowitz HR, Donovan SM, Lee SY. Defining perceptions of picky eating obtained through focus groups and conjoint analysis. Journal of Sensory Studies 2014a;29:126-138.
  • 10. Volger S, Sheng XY, Tong LM, Zhao DM, Fan T, Zhang F, et al. Nutrient intake and dietary patterns in children 2.5-5 years of age with picky eating behaviors and low weight-for-height. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2017;26:104-109.
  • 11. Mitchell GL, Farrow C, Haycraft E, Meyer C. Parental influences on children’s eating behaviour and characteristics of successful parent-focussed interventions. Appetite 2013;60:85-94.
  • 12. Steinsbekk S, Bonneville-Roussy A, Fildes A, Llewellyn CH, Wichstrøm L. Child and parent predictors of picky eating from preschool to school age. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2017;14:87.
  • 13. Lafraire J, Rioux C, Giboreau A, Picard D. Food rejections in children: Cognitive and social/environmental factors involved in food neophobia and picky/fussy eating behavior. Appetite 2016;96:347-357.
  • 14. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey CN, Sawyer R, Johnson SL. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite 2001;36:201-210.
  • 15. Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L. Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 2001;42:963-970.
  • 16. Mascola AJ, Bryson SW, Agras WS. Picky eating during childhood: A longitudinal study to age 11years. Eating Behaviors 2010;11:253-257.
  • 17. Carruth BR, Ziegler PJ, Gordon A, Barr SI. Prevalence of picky eaters among infants and toddlers and their caregiver's decisions about offering a new food. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2004;104:57−64.
  • 18. Boquin M, Smith‐Simpson S, Donovan SM, Lee SY. Mealtime behaviors and food consumption of perceived picky and nonpicky eaters through home use test. Journal of Food Science 2014b;79:2523-2532.
  • 19. Cano SC, Hoek HW, Bryant-Waugh R. Picky eating: the current state of research. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2015a;28:448-454.
  • 20. Gibson EL, Cooke L. Understanding Food Fussiness and Its Implications for Food Choice, Health, Weight and Interventions in Young Children: The Impact of Professor Jane Wardle. Current Obesity Reports 2017;6:46-56.
  • 21. Ong C, Phuah KY, Salazar E, How CH. Managing the ‘picky eater’dilemma. Singapore Medical Journal 2014;55:184.
  • 22. Orun E, Erdil Z, Cetinkaya S, Tufan N, Yalcin SS. Problematic eating behaviour in Turkish children aged 12-72 months: characteristics of mothers and children. Central European Journal of Public Health 2012;20:257-261.
  • 23. Cano SC, Tiemeier H, Van Hoeken D, Tharner A, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, et al. Trajectories of picky eating during childhood: a general population study. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2015b;48:570-579.
  • 24. Machado BC, Dias P, Lima VS, Campos J, Gonçalves S. Prevalence and correlates of picky eating in preschool-aged children: A population-based study. Eating Behaviors 2016;22:16-21.
  • 25. Xue Y, Lee E, Ning K, Zheng Y, Ma D, Gao H, et al. Prevalence of picky eating behaviour in Chinese school-age children and associations with anthropometric parameters and intelligence quotient. A cross-sectional study. Appetite 2015;91:248-255.
  • 26. Goh DY, Jacob A. Perception of picky eating among children in Singapore and its impact on caregivers: a questionnaire survey. Asia Pacific Family Medicine 2012;11:5.
  • 27. Tharner A, Jansen PW, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Moll HA, van der Ende J, Jaddoe VW, et al. Toward an operative diagnosis of fussy/picky eating: a latent profile approach in a population-based cohort. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2014;11:14.
  • 28. Taylor CM, Northstone K, Wernimont SM, Emmett PM. Macro-and micronutrient intakes in picky eaters: a cause for concern?. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016;104:1647-1656.
  • 29. Kwon KM, Shim JE, Kang M, Paik HY. Association between Picky Eating Behaviors and Nutritional Status in Early Childhood: Performance of a Picky Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Nutrients 2017;9:463.
  • 30. Li Z, van der Horst K, Edelson-Fries LR, Yu K, You L, Zhang Y, et al. Perceptions of food intake and weight status among parents of picky eating infants and toddlers in China: A cross-sectional study. Appetite 2017;108:456-463.
  • 31. van der Horst K, Deming DM, Lesniauskas R, Carr BT, Reidy KC. Picky eating: Associations with child eating characteristics and food intake. Appetite 2016;103:286-293.
  • 32. Haszard JJ, Skidmore PM, Williams SM, Taylor RW. Associations between parental feeding practices, problem food behaviours and dietary intake in New Zealand overweight children aged 4–8 years. Public Health Nutrition 2015;18:1036-1043.
  • 33. Rohde JF, Händel MN, Stougaard M, Olsen NJ, Trærup M, Mortensen EL, et al. Relationship between pickiness and subsequent development in body mass index and diet intake in obesity prone normal weight preschool children. PloS One 2017;12:e0172772.
  • 34. Holley CE, Haycraft E, Farrow C. Predicting children's fussiness with vegetables: The role of feeding practices. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2018;14:1-9.
  • 35. Dubois L, Diasparra M, Bédard B, Kaprio J, Fontaine-Bisson B, Tremblay R, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on eating behaviors in 2.5-and 9-year-old children: a longitudinal twin study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2013;10:134.
  • 36. Smith AD, Herle M, Fildes A, Cooke L, Steinsbekk S, Llewellyn CH. Food fussiness and food neophobia share a common etiology in early childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2017;58:189-196.
  • 37. Fildes A, van Jaarsveld CH, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Cooke L, Wardle J. Nature and nurture in children’s food preferences–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2014;99:911-917.
  • 38. Golding J, Steer C, Emmett P, Bartoshuk LM, Horwood J, Smith GD. Associations between the ability to detect a bitter taste, dietary behavior, and growth. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2009;1170:553-557.
  • 39. Hafstad GS, Abebe DS, Torgersen L, von Soest T. Picky eating in preschool children: The predictive role of the child's temperament and mother's negative affectivity. Eating Behaviors 2013;14:274-277.
  • 40. Chao HC, Chang HL. Picky eating behaviors linked to inappropriate caregiver–child interaction, caregiver intervention, and impaired general development in children. Pediatrics & Neonatology 2017;58:22-28.
  • 41. Brown CL, Perrin EM, Peterson KE, Herb HEB, Horodynski MA, Contreras D, et al. Association of Picky Eating With Weight Status and Dietary Quality Among Low-Income Preschoolers. Academic Pediatrics 2018;18:334–341.
  • 42. Thompson SD, Bruns DA, Rains KW. Picky eating habits or sensory processing issues? Exploring feeding difficulties in infants and toddlers. Young Exceptional Children 2010;13:71-85.
  • 43. Werthmann J, Jansen A, Havermans R, Nederkoorn C, Kremers S, Roefs A. Bits and pieces. Food texture influences food acceptance in young children. Appetite 2015;84:181-187.
  • 44. Nederkoorn C, Jansen A, Havermans RC. Feel your food. The influence of tactile sensitivity on picky eating in children. Appetite 2015;84:7-10.
  • 45. Harris HA, Fildes A, Mallan KM, Llewellyn CH. Maternal feeding practices and fussy eating in toddlerhood: a discordant twin analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2016;13:81.
  • 46. Shloim N, Edelson LR, Martin N, Hetherington MM. Parenting styles, feeding styles, feeding practices, and weight status in 4–12 year-old children: a systematic review of the literature. Frontiers in Psychology 2015;6:1849.
  • 47. Brown CL, Pesch MH, Perrin EM, Appugliese DP, Miller AL, Rosenblum K, et al. Maternal concern for child undereating. Academic Pediatrics 2016;16:777-782.
  • 48. Gregory JE, Paxton SJ, Brozovic AM. Pressure to eat and restriction are associated with child eating behaviours and maternal concern about child weight, but not child body mass index, in 2-to 4-year-old children. Appetite 2010;54:550-556.
  • 49. Jansen PW, de Barse LM, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, Franco OH, Tiemeier H. Bi-directional associations between child fussy eating and parents' pressure to eat: Who influences whom?. Physiology & Behavior 2017;176:101-106.
  • 50. Powell F, Farrow C, Meyer C, Haycraft E. The importance of mealtime structure for reducing child food fussiness. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2017;13:e12296.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derleme
Authors

Seda Kermen

Şule Aktaç This is me

Publication Date December 3, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kermen, S., & Aktaç, Ş. (2018). Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri. Güncel Pediatri, 16(3), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.32941/pediatri.485535
AMA Kermen S, Aktaç Ş. Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri. Güncel Pediatri. December 2018;16(3):85-102. doi:10.32941/pediatri.485535
Chicago Kermen, Seda, and Şule Aktaç. “Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme Ve Risk Faktörleri”. Güncel Pediatri 16, no. 3 (December 2018): 85-102. https://doi.org/10.32941/pediatri.485535.
EndNote Kermen S, Aktaç Ş (December 1, 2018) Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri. Güncel Pediatri 16 3 85–102.
IEEE S. Kermen and Ş. Aktaç, “Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri”, Güncel Pediatri, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 85–102, 2018, doi: 10.32941/pediatri.485535.
ISNAD Kermen, Seda - Aktaç, Şule. “Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme Ve Risk Faktörleri”. Güncel Pediatri 16/3 (December 2018), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.32941/pediatri.485535.
JAMA Kermen S, Aktaç Ş. Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri. Güncel Pediatri. 2018;16:85–102.
MLA Kermen, Seda and Şule Aktaç. “Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme Ve Risk Faktörleri”. Güncel Pediatri, vol. 16, no. 3, 2018, pp. 85-102, doi:10.32941/pediatri.485535.
Vancouver Kermen S, Aktaç Ş. Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri. Güncel Pediatri. 2018;16(3):85-102.