Abstract
Kyrgyzstan is considered as one of the territorially smallest but politically highly challenging countries in the Central Asia. In the first section of the article readers can find the main concerns and the method that is used in the study before it comes to the point of having political economic background of the country in the next part. As the aim of this work is to understand and analyse the agricultural trade chain and how the shadow economy is taking place in the market, within the scope of this study, in-depth interviews as part of a field study were conducted in Bishkek and its findings were examined after giving the theoretical and historical background. In the fourth and the last section, Kyrgyzstan’s international status is studied and with a conclusion part where an overall assessment was gathered, the study will come to an end.
Supporting Institution
REA-MSCA-H2020-RISE
Project Number
CENTRAL ASIAN LAW – Project Number: 870647
References
- Alkan, H. (2011). Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde Siyasal Hayat ve Kurumlar. Ankara: USAK.
- Alkan, H. (2018). Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sistemi: Kurumsalcı Yaklaşımın Işığında Yeni Siyasetin İzleri. Ankara: Liberte.
- Ceenbekov, Ravşan. Atambayev vs. Zheenbekov: Kyrgyzstan on its way to dual power. 3 Nisan 2018. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eadaily.com/en/news/2018/04/03/atambayev-vs-zheenbekov- kyrgyzstan-on-its-way-to- dual-power>.
- Coldoşov, A. (2017), “Kırgızistan İç Siyaseti”, Kırgızistan: Tarih-Toplum-Ekonomi-Siyaset, Cengiz Buyar (Ed.), Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, BYR Publishing House, Bişkek, 245-286.
- DEİK. Kırgızistan Ülke Bülteni. İstanbul: DEK, 2012.
- Engvall, Johan. «From Monopoly to Competition.» Problems of Post Communism 65.4 (2017): 271-283.
- Eurasinet. Kyrgyzstan: Former president on verge of losing immunity. 4 Nisan 2019. 14 Şubat 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-former-president-on-verge-of-losing-immunity>.
- FreedomHouse. Kyrgyzstan: Changes to Constitution Bolster Authoritarianism. 11 Aralık 2016. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://freedomhouse.org/article/kyrgyzstan-changes-constitution- bolster-authoritarianism>.
- Fumagalli, Matteo. «Kyrgyzstan 2015 : a country adrift?» Asia Minor 26 (2015): 469-481.
- Fumagalli, Matteo. «Semi-presidentialism in Kyrgyzstan.» Elgie, Robert ve Sophia Moestrup. Semi- presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 173-205.
- Ismailbekova, Aksana. Informal Governance and Corruption -Transcending the Principal Agent and Collective Action Paradigms Kyrgyzstan Country Report Part 1 Macro Level. Basel : Basel Institute on Governance, 2018.
- Leonard, Peter. Kyrgyzstan: Politician’s mob rampage draws army onto the streets. 9 Ekim 2020. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-politicians-mob-rampage-draws- army-onto-the-streets>.
- Meldon, Margarita. Kyrgyzstan’s Constitutional Referendum: Steering populism toward securing vested interests. 28 Ekim 2016. 15 Ocak 2021.<https://constitutionnet.org/news/kyrgyzstans-constitutional-referendum-steering-populism- toward-securing-vested-interests>.
- Öraz, S. (2006). Tribal Connections within the Political Processes: The Case of Kyrgyzstan. Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 78-91.
- Pannier, Bruce. In Kyrgyzstan, An Unexpected Victory For Atambaev's Chosen Candidate. 15 Ekim 2015. 15 Şubat 2021. <https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-presidential-election-analysi s-jeenbekov/28796176.html>.
- Rickleton, Chris. Kyrgyzstan: Pressured ex-candidate says he wants no part of power. 21 Ağustos 2019. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-pressured-ex-candidate-says- he-wants-no-part-of-power>.
- Tax Code Of The Kyrgyz Republic dated January 18, 2022 No. 3 (As amended by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic dated June 30, 2022 No. 51)
- The Law Of The Kyrgyz Republic On peasant farm (As amended by the Law of Kyrgyz Republic dated January 4, 2001 # 1, October 16, 2002 # 142)
- Tayfur, Nazir Aliyev. Kyrgyzstan: New Cabinet, Premier Japarov sworn in. 28 Ekim 2020. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kyrgyzstan-new-cabinet-premier-japarov- sworn-in/2022599>.
- Trilling, D. «Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Coalition Talks Back at Square One.» 12 Aralık 2010. Eurasianet. 15 Ocak 2021. <http://www.eurasianet.org/node/62520>.
- Umarov, Temur. The Failure of Atambayev’s Planned Power Transition . 23 Ağustos 2019. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://carnegie.ru/2019/08/23/failure-of-atambayev-s-planned-power-transition- pub-79718>.
Abstract
Kırgızistan, Orta Asya'daki bölgesel olarak en küçük ancak siyasi olarak oldukça zorlu ülkelerden biri olarak kabul ediliyor. Makalenin ilk bölümünde okuyucular, sonraki bölümde ülkenin siyasi ekonomik arka planına sahip olma noktasına gelmeden önce, çalışmada kullanılan yöntemi ve temel kaygıları bulabilirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tarımsal ticaret zincirini ve kayıt dışı ekonominin piyasada nasıl yer aldığını anlamak ve analiz etmek olduğundan, bu çalışma kapsamında Bişkek ve ilçelerinde bir saha araştırması kapsamında derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. bulgular teorik ve tarihsel arka plan verildikten sonra incelenmiştir. Dördüncü ve son bölümde ise Kırgızistan'ın uluslararası statüsü incelenecek ve genel bir değerlendirmenin yapıldığı sonuç bölümü ile çalışma sonlandırılacaktır.
Project Number
CENTRAL ASIAN LAW – Project Number: 870647
References
- Alkan, H. (2011). Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde Siyasal Hayat ve Kurumlar. Ankara: USAK.
- Alkan, H. (2018). Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sistemi: Kurumsalcı Yaklaşımın Işığında Yeni Siyasetin İzleri. Ankara: Liberte.
- Ceenbekov, Ravşan. Atambayev vs. Zheenbekov: Kyrgyzstan on its way to dual power. 3 Nisan 2018. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eadaily.com/en/news/2018/04/03/atambayev-vs-zheenbekov- kyrgyzstan-on-its-way-to- dual-power>.
- Coldoşov, A. (2017), “Kırgızistan İç Siyaseti”, Kırgızistan: Tarih-Toplum-Ekonomi-Siyaset, Cengiz Buyar (Ed.), Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, BYR Publishing House, Bişkek, 245-286.
- DEİK. Kırgızistan Ülke Bülteni. İstanbul: DEK, 2012.
- Engvall, Johan. «From Monopoly to Competition.» Problems of Post Communism 65.4 (2017): 271-283.
- Eurasinet. Kyrgyzstan: Former president on verge of losing immunity. 4 Nisan 2019. 14 Şubat 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-former-president-on-verge-of-losing-immunity>.
- FreedomHouse. Kyrgyzstan: Changes to Constitution Bolster Authoritarianism. 11 Aralık 2016. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://freedomhouse.org/article/kyrgyzstan-changes-constitution- bolster-authoritarianism>.
- Fumagalli, Matteo. «Kyrgyzstan 2015 : a country adrift?» Asia Minor 26 (2015): 469-481.
- Fumagalli, Matteo. «Semi-presidentialism in Kyrgyzstan.» Elgie, Robert ve Sophia Moestrup. Semi- presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 173-205.
- Ismailbekova, Aksana. Informal Governance and Corruption -Transcending the Principal Agent and Collective Action Paradigms Kyrgyzstan Country Report Part 1 Macro Level. Basel : Basel Institute on Governance, 2018.
- Leonard, Peter. Kyrgyzstan: Politician’s mob rampage draws army onto the streets. 9 Ekim 2020. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-politicians-mob-rampage-draws- army-onto-the-streets>.
- Meldon, Margarita. Kyrgyzstan’s Constitutional Referendum: Steering populism toward securing vested interests. 28 Ekim 2016. 15 Ocak 2021.<https://constitutionnet.org/news/kyrgyzstans-constitutional-referendum-steering-populism- toward-securing-vested-interests>.
- Öraz, S. (2006). Tribal Connections within the Political Processes: The Case of Kyrgyzstan. Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 78-91.
- Pannier, Bruce. In Kyrgyzstan, An Unexpected Victory For Atambaev's Chosen Candidate. 15 Ekim 2015. 15 Şubat 2021. <https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-presidential-election-analysi s-jeenbekov/28796176.html>.
- Rickleton, Chris. Kyrgyzstan: Pressured ex-candidate says he wants no part of power. 21 Ağustos 2019. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-pressured-ex-candidate-says- he-wants-no-part-of-power>.
- Tax Code Of The Kyrgyz Republic dated January 18, 2022 No. 3 (As amended by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic dated June 30, 2022 No. 51)
- The Law Of The Kyrgyz Republic On peasant farm (As amended by the Law of Kyrgyz Republic dated January 4, 2001 # 1, October 16, 2002 # 142)
- Tayfur, Nazir Aliyev. Kyrgyzstan: New Cabinet, Premier Japarov sworn in. 28 Ekim 2020. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kyrgyzstan-new-cabinet-premier-japarov- sworn-in/2022599>.
- Trilling, D. «Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Coalition Talks Back at Square One.» 12 Aralık 2010. Eurasianet. 15 Ocak 2021. <http://www.eurasianet.org/node/62520>.
- Umarov, Temur. The Failure of Atambayev’s Planned Power Transition . 23 Ağustos 2019. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://carnegie.ru/2019/08/23/failure-of-atambayev-s-planned-power-transition- pub-79718>.
Abstract
Кыргызстан считается одной из самых маленьких территориально, но политически очень сложных стран в Центральной Азии. В первом разделе статьи читатели могут найти основные проблемы и метод, который используется в исследовании, прежде чем в следующей части речь пойдет о политико-экономической подоплеке страны. Поскольку целью данной работы является понимание и анализ цепочки торговли сельскохозяйственной продукцией и того, как теневая экономика имеет место на рынке, в рамках данного исследования в рамках полевого исследования в Бишкеке и его окрестностях были проведены глубинные интервью. результаты были рассмотрены после предоставления теоретической и исторической предпосылки. В четвертом и последнем разделе изучается международный статус Кыргызстана, а в заключительной части, где была собрана общая оценка, исследование подходит к концу.
Keywords
Ключевые слова: Кыргызстан политическая нестабильность нелегальная торговля теневая экономика сельское хозяйство.
Project Number
CENTRAL ASIAN LAW – Project Number: 870647
References
- Alkan, H. (2011). Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde Siyasal Hayat ve Kurumlar. Ankara: USAK.
- Alkan, H. (2018). Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sistemi: Kurumsalcı Yaklaşımın Işığında Yeni Siyasetin İzleri. Ankara: Liberte.
- Ceenbekov, Ravşan. Atambayev vs. Zheenbekov: Kyrgyzstan on its way to dual power. 3 Nisan 2018. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eadaily.com/en/news/2018/04/03/atambayev-vs-zheenbekov- kyrgyzstan-on-its-way-to- dual-power>.
- Coldoşov, A. (2017), “Kırgızistan İç Siyaseti”, Kırgızistan: Tarih-Toplum-Ekonomi-Siyaset, Cengiz Buyar (Ed.), Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, BYR Publishing House, Bişkek, 245-286.
- DEİK. Kırgızistan Ülke Bülteni. İstanbul: DEK, 2012.
- Engvall, Johan. «From Monopoly to Competition.» Problems of Post Communism 65.4 (2017): 271-283.
- Eurasinet. Kyrgyzstan: Former president on verge of losing immunity. 4 Nisan 2019. 14 Şubat 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-former-president-on-verge-of-losing-immunity>.
- FreedomHouse. Kyrgyzstan: Changes to Constitution Bolster Authoritarianism. 11 Aralık 2016. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://freedomhouse.org/article/kyrgyzstan-changes-constitution- bolster-authoritarianism>.
- Fumagalli, Matteo. «Kyrgyzstan 2015 : a country adrift?» Asia Minor 26 (2015): 469-481.
- Fumagalli, Matteo. «Semi-presidentialism in Kyrgyzstan.» Elgie, Robert ve Sophia Moestrup. Semi- presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 173-205.
- Ismailbekova, Aksana. Informal Governance and Corruption -Transcending the Principal Agent and Collective Action Paradigms Kyrgyzstan Country Report Part 1 Macro Level. Basel : Basel Institute on Governance, 2018.
- Leonard, Peter. Kyrgyzstan: Politician’s mob rampage draws army onto the streets. 9 Ekim 2020. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-politicians-mob-rampage-draws- army-onto-the-streets>.
- Meldon, Margarita. Kyrgyzstan’s Constitutional Referendum: Steering populism toward securing vested interests. 28 Ekim 2016. 15 Ocak 2021.<https://constitutionnet.org/news/kyrgyzstans-constitutional-referendum-steering-populism- toward-securing-vested-interests>.
- Öraz, S. (2006). Tribal Connections within the Political Processes: The Case of Kyrgyzstan. Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 78-91.
- Pannier, Bruce. In Kyrgyzstan, An Unexpected Victory For Atambaev's Chosen Candidate. 15 Ekim 2015. 15 Şubat 2021. <https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-presidential-election-analysi s-jeenbekov/28796176.html>.
- Rickleton, Chris. Kyrgyzstan: Pressured ex-candidate says he wants no part of power. 21 Ağustos 2019. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-pressured-ex-candidate-says- he-wants-no-part-of-power>.
- Tax Code Of The Kyrgyz Republic dated January 18, 2022 No. 3 (As amended by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic dated June 30, 2022 No. 51)
- The Law Of The Kyrgyz Republic On peasant farm (As amended by the Law of Kyrgyz Republic dated January 4, 2001 # 1, October 16, 2002 # 142)
- Tayfur, Nazir Aliyev. Kyrgyzstan: New Cabinet, Premier Japarov sworn in. 28 Ekim 2020. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kyrgyzstan-new-cabinet-premier-japarov- sworn-in/2022599>.
- Trilling, D. «Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Coalition Talks Back at Square One.» 12 Aralık 2010. Eurasianet. 15 Ocak 2021. <http://www.eurasianet.org/node/62520>.
- Umarov, Temur. The Failure of Atambayev’s Planned Power Transition . 23 Ağustos 2019. 15 Ocak 2021. <https://carnegie.ru/2019/08/23/failure-of-atambayev-s-planned-power-transition- pub-79718>.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Political Economy, Agricultural Economics |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | CENTRAL ASIAN LAW – Project Number: 870647 |
| Early Pub Date | January 16, 2024 |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | August 8, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Issue: 99 |
- Article Files