Research Article
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The Adaptation of the Regret Elements Scale to Turkish Culture

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 70, 372 - 387, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1301365.8

Abstract

Humans feel the need to reflect on their past decisions throughout their lives. Regret plays a significant role in this evaluation. Acknowledging regret is crucial, as it helps in rectifying undesirable past decisions and making healtier options in the future. Regret has cognitive and affective dimentions. Cognitive regret refers to reviewing past decisions, while affective regret belong to negative emotions. This study aims to adapt the regret elements scale (RES) in the Turkish adult population. The study involved 48 participants in the pilot application stage, 40 participants in the language validity stage, 599 participants in the confirmatory factor analysis stage, and 52 participants in the test-retest stage. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 60 years. The study examined the language validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion-related validity of the scale. Additionally, reliability measures such as Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient, Spearman-Brown split-half reliability, test-retest reliability coefficient, and differences between the 27% lower and upper groups were utilized. Mean explained variance (AVE) and combined reliability (CR) values were also calculated. The findings indicate that the language validity of the scale was high (.80). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 2-dimensional and 10-item scale had acceptable fit indices [x2 / df= 2.09, RMSEA= .043, SRMR= .07, NNFI /TLI = .91, CFI= .94, GFI= .92]. The scale and its sub-dimensions were negatively correlated with Satisfaction with Life. Reliability analyses found high Cronbach's Alpha reliability (.92), Spearman-Brown split-half reliability (.95), and test-retest reliability (.75) coefficients, as well as significant differences between the regret score averages of the lower and upper groups of 27%. The AVE and CR values of the scale were also high. The findings suggest that the 2-dimensional (affective regret and cognitive regret) and 10-item RES is a valid and reliable measuring tool for assessing regret in the field of mental health for adult individuals in Turkey. Overall, the RES can be considered a useful tool for measuring regret and its various dimensions. It is thought that the adaptation of the regret elements scale (RES), which includes these dimentions, will contribute to the literature.

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References

  • Bozkurt, F. (2017). The role of resilience on feelings of guilt and regret, psychological health, and well-being among employed mothers (No. 473413). [Master's thesis, Bahcesehir University-Istanbul-Turkiye]. The Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education.
  • Breugelmans, S. M., Zeelenberg, M., Gilovich, T., Huang, W. H., & Shani, Y. (2014). Generality and cultural variation in the experience of regret. Emotion, 14(6), 1037–1048. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038221
  • Buchanan, J., Summerville, A., Lehmann, J., & Reb, J. (2016). The regret elements scale: Distinguishing the affective and cognitive components of regret. Judgment and Decision Making, 11(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500003107
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, O., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel, F. (2018). Scientific research methods (24th ed.). Pegem.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Multivariate statistics for social sciences SPSS and LISREL applications (5th ed.). Pegem.
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. Handbook os positive psychology, 2, 63-73.
  • Diotaiuti, P., Valente, G., Mancone, S., Grambone, A., Chirico, A., & Lucidi, F. (2022). The use of the decision regret scale in non-clinical contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(September), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.945669
  • Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9589-4
  • Ermiş, E. N., & Bayraktar, S. (2021). Multidimensional existential regret inventory in Turkish: Reliability and validity analysis. Current Approacches in Psychiatry, 13(Suppl 1), 421–440. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1007196
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Goldstein-Greenwood, J., Conway, P., Summerville, A., & Johnson, B. N. (2020). (How) do you regret killing one to save five? Affective and cognitive regret differ after utilitarian and deontological decisions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 00(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219897662
  • Güller, H. H. (2022). Regret and repentance in the hadith (No. 768588). [Doctoral thesis, Cukurova University-Adana-Turkiye]. The Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education.
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). In International Journal of Research & Method in Education (Vol. 38). https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2015.1005806
  • Joseph-Williams, N., Edwards, A., & Elwyn, G. (2011). The importance and complexity of regret in the measurement of “good” decisions: A systematic review and a content analysis of existing assessment instruments. Health Expectations, 14(1), 59–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00621.x
  • Kazancıoglu, İ., Aydın, H., & Mishra, A. (2021). The effect of guilt on post-purchase regret: Attitudes and repurchase intentions towards smoking. Ege Academic Review, 21(1), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.874032
  • Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis (6th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315788135
  • Kraines, M. A., Krug, C. P., & Wells, T. T. (2017). Decision justification theory in depression: Regret and self-blame. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(4), 556–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9836-y
  • Lauriola, M., Panno, A., & Weller, J. A. (2019). Regret-based decision-making style acts as a dispositional factor in risky choices. Psychological Reports, 122(4), 1412–1431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118786687
  • Lee, S. H., & Jang, S. H. (2016). The relationship between regret and subjective well-being in middle-aged men. Advanced Science and Techonology Letters, 122, 60-65.
  • Madrigal, L. A., & Robbins, J. E. (2018). Development of the collegiate athete regret scale. Journal of Sport Behavior, 41(2), 168–188.
  • Marcatto, F., & Ferrante, D. (2008). The regret and disappointment scale: An instrument for assessing regret and disappointmen in decision making. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 87-99.
  • Matarazzo, O., Abbamonte, L., Greco, C., Pizzini, B., & Nigro, G. (2021). Regret and other emotions related to decision-making: Antecedents, appraisals, and phenomenological aspects. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783248
  • Oam, G. P. (2023). Regret: Your improvement catalyst. https://polgovpro.blog/2023/01/17/regret-your-improvement-catalyst/
  • Özdemir, N., & Düzgüner, S. (2020). The extent of guilt, regret and sinfulness from a psychological point of view and their place among the close concepts. OJournal of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Theology, 49, 497–529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.798703
  • Perdomo, N. (2021). Mortality salience and moral dilemmas: The impact of stress on regret in trolley problem decision-making (No. 3186). [Master's thesis, Ford Hays State University-Kansa-USA]. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/3186.
  • Pink, D. H. (2022). The power of regret: How looking backward moves us forward. Penguin Random House.
  • Plutchick, R. (2003). Emotions and life: Perspectives from psychology, biology, and evolution. American Psychological Association.
  • Roese, N. J., & Summerville, A. (2005). What we regret most . . . and why. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(9), 1273–1285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205274693
  • Sayar, K. (2022, January). Regret: Unselected path. Idea Tour. https://fikirturu.com/insan/pismanlik-secilmeyen-yol/
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness of fit measures. MPR-Online, 8(May), 23–74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A Beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3th ed.). Routledge.
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psychological test development and adaptation process: SPSS and LISREL applications. Anı.
  • Telata, T. G., Ozel, C. S., Turgut, A., & Kınlı, Ö. (2021). Turkish version methodological validation study of the decision regret scale. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 35(4).
  • Wrosch, C., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). Perceived control of life regrets: Good for young and bad for old adults. Psychology and Aging, 17(2), 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.17.2.340
  • Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2007). A theory of regret regulation 1.1. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1701_6
  • Zeelenberg, M., Van Dijk, E., Van Den Bos, K., & Pieters, R. (2002). The inaction effect in the psychology of regret. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(3), 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.3.314
  • Zeelenberg, M., Van Dijk, W. W., Manstead, A. S. R., & Van Der Pligt, J. (2000). On bad decisions and disconfirmed expectancies: The psychology of regret and disappointment. Cognition and Emotion, 14(4), 521–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300402781
Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 70, 372 - 387, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1301365.8

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Bozkurt, F. (2017). The role of resilience on feelings of guilt and regret, psychological health, and well-being among employed mothers (No. 473413). [Master's thesis, Bahcesehir University-Istanbul-Turkiye]. The Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education.
  • Breugelmans, S. M., Zeelenberg, M., Gilovich, T., Huang, W. H., & Shani, Y. (2014). Generality and cultural variation in the experience of regret. Emotion, 14(6), 1037–1048. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038221
  • Buchanan, J., Summerville, A., Lehmann, J., & Reb, J. (2016). The regret elements scale: Distinguishing the affective and cognitive components of regret. Judgment and Decision Making, 11(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500003107
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, O., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel, F. (2018). Scientific research methods (24th ed.). Pegem.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Multivariate statistics for social sciences SPSS and LISREL applications (5th ed.). Pegem.
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. Handbook os positive psychology, 2, 63-73.
  • Diotaiuti, P., Valente, G., Mancone, S., Grambone, A., Chirico, A., & Lucidi, F. (2022). The use of the decision regret scale in non-clinical contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(September), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.945669
  • Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9589-4
  • Ermiş, E. N., & Bayraktar, S. (2021). Multidimensional existential regret inventory in Turkish: Reliability and validity analysis. Current Approacches in Psychiatry, 13(Suppl 1), 421–440. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1007196
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Goldstein-Greenwood, J., Conway, P., Summerville, A., & Johnson, B. N. (2020). (How) do you regret killing one to save five? Affective and cognitive regret differ after utilitarian and deontological decisions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 00(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219897662
  • Güller, H. H. (2022). Regret and repentance in the hadith (No. 768588). [Doctoral thesis, Cukurova University-Adana-Turkiye]. The Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education.
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). In International Journal of Research & Method in Education (Vol. 38). https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2015.1005806
  • Joseph-Williams, N., Edwards, A., & Elwyn, G. (2011). The importance and complexity of regret in the measurement of “good” decisions: A systematic review and a content analysis of existing assessment instruments. Health Expectations, 14(1), 59–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00621.x
  • Kazancıoglu, İ., Aydın, H., & Mishra, A. (2021). The effect of guilt on post-purchase regret: Attitudes and repurchase intentions towards smoking. Ege Academic Review, 21(1), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.874032
  • Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis (6th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315788135
  • Kraines, M. A., Krug, C. P., & Wells, T. T. (2017). Decision justification theory in depression: Regret and self-blame. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(4), 556–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9836-y
  • Lauriola, M., Panno, A., & Weller, J. A. (2019). Regret-based decision-making style acts as a dispositional factor in risky choices. Psychological Reports, 122(4), 1412–1431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118786687
  • Lee, S. H., & Jang, S. H. (2016). The relationship between regret and subjective well-being in middle-aged men. Advanced Science and Techonology Letters, 122, 60-65.
  • Madrigal, L. A., & Robbins, J. E. (2018). Development of the collegiate athete regret scale. Journal of Sport Behavior, 41(2), 168–188.
  • Marcatto, F., & Ferrante, D. (2008). The regret and disappointment scale: An instrument for assessing regret and disappointmen in decision making. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 87-99.
  • Matarazzo, O., Abbamonte, L., Greco, C., Pizzini, B., & Nigro, G. (2021). Regret and other emotions related to decision-making: Antecedents, appraisals, and phenomenological aspects. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783248
  • Oam, G. P. (2023). Regret: Your improvement catalyst. https://polgovpro.blog/2023/01/17/regret-your-improvement-catalyst/
  • Özdemir, N., & Düzgüner, S. (2020). The extent of guilt, regret and sinfulness from a psychological point of view and their place among the close concepts. OJournal of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Theology, 49, 497–529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.798703
  • Perdomo, N. (2021). Mortality salience and moral dilemmas: The impact of stress on regret in trolley problem decision-making (No. 3186). [Master's thesis, Ford Hays State University-Kansa-USA]. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/3186.
  • Pink, D. H. (2022). The power of regret: How looking backward moves us forward. Penguin Random House.
  • Plutchick, R. (2003). Emotions and life: Perspectives from psychology, biology, and evolution. American Psychological Association.
  • Roese, N. J., & Summerville, A. (2005). What we regret most . . . and why. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(9), 1273–1285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205274693
  • Sayar, K. (2022, January). Regret: Unselected path. Idea Tour. https://fikirturu.com/insan/pismanlik-secilmeyen-yol/
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness of fit measures. MPR-Online, 8(May), 23–74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A Beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3th ed.). Routledge.
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psychological test development and adaptation process: SPSS and LISREL applications. Anı.
  • Telata, T. G., Ozel, C. S., Turgut, A., & Kınlı, Ö. (2021). Turkish version methodological validation study of the decision regret scale. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 35(4).
  • Wrosch, C., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). Perceived control of life regrets: Good for young and bad for old adults. Psychology and Aging, 17(2), 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.17.2.340
  • Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2007). A theory of regret regulation 1.1. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1701_6
  • Zeelenberg, M., Van Dijk, E., Van Den Bos, K., & Pieters, R. (2002). The inaction effect in the psychology of regret. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(3), 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.3.314
  • Zeelenberg, M., Van Dijk, W. W., Manstead, A. S. R., & Van Der Pligt, J. (2000). On bad decisions and disconfirmed expectancies: The psychology of regret and disappointment. Cognition and Emotion, 14(4), 521–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300402781
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Yahya Aktu 0000-0002-5540-7399

Project Number -
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 70

Cite

APA Aktu, Y. (2023). The Adaptation of the Regret Elements Scale to Turkish Culture. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 13(70), 372-387. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1301365.8

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.