Research Article
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Effects of Root Restriction on Vegetative Growth and Yield and Fruit Quality in Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Trees

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 491 - 499, 23.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1197914

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of root restriction on vegetative growth, phenological characteristics, yield and fruit quality in loquats. ‘Hafif Çukurgöbek' loquat trees grafted on seedling were planted within root restrictive plastic pots buried in the soil and compared with trees planted without pots. Vegetative growth, flowering periods, inflorescence characteristics and fruit set rates of these trees were investigated. In addition, yields per tree, per unit trunk cross-sectional area and per unit area, and pomological characteristics of fruits were determined according to the applications. Although the flowering stages of the cultivar differed partially according to the applications, it was completed in the period between December 5 and February 10. The first flowering was took place on 5 December in the root restriction application and on 9 December in the control. The full bloom and the end of flowering phases occurred on January 18 and February 5, respectively, in root restraint application, and on January 29 and February 10, respectively, in control. Root restriction had no effect on the maturity period of the fruits. While there was no significant difference between the applications in terms of the length of the inflorescence and the number of panicle in the cluster; Statistically significant differences were determined between the treatments in terms of the numbers of flower buds, blooming flowers and inital fruit set in the cluster. Applications were not significant effect on the number of the small fruit and the number of fruits harvested in the cluster. In terms of annual shoot length, scion and rootstock diameter, and other vegetative parameters, lower values were obtained in root-restricted plants compared to the control. In terms of annual shoot length, scion and rootstock diameter and other vegetative parameters, lower values were obtained in plants with restricted root growth compared to the control plants. In trees with restricted root growth, yield per plant and yield per unit area were lower, while yield per trunk cross-sectional area was higher than the control. In terms of fruit weight, fruit size and seed weight, higher values were obtained from root-restricted plants compared to control plants. There was no significant difference between the applications in terms of other fruit characteristics. As a result, it was determined that root restriction reduces vegetative growth in loquat trees.

References

  • Akkuş, S. and Polat A. A. 2020. Effects of quince rootstocks on phenological properties and fruit set rates in Hafif Çukurgöbek loquat cultivar. II. International Agricultural, Biological Life Science Conference, p.1120-1123.
  • Akkuş, S., Polat, A.A. 2021. Investigation of vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics of 'Hafif Çukurgöbek' loquat cultivar grafted on different quince rootstocks. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3): 279-286.
  • Akkuş, S., Polat, A.A. 2022. Effect of some Quince rootstocks on inflorescence properties, flowering and fruit set in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). KSU J. Agric Nat 25 (2): 253-257.
  • Anonim 2020. Meteoroloji genel müdürlüğü, mgm.gov.tr (Erişim tarihi: 10.01.2021)
  • Bek, Y. ve Efe, E. 1998. Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları. ÇÜZF. Ders Kitabı. No:71, Adana, 395s.
  • Ferree, D.C., Schupp, J.R., Myers, S.C. 1992. Root pruning and root restriction of fruit trees - current review. Acta Horticulturae 322: 153-167.
  • Ferree, D. C. and R. F. Carlson. 1987. Apple rootstocks. pp. 107-143 In: Rootstocks for Fruit Crops, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 494 p. Hansche, P.E., Beres, W., Darnell, R. 1986. Yield potential of peach trees dwarfed by the dw gene. HortScience 21(6): 1452-1453.
  • Martin, G.C. 1989. Control of vegetative growth. In: Manipulation offruiting. (ed) C.J. Wright. London: Butterworth and Co Ltd. p 363-376.
  • Myers, S. C. 1992. Root restriction of apple and peach with in-ground fabric containers. Acta Horticulturae 322: 215-219.
  • Polat, A.A., Durgaç, C., Çalışkan, O. 2004. Effects of different planting space on the vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of loquat. Acta Horticulturae, 632:189-195.
  • Polat AA 2015. Effect of canopy orientation on flowering time and fruit set in loquat. Acta Horticulturae, 1092: 205-210.
  • Polat, A.A., 2018. Effects of some Quince rootstocks on phenological properties and fruit set rates in Hafif Çukurgöbek loquat cultivar. The 9th International Scientific Agriculture Symposium “AGROSYM 2018” , Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4-7 October 2018. pp: 488-492.
  • Polat, A.A. 2021. Investigation on the usage of hawthorn (Crataegus spp) as rootstock for loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1): 86- 91. Polat, A.A. 2022a. Bazı anaçların Hafif Çukurgöbek yenidünya çeşidinin makro ve mikro besin elementleri alımına etkileri. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1): 92-100.
  • Polat, A. A. 2022b. Effect of hawthorn(Crataegus spp) rootstock on fruit quality in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Proceedings of IV. Balkan Agriculture Congress, Edirne, Türkiye. p.250-254.
  • Polat A.A. 2022c. Effects of hawthorn (Creategus spp) rootstock on vegetative growth in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl). Proceedings of IV. International Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, Agbiol, 511-514.
  • Richards, D. 1986. Tree growth and productivity - the role of roots. Acta Horticulturae 175:27-35.
  • Ross, E. Byers, David H. C and Leon D.C.2004. Root restriction, an alternative to rootstocks, for control of flowering, fruiting, tree growth, yield efficiency, and fruit quality of apple. Journal of Tree Fruit Production, 3 (2):11-31.
  • Scorza, R. Lightner, G.W. Gilreath, L.E. Wolf, S.J. 1984. Reduced-stature peach tree growth types: pruning and light penetration. Acta Horticulturae 146: 159-164.
  • Webster, A.D.,Altkinson,C.J.,Lucas,A.S.,Vaughan,S.P. and Taylor, L.2000. Interactions between root restriction, irrigation and rootstock treatments on the growth and cropping of ‘Queen Cox’ apple trees: Effects on orchard growth and cropping, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 75:2, 181-189.
  • White, M.D. 1995. The effects of root growth control using root restricting bags on the growth, fruitfulness, and fruit calcium concentrations and contents of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh. cv. 'Fuji'). Lincoln University, Master Thesis.
  • Williamson, J.G. and Coston, D.C. 1990. Planting method and irrigation rate influence vegetative and reproductive growth of peach planted at high density. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115(2):207-212.
  • Williamson, J. G., Coston, D. C. and Cornell, J. A.1992. Root restriction affects shoot development of peach in a high-density orchard. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 17:362-367.

Kök Kısıtlamanın Yenidünya (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Ağaçlarında Vejetatif Büyüme ile Meyve Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 491 - 499, 23.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1197914

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, kök kısıtlamanın, yenidünyada vejetatif büyüme, fenolojik özellikler ile verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Yenidünya çöğür anacına aşılı ‘Hafif Çukurgöbek' ağaçları, toprağa gömülü kök kısıtlayıcı plastik kaplar içine dikilmiş ve kapsız dikilen ağaçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu ağaçların vejetatif büyümesi, çiçeklenme dönemleri ile çiçek salkım özellikleri ve meyve tutum oranları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, uygulamalara göre ağaç başına, birim gövde kesit alanına ve birim alana verimler ile meyvelerin pomolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Çeşidin çiçeklenme evreleri, uygulamalara göre kısmen farklılık göstermiş olsa da, 5 Aralık-10 Şubat arasındaki dönemde tamamlanmıştır. İlk çiçeklenme, kök kısıtlama uygulamasında 5 Aralık’ta, kontrolde 9 Aralık’ta gerçekleşmiştir. Tam çiçeklenme ve çiçeklenme sonu evreleri, kök kısıtlama uygulamasında sırasıyla 18 Ocak-5 Şubat’ta gerçekleşirken, kontrolde sırasıyla 29 Ocak-10 Şubat’ta gerçekleşmiştir. Kök kısıtlamasının meyvelerin olgunluk dönemine etkisi olmamıştır. Çeşidin çiçek salkım uzunluğu ve salkımdaki somak sayısı bakımından uygulamalar arasında önemli bir farklılık görülmezken; salkımdaki çiçek tomurcuğu, açan çiçek ve ilk meyve tutum sayıları bakımından uygulamalar arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Salkımdaki küçük meyve ile derimi yapılan meyve sayılarına uygulamaların önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Yıllık sürgün uzunluğu, kalem ve anaç çapı ile öteki vejetatif parametreler bakımından kök büyümesi kısıtlanan ağaçlarda, kontrol ağaçlarına göre daha düşük değerler elde edilmiştir. Kök büyümesi kısıtlanan ağaçlarda, kontrole göre, bitki başına verim ve birim alana verim düşük, birim gövde kesit alanına verim ise yüksek bulunmuştur. Meyve ağırlığı ve meyve iriliği ile tohum ağırlığı bakımından kök kısıtlaması yapılan bitkilerden, kontrol bitkilerine göre daha yüksek değerler elde edilmiştir. Öteki meyve özellikleri bakımından uygulamalar arasında önemli bir fark görülmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, kök kısıtlamasının, yenidünya ağaçlarında vejetatif büyümeyi azalttığı belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Akkuş, S. and Polat A. A. 2020. Effects of quince rootstocks on phenological properties and fruit set rates in Hafif Çukurgöbek loquat cultivar. II. International Agricultural, Biological Life Science Conference, p.1120-1123.
  • Akkuş, S., Polat, A.A. 2021. Investigation of vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics of 'Hafif Çukurgöbek' loquat cultivar grafted on different quince rootstocks. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3): 279-286.
  • Akkuş, S., Polat, A.A. 2022. Effect of some Quince rootstocks on inflorescence properties, flowering and fruit set in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). KSU J. Agric Nat 25 (2): 253-257.
  • Anonim 2020. Meteoroloji genel müdürlüğü, mgm.gov.tr (Erişim tarihi: 10.01.2021)
  • Bek, Y. ve Efe, E. 1998. Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları. ÇÜZF. Ders Kitabı. No:71, Adana, 395s.
  • Ferree, D.C., Schupp, J.R., Myers, S.C. 1992. Root pruning and root restriction of fruit trees - current review. Acta Horticulturae 322: 153-167.
  • Ferree, D. C. and R. F. Carlson. 1987. Apple rootstocks. pp. 107-143 In: Rootstocks for Fruit Crops, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 494 p. Hansche, P.E., Beres, W., Darnell, R. 1986. Yield potential of peach trees dwarfed by the dw gene. HortScience 21(6): 1452-1453.
  • Martin, G.C. 1989. Control of vegetative growth. In: Manipulation offruiting. (ed) C.J. Wright. London: Butterworth and Co Ltd. p 363-376.
  • Myers, S. C. 1992. Root restriction of apple and peach with in-ground fabric containers. Acta Horticulturae 322: 215-219.
  • Polat, A.A., Durgaç, C., Çalışkan, O. 2004. Effects of different planting space on the vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of loquat. Acta Horticulturae, 632:189-195.
  • Polat AA 2015. Effect of canopy orientation on flowering time and fruit set in loquat. Acta Horticulturae, 1092: 205-210.
  • Polat, A.A., 2018. Effects of some Quince rootstocks on phenological properties and fruit set rates in Hafif Çukurgöbek loquat cultivar. The 9th International Scientific Agriculture Symposium “AGROSYM 2018” , Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4-7 October 2018. pp: 488-492.
  • Polat, A.A. 2021. Investigation on the usage of hawthorn (Crataegus spp) as rootstock for loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1): 86- 91. Polat, A.A. 2022a. Bazı anaçların Hafif Çukurgöbek yenidünya çeşidinin makro ve mikro besin elementleri alımına etkileri. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1): 92-100.
  • Polat, A. A. 2022b. Effect of hawthorn(Crataegus spp) rootstock on fruit quality in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Proceedings of IV. Balkan Agriculture Congress, Edirne, Türkiye. p.250-254.
  • Polat A.A. 2022c. Effects of hawthorn (Creategus spp) rootstock on vegetative growth in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl). Proceedings of IV. International Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, Agbiol, 511-514.
  • Richards, D. 1986. Tree growth and productivity - the role of roots. Acta Horticulturae 175:27-35.
  • Ross, E. Byers, David H. C and Leon D.C.2004. Root restriction, an alternative to rootstocks, for control of flowering, fruiting, tree growth, yield efficiency, and fruit quality of apple. Journal of Tree Fruit Production, 3 (2):11-31.
  • Scorza, R. Lightner, G.W. Gilreath, L.E. Wolf, S.J. 1984. Reduced-stature peach tree growth types: pruning and light penetration. Acta Horticulturae 146: 159-164.
  • Webster, A.D.,Altkinson,C.J.,Lucas,A.S.,Vaughan,S.P. and Taylor, L.2000. Interactions between root restriction, irrigation and rootstock treatments on the growth and cropping of ‘Queen Cox’ apple trees: Effects on orchard growth and cropping, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 75:2, 181-189.
  • White, M.D. 1995. The effects of root growth control using root restricting bags on the growth, fruitfulness, and fruit calcium concentrations and contents of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh. cv. 'Fuji'). Lincoln University, Master Thesis.
  • Williamson, J.G. and Coston, D.C. 1990. Planting method and irrigation rate influence vegetative and reproductive growth of peach planted at high density. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115(2):207-212.
  • Williamson, J. G., Coston, D. C. and Cornell, J. A.1992. Root restriction affects shoot development of peach in a high-density orchard. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 17:362-367.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Atila Aytekin Polat 0000-0002-5701-4767

Early Pub Date July 24, 2023
Publication Date July 23, 2023
Submission Date November 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Polat, A. A. (2023). Kök Kısıtlamanın Yenidünya (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Ağaçlarında Vejetatif Büyüme ile Meyve Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 491-499. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1197914