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Dini Kültlerde Terör Örgütüne Dönüşme Potansiyeli: Aum Shinrikyo Vakası

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 196 - 207, 25.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.52792/tws.989841

Abstract

Günümüzde, Dünya üzerinde belki de milyonlarca dini grup ve oluşum bulunmaktadır. Bu grup ve oluşumların bir kısmı, yapısal olarak ve kuruluş̧ amaçları itibariyle şeffaf ve yalnızca ibadet odaklı olup, diğer bir kısmı ise kült olarak tabir edilen yapılarla ortak özellikler göstermektedir. Kült benzeri özellikler taşıyan bu dini grupların bir kısmı bürokratik, ekonomik ve insan gücü anlamında büyük bir gücü elinde barındırmaktadır. Kült benzeri özellikler taşıyan ve büyük bir gücü bünyesinde barındıran dini grupların büyük çoğunluğu toplum açısından herhangi bir tehlike arz etmez iken, bu gruplar terör örgütlerine dönüşmeleri durumunda, devlet ve toplum açısından geleneksel bir terör örgütünden çok daha fazla tehlike yaratacaklardır. Bu makalede, kült benzeri dini grupların terör örgütlerine dönüşmeleri halinde, sahip oldukları avantajlar nedeniyle geleneksel terör örgütlerinden daha tehlikeli olacakları hususu, yaşanmış bir örnek olan Aum Shinrikyo örgütü merkeze alınarak analiz edilecektir.

References

  • Banisadr, Masoud. Living and Escaping Terrorist Cults. 2016.
  • Barker, Elieen. Religous Movements: Cult and Anticult Since Jonestown. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 1986.
  • Bleek, Philipp. Revisiting Aum Shinrikyo: New Insights into the Most Extensive Non-State Biological Weapons Program to Date. Nuclear Security Index, 2011.
  • Campbell, Colin. Clarifying the Cult. The British Journal of Sociology 28, no. 3, 1977.
  • Çoşar, Gürkan. PKK Terör Örgütü'nün Kuruluşu, Faaliyetleri Ve Türkiye'nin Mücadele Politikaları (Undergraduate). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi. 2019.
  • Faria, João Ricardo, and Daniel Arce. A Vintage Model of Terrorist Organizations. The Journal of Conflict Resolution 56, no. 4. 2012.
  • Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism, USA: Columbia University Press, 2005.
  • Jackson, Brian A., John C. Baker, Kim Cragin, John Parachini, Horacio R. Trujillo, and Peter Chalk. Aptitude for Destruction, Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups Santa Monica, CA; Arlington, VA; Pittsburgh, PA: RAND Corporation, 2005.
  • Jones, Seth G., and Martin C. Libicki. Policing and Japan’s Aum Shinrikyo. In How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering Al Qa'ida. RAND Corporation, 2008.
  • Layton, Julia. How Cults Work 2006, HowStuffWorks.com. <https://people.howstuffworks.com/cult.htm> 1 September 2021
  • Lawson, Sean. Aum Shinrikyo and the 1995 Tokyo Subway Attack in Historical Perspective. 2000.
  • Mackert Jürgen. The secret society and the social dynamics of terrorist behavior. Revue de synthese, 135(4), 2014.
  • Monahan, Torin. The Future of Security? Surveillance Operations at Homeland Security Fusion Centers. Social Justice, 37(2/3 (120-121)), 84-98, 2010.
  • Raevskiy, Alexander. Psychological Aspect of Religious Terrorism in Japan. 2013.
  • Rose, Gregory. Terrorism Financing in Foreign Conflict Zones. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 10(2), 2018.
  • Senate Government Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. (1995). Global Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Case Study on the Aum Shinrikyo. Senate Government Affairs Permanent Subcommittee. Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/congress/1995_rpt/aum/index.html.
  • Schmid, Alex. Terrorism - The Definitional Problem, 36 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 375, 2004.
  • Shupe, Anson. Wolves within the Fold. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 1998.
  • Simmel, Georg. The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies. American Journal of Sociology 11, no. 4, 1906.
  • Spencer, Michelle L. Lessons from Japan: Resilience after Tokyo and Fukushima. Journal of Strategic Security 6, no. 2. 2013
  • Umbrasas, Karl. The Life Course of Apocalyptic Groups. Journal of Strategic Security 11, no. 2, 2018.

The Potential for Religious Cults to Transform into Terrorist Organizations: The Aum Shinrikyo Case

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 196 - 207, 25.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.52792/tws.989841

Abstract

Today, there are perhaps millions of religious groups and formations worldwide. Several of these organizations and groupings are transparent and only concerned with spiritual issues in accordance with their structure and objectives of establishment. Others, on the other hand, have characteristics with so-called cult formations. Additionally, some of these cult-like religious organizations wield considerable bureaucratic, economic, and human power. The majority of religious organizations that exhibit cult-like characteristics and wield considerable influence do not represent any threat to society. However, if these groups turn into terrorist organizations, they pose a much greater threat to the state and society than a conventional terrorist organization. This article will examine the argument that if cult-like religious groups become terrorist organizations, they will be more dangerous than conventional terrorist organizations owing to their advantages. The Aum Shinrikyo organization will be used as a case study.

References

  • Banisadr, Masoud. Living and Escaping Terrorist Cults. 2016.
  • Barker, Elieen. Religous Movements: Cult and Anticult Since Jonestown. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 1986.
  • Bleek, Philipp. Revisiting Aum Shinrikyo: New Insights into the Most Extensive Non-State Biological Weapons Program to Date. Nuclear Security Index, 2011.
  • Campbell, Colin. Clarifying the Cult. The British Journal of Sociology 28, no. 3, 1977.
  • Çoşar, Gürkan. PKK Terör Örgütü'nün Kuruluşu, Faaliyetleri Ve Türkiye'nin Mücadele Politikaları (Undergraduate). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi. 2019.
  • Faria, João Ricardo, and Daniel Arce. A Vintage Model of Terrorist Organizations. The Journal of Conflict Resolution 56, no. 4. 2012.
  • Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism, USA: Columbia University Press, 2005.
  • Jackson, Brian A., John C. Baker, Kim Cragin, John Parachini, Horacio R. Trujillo, and Peter Chalk. Aptitude for Destruction, Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups Santa Monica, CA; Arlington, VA; Pittsburgh, PA: RAND Corporation, 2005.
  • Jones, Seth G., and Martin C. Libicki. Policing and Japan’s Aum Shinrikyo. In How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering Al Qa'ida. RAND Corporation, 2008.
  • Layton, Julia. How Cults Work 2006, HowStuffWorks.com. <https://people.howstuffworks.com/cult.htm> 1 September 2021
  • Lawson, Sean. Aum Shinrikyo and the 1995 Tokyo Subway Attack in Historical Perspective. 2000.
  • Mackert Jürgen. The secret society and the social dynamics of terrorist behavior. Revue de synthese, 135(4), 2014.
  • Monahan, Torin. The Future of Security? Surveillance Operations at Homeland Security Fusion Centers. Social Justice, 37(2/3 (120-121)), 84-98, 2010.
  • Raevskiy, Alexander. Psychological Aspect of Religious Terrorism in Japan. 2013.
  • Rose, Gregory. Terrorism Financing in Foreign Conflict Zones. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 10(2), 2018.
  • Senate Government Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. (1995). Global Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Case Study on the Aum Shinrikyo. Senate Government Affairs Permanent Subcommittee. Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/congress/1995_rpt/aum/index.html.
  • Schmid, Alex. Terrorism - The Definitional Problem, 36 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 375, 2004.
  • Shupe, Anson. Wolves within the Fold. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 1998.
  • Simmel, Georg. The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies. American Journal of Sociology 11, no. 4, 1906.
  • Spencer, Michelle L. Lessons from Japan: Resilience after Tokyo and Fukushima. Journal of Strategic Security 6, no. 2. 2013
  • Umbrasas, Karl. The Life Course of Apocalyptic Groups. Journal of Strategic Security 11, no. 2, 2018.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kürşad Kağan Ergün 0000-0002-4943-7049

Publication Date October 25, 2021
Submission Date September 2, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Ergün, Kürşad Kağan. “Dini Kültlerde Terör Örgütüne Dönüşme Potansiyeli: Aum Shinrikyo Vakası”. Türk Savaş Çalışmaları Dergisi 2, no. 2 (October 2021): 196-207. https://doi.org/10.52792/tws.989841.

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