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ABD ve 12 Eylül Darbesi: Bir Demokrasinin Darbeye Bakışı

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9, 48 - 63, 19.01.2017

Öz

Türkiye’de gerçekleşen darbelerde Amerikan etkisi her zaman dikkat çekici bir konu olmuştur. Bu çalışma, ABD yönetiminin 12 Eylül ile ilişkisini Amerikan ulusal arşivlerinde yer alan gizliliği kalkmış belgelere, Amerikan Kongresine ait raporlara, Amerikan diplomatlarının hatıralarına ve Amerikan basınına dayanarak ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır.  Bu amaca ulaşmak için 12 Eylül öncesinde ABD’nin Türkiye’de gerçekleşmesi muhtemel bir darbeye ilişkin görüşleri ve 12 Eylül sonrasında ABD’nin darbeye yaklaşımı mercek altına alınmıştır. Edinilen belgeler ışığında, Amerikan yönetiminin 12 Eylül öncesinde darbenin gelişinden haberdar olduğu, darbenin aktörlerini yakından tanıdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 12 Eylül sonrasında ise, Amerika’nın Türkiye’deki askeri yönetimi siyasi ve ekonomik olarak desteklediği, karşılığında ise ikili ilişkilerde son yıllarda ortaya çıkan ayrışmaya son vererek, problemlerin kendi ulusal çıkarları doğrultusunda çözülmesini sağladığı görülmüştür.

 

Kaynakça

  • Arşiv Belgeleri
  • CIA, “Turkey: Forging a New Order An Intelligent Assesment”, 15.01.1981, CIA-RDP83B00140R000100120002-0, CIA Records Search Tool (Crest), Natinal Archives, College Park, MD.
  • Paul B. Henze, “Instability an Terrorism in NATO South, Records of Workshop on NATO’s Southern Flank, The Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf, Napel, September 21-23,1981, National Security Archive, Milton Moss Donation, , Box 4
  • Telegram From AmEmbassy Ankara to Secretary State Washington, 05.03.1977, Subject: US Turkish Security Relationship, National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, 1977. Confidential, http://aad.archives.gov (Çevrimiçi, 26.10.2015)
  • Telegram From AmEmbassy Ankara to Secretary State Washington, 20.04.1978, Subject: Political Trend Analysis: The Ecevit Governments First Hundred Days-And The Next, National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, 1978. Confidential, http://aad.archives.gov (Çevrimiçi, 26.10.2015)
  • United States National Security Council Staff, Information Memorandum From Paul B. Henze For Zbigniew Brzezinski, 20.02.1980, Subject: Evening Report—20 February 1980, Secret. DNSA Koleksiyonu, CIA Covert Operations: From Carter to Obama, 1977-2010. http:// www.proquest.com (Çevrimiçi, 13 Kasım 2015)
  • Resmi Yayınlar
  • U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of United States, 1977-1980, C.XXI Cyprus; Turkey; Greece, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2014.
  • U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Turkey, Greece and NATO: The Strained Alliance, Committee Print, 96th Congress, 2nd Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1980.
  • U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Europe and Middle East, Turkey's Problems and Prospects: Implications for U.S. Interests, Committee Print, 96th Congress, 2nd Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1980.
  • U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Ellen Laipson, Turkey and U.S. Interests, Report No. IB79089, Washington, 1980.
  • U.S. Congress, Congressional Record-House, 96th Congress, 2nd Session, September 29, 1980.
  • U.S. Congress, Senate, Terrorism: Turksih Experiece Hearings Before the Subcommittee of The Committee on The Judiciary, 97th Congress, 1st Session, U.S. Govenment Printing Office, Washington, 1981.
  • U.S. Congress, Senato, A Report to The Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate, NATO Today : The Alliance in Evolution, Committee Print, 97th Congress, 2nd Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1982.
  • U.S. Congress, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Staff Report on The Human Rights Situation in Turkey, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1982.
  • White House Statement Concerning the Centennial Anniversery of the Birth of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk of Turkey, 02.04.1981, Public Papers of The Presidents of The United States: Ronald Reagan- January 20 to December 31,1981, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1982.
  • U.S. Congress, House, Report Prepared For The Subcommittee on Europe and The Middle East of The Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S., U.S. Interests In The Eastern Mediterranean: Turkey, Greece and Cyprus, Committee Print, 98th Congress, 1st Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1983.
  • U.S. Congress, Senato, A Report to The Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate, U.S. Security Assistance to NATO’s Southern Flank, Committee Print, 98th Congress, 1st Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1983.
  • The Department of State Bulletin, C.80, S.2044 (Kasım 1980) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1980.
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Alfred Joseph White, 17.09.1997, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2004whi01 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015)
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Dennis Cux, 13.01.1995, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2004kux01 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015)
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Ronald I. Spiers, 11.11.1999, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2004spi02 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015)
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Arma J. Karaer, 19.04.2004, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2007kar01 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015
  • Süreli Yayınlar
  • The Baltimore Sun
  • Chicago Tribune
  • Hartford Courant
  • Los Angeles Times
  • Tercüman
  • The Christian Science Monitor
  • The Guardian
  • The New York Times
  • The San Bernardio County Sun
  • The Washington Post
  • Araştırma İnceleme Eserleri
  • Ahmad, Feroz, Modern Türkiye'nin Oluşumu, Çev. Yavuz Alogan, Ankara, Doruk Yayınları, 2002.
  • Evren, Kenan Kenan Evren’in Anıları, Milliyet Yayınları, İstanbul, 1990, C.III
  • Spain, James W., American Diplomacy in Turkey : Memoirs of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Praeger Publishers, New
  • York, 1984
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9, 48 - 63, 19.01.2017

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Arşiv Belgeleri
  • CIA, “Turkey: Forging a New Order An Intelligent Assesment”, 15.01.1981, CIA-RDP83B00140R000100120002-0, CIA Records Search Tool (Crest), Natinal Archives, College Park, MD.
  • Paul B. Henze, “Instability an Terrorism in NATO South, Records of Workshop on NATO’s Southern Flank, The Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf, Napel, September 21-23,1981, National Security Archive, Milton Moss Donation, , Box 4
  • Telegram From AmEmbassy Ankara to Secretary State Washington, 05.03.1977, Subject: US Turkish Security Relationship, National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, 1977. Confidential, http://aad.archives.gov (Çevrimiçi, 26.10.2015)
  • Telegram From AmEmbassy Ankara to Secretary State Washington, 20.04.1978, Subject: Political Trend Analysis: The Ecevit Governments First Hundred Days-And The Next, National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, 1978. Confidential, http://aad.archives.gov (Çevrimiçi, 26.10.2015)
  • United States National Security Council Staff, Information Memorandum From Paul B. Henze For Zbigniew Brzezinski, 20.02.1980, Subject: Evening Report—20 February 1980, Secret. DNSA Koleksiyonu, CIA Covert Operations: From Carter to Obama, 1977-2010. http:// www.proquest.com (Çevrimiçi, 13 Kasım 2015)
  • Resmi Yayınlar
  • U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of United States, 1977-1980, C.XXI Cyprus; Turkey; Greece, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2014.
  • U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Turkey, Greece and NATO: The Strained Alliance, Committee Print, 96th Congress, 2nd Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1980.
  • U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Europe and Middle East, Turkey's Problems and Prospects: Implications for U.S. Interests, Committee Print, 96th Congress, 2nd Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1980.
  • U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Ellen Laipson, Turkey and U.S. Interests, Report No. IB79089, Washington, 1980.
  • U.S. Congress, Congressional Record-House, 96th Congress, 2nd Session, September 29, 1980.
  • U.S. Congress, Senate, Terrorism: Turksih Experiece Hearings Before the Subcommittee of The Committee on The Judiciary, 97th Congress, 1st Session, U.S. Govenment Printing Office, Washington, 1981.
  • U.S. Congress, Senato, A Report to The Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate, NATO Today : The Alliance in Evolution, Committee Print, 97th Congress, 2nd Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1982.
  • U.S. Congress, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Staff Report on The Human Rights Situation in Turkey, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1982.
  • White House Statement Concerning the Centennial Anniversery of the Birth of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk of Turkey, 02.04.1981, Public Papers of The Presidents of The United States: Ronald Reagan- January 20 to December 31,1981, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1982.
  • U.S. Congress, House, Report Prepared For The Subcommittee on Europe and The Middle East of The Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S., U.S. Interests In The Eastern Mediterranean: Turkey, Greece and Cyprus, Committee Print, 98th Congress, 1st Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1983.
  • U.S. Congress, Senato, A Report to The Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate, U.S. Security Assistance to NATO’s Southern Flank, Committee Print, 98th Congress, 1st Session, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1983.
  • The Department of State Bulletin, C.80, S.2044 (Kasım 1980) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1980.
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Alfred Joseph White, 17.09.1997, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2004whi01 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015)
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Dennis Cux, 13.01.1995, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2004kux01 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015)
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Ronald I. Spiers, 11.11.1999, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2004spi02 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015)
  • Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Interview With Arma J. Karaer, 19.04.2004, ADST, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C., Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip. 2007kar01 (Çevrimiçi,26.10.2015
  • Süreli Yayınlar
  • The Baltimore Sun
  • Chicago Tribune
  • Hartford Courant
  • Los Angeles Times
  • Tercüman
  • The Christian Science Monitor
  • The Guardian
  • The New York Times
  • The San Bernardio County Sun
  • The Washington Post
  • Araştırma İnceleme Eserleri
  • Ahmad, Feroz, Modern Türkiye'nin Oluşumu, Çev. Yavuz Alogan, Ankara, Doruk Yayınları, 2002.
  • Evren, Kenan Kenan Evren’in Anıları, Milliyet Yayınları, İstanbul, 1990, C.III
  • Spain, James W., American Diplomacy in Turkey : Memoirs of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Praeger Publishers, New
  • York, 1984
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Özata

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ocak 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Ekim 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9

Kaynak Göster

APA Özata, M. (2017). ABD ve 12 Eylül Darbesi: Bir Demokrasinin Darbeye Bakışı. Asia Minor Studies, 5(9), 48-63.