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Dijitalleşme ve ekonomik büyüme: AB ülkelerinden yeni kanıtlar

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 49, 99 - 114, 23.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1234251

Öz

Günümüz dünyası bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte dijital bir dönüşüm yaşamaktadır. Sosyal ve ekonomik alanda etkili olan dijitalleşme ülkelerin ekonomik büyüme ve rekabet gücü açısından daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 27 AB ülkesinde 2000-2020 dönemi için dijitalleşmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analizi yöntemini kullanarak incelemektir. Araştırmada değişkenler arasındaki ekonometrik ilişki, Driscoll-Kraay (1998) standart hatalar tahmincisi kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmada bağımsız değişken olarak dijitalleşme göstergelerini temsilen bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisi ürünleri ihracatı, internet kullanan birey sayısı ve cep telefonu abone sayısı kullanılmıştır. Bağımlı değişken olan ekonomik büyümeyi temsilen kişi başına düşen reel GSYH alınmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre dijitalleşme göstergelerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları dijitalleşmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif etkide bulunacağını savunan teorik ve ampirik literatürü desteklemektedir. Dijitalleşmeye ve Bilgi ve İletişim teknolojileri altyapısına yapılacak yatırımların önemli kazanımlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, M., Majeed, A., Khan, M. A., Sohaib, M. ve Shehzad, K. (2021). Digital financial inclusion and economic growth: Provincial data analysis of China. China Economic Journal, 14(3), 291-310.
  • Aleksandrova, A., Truntsevsky, Y. ve Polutova, M. (2022). Digitalization and its impact on economic growth. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, (42):424-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3306.
  • Aly, H. (2020). Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: Is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing? Review of Economics and Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-11-2019-0145
  • Artan, S., Hayaloğlu, P. ve Baltacı, N. (2014). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Geçiş ekonomileri örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(1), 199-214.
  • Bakari, S. (2021). Innovation and economic growth: Does internet matter? BILTURK, The Journal of Economics and Related Studies, 3(2), 109‐116. https://doi: 10.47103/bilturk.706165
  • Bakari, S. ve Tiba, S. (2020). The impact of internet on economic growth in North Africa: New empirical and policy analysis. MPRA Paper No. 100609. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100609/
  • Bakari, S., Weriemmi E.M. ve Mabrouki, M. (2022). The impact of digitalization and trade openness on economic growth: New evidence from richest Asian countries. MPRA Paper No. 113816. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/113816/.
  • Bogoviz, A. V., Lobova, S. V., Alekseev, A. N., Koryagina, I. A.ve Aleksashina, T. V. (2017). Digitization and internetization of the Russian economy: achievements and failures. Elena G. Popkova (Ed). International conference on humans as an object of study by modern science içinde (ss 609-616). Springer.
  • Brodny, J. ve Tutak, M. (2022). Analyzing the level of digitalization among the enterprises of the european union member states and their ımpact on economic growth. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2), 70.
  • Bukht, R. ve Heeks, R. (2017). Defining, conceptualising and measuring the digital economy. Development Informatics working paper, 68: 1-7.
  • Chen, P., Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2022). Panel unit root tests with structural breaks. The Stata Journal, 22(3), 664-678.
  • Choi, C. ve Yi, M. Y. (2018) The Internet, R&D expenditure and economic growth, Applied Economics Letters, 25:4, 264-267. https:// 10.1080/13504851.2017.1316819.
  • David, O. O. (2019). Nexus between telecommunication infrastructures, economic growth and development in Africa: Panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.03.005.
  • Driscoll, J. C. ve Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimatıon with spatiallydependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549-560.
  • Edquist, H., Goodridge, P., Haskel, J., Li, X. ve Lindquist, E. (2018). How important are mobile broadband networks for the global economic development? Information Economics and Policy, 45, 16-29.
  • Erdil, E., Türkcan, B. ve Yetkiner, H. (2009). Does information and communication technologies sustain economic growth? The under developed and developing countries case. TEKPOL Working Paper Series, 09/03.
  • Evangelista, R., Guerrieri, P. ve Meliciani, V. (2014). The economic impact of digital technologies in Europe. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 23(8), 802-824.
  • European Commission, 2022. 30 Ekim 2022 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age_en adresinden ulaşıldı.
  • Ghosh, S. (2017). Broadband penetration and economic growth: Do policies matter? Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 676-693.
  • Habibi, F. ve Zabardast, M. A. (2020). Digitalization, education and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Middle East and OECD countries. Technology in Society, 63, 101370.
  • Haftu, G. G. (2019). Information communications technology and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel data approach. Telecommunications Policy, 43(1), 88-99.
  • Heimerl, V. ve Werner, R. (2018). Digitalization and development cooperation: an assessment of the debate and its implications for policy. Briefing Paper, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (OFSE), 19.
  • Hernandez, K., Faith, B., Prieto Martín, P. ve Ramalingam, B. (2016). The impact of digital technology on economic growth and productivity, and its implications for employment and equality: An evidence review.IDS Evidence Report, 207.
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281-312.
  • Hosan, S., Karmaker, S. C., Rahman, M. M., Chapman, A. J. ve Saha, B. B. (2022). Dynamic links among the demographic dividend, digitalization, energy intensity and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from emerging economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129858.
  • Jiao, S. ve Sun, Q. (2021). Digital economic development and its impact on econimic growth in China. Research Based on the Prespective of Sustainability. Sustainability, 13, 10245. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su131810245.
  • Jovanović M., Dlačić, J. ve Okanović, M. (2018). Digitalization and society’s sustainable development – measures and implications. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, 36(2), 905-928. https://10.18045/zbefri.2018.2.905.
  • Jurayevich, M. B. ve Bulturbayevich, M. B. (2020). The impact of the digital economy on economic growth. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(6), 16-18.
  • Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2014). Testing for unit roots in short panels allowing fora structural break. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 76, 391-407.
  • Khosropour. A. (2017). A panel data analysis of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: Evidence from IRAN. Revista QUID (Special Issue), 2423-2431.
  • Konu, A. (2018). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve dijital ekonomi ilişkisi: AB ülkeleri için bir araştırma. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 15(2), 655-678.
  • Kravchenko, O., Leshchenko, M., Marushckhak, D. Vdovychenko, Y. ve Boguslavska, S. (2019). Digitalization as a global trend and growth factor of the modern economy. SHS Web of Conference 65. 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196507004
  • Liu, Y., Luan, L., Wu, W., Zhang, Z. ve Hsu, Y. (2021). Can digital financial inclusion promote China's economic growth? International Review of Financial Analysis, 78, 101889.
  • Maiti, D., Castellacci, F. ve Melchior, A. (2020). Digitalisation and development: Issues for India and beyond. Maiti, D., Castellacci, F., Melchior, A. (Ed) Digitalisation and Development. içinde (ss.3-29). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9996-1_1
  • Millo, G. (2017). Robust standard error estimators for panelmodels: A unifying approach. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(3), 1-27. https://doi:10.18637/jss.v082.i03.
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2019). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101856
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), 101856.
  • Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between broadband and economic growth. 5 Temmuz 2022 tarihindehttp://documents1. worldbank.org/curated/en/178701467988875888/pdf/102955-WP-Box394845B-PUBLICWDR16- BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Ngameni, J.P., Kemmanang, L.F. L. ve Ngassam, S. B. (2022). Growth gap between China and Africa: Do digital technologies matter? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13:24-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00716-3.
  • Olcyzk, M. ve Kuc-Czarnecka, M. (2022). Digital transformation and economic growth improvement and implementation. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(3):775-803.
  • Olszewska, K. (2020). Fostering digital business transformation and digital skill development for economic growth and social inclusion in Poland: a preliminary study. Social Inequalities and Economic Growth, 62 (2/2020). DOI: 10.15584/nsawg.2020.2.18.
  • Ozturk, I. ve Ullah, S. (2022). Does digital financial inclusion matter for economic growth and environmental sustainability in OBRI economies? An empirical analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 185, 106489.
  • Özkan, G. S., ve Çelik, H. (2018). Bilgi iletişim teknolojileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye için bir uygulama. Journal of International Trade and Economic Researches, 2(1), 1-15.
  • Pakdemirli, B. (2016). Dijital dönüşümün ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye örneği [Doktora Tezi], T.C. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi.
  • Parida,V., Sjodin, D. ve Reim, W. (2019). Reviewing literature on digitalization, business model innovation, and sustainable industry: Past achievements and future promises. Sustainability, 11, 391. https://doi:10.3390/su11020391.
  • Park, H. J. ve Choi, S. O. (2019). Digital innovation adoption and its economic impact focused on path analysis at national level. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030056.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels.IZA Dıscussion Paper Series, 1240.
  • Pradhan, R.P., Bele, S. ve Pandey, S. (2013) Internet growth nexus: Evidence from cross-country panel data. Applied Economics Letters, 20(16), 1511-1515. https://10.1080/13504851.2013.829170.
  • Pradhan, R. P., Mak B. A., Nair, M., Sara E. Bennett, S. E.ve Bahmani, S. (2019). Short-term and long-term dynamics of venture capital and economic growth in a digital economy: a study of European countries. Technology in Society, 57, 125-134.
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Digitalization and economic growth: new evidence from EU countries

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 49, 99 - 114, 23.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1234251

Öz

Today's world is on the verge of a digital transformation with the developments in information and communication technologies. The digitalization process experienced affects societies both economically and socially. Recently, digitalization has become more important in terms of economic growth and competitiveness of countries. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of digitalization on economic growth for the period 2000-2020 in 27 EU countries by using panel data analysis method. In the study, the econometric relationship between the variables was estimated using the Driscoll-Kraay (1998) standard errors estimator. In the study, exports of information and communication technology products, the number of individuals using the internet and the number of mobile phone subscribers were used as the independent variables representing the digitalization indicators. Real GDP per capita is taken to represent economic growth, which is the dependent variable. According to the findings of the research, it has been determined that digitalization indicators have a significant and positive effect on economic growth. The findings of the study support the theoretical and empirical literature that argues that digitalization will have a positive effect on economic growth. It is thought that investments to be made in digitalization and ICT infrastructure will provide significant gains.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, M., Majeed, A., Khan, M. A., Sohaib, M. ve Shehzad, K. (2021). Digital financial inclusion and economic growth: Provincial data analysis of China. China Economic Journal, 14(3), 291-310.
  • Aleksandrova, A., Truntsevsky, Y. ve Polutova, M. (2022). Digitalization and its impact on economic growth. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, (42):424-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3306.
  • Aly, H. (2020). Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: Is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing? Review of Economics and Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-11-2019-0145
  • Artan, S., Hayaloğlu, P. ve Baltacı, N. (2014). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Geçiş ekonomileri örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(1), 199-214.
  • Bakari, S. (2021). Innovation and economic growth: Does internet matter? BILTURK, The Journal of Economics and Related Studies, 3(2), 109‐116. https://doi: 10.47103/bilturk.706165
  • Bakari, S. ve Tiba, S. (2020). The impact of internet on economic growth in North Africa: New empirical and policy analysis. MPRA Paper No. 100609. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100609/
  • Bakari, S., Weriemmi E.M. ve Mabrouki, M. (2022). The impact of digitalization and trade openness on economic growth: New evidence from richest Asian countries. MPRA Paper No. 113816. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/113816/.
  • Bogoviz, A. V., Lobova, S. V., Alekseev, A. N., Koryagina, I. A.ve Aleksashina, T. V. (2017). Digitization and internetization of the Russian economy: achievements and failures. Elena G. Popkova (Ed). International conference on humans as an object of study by modern science içinde (ss 609-616). Springer.
  • Brodny, J. ve Tutak, M. (2022). Analyzing the level of digitalization among the enterprises of the european union member states and their ımpact on economic growth. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2), 70.
  • Bukht, R. ve Heeks, R. (2017). Defining, conceptualising and measuring the digital economy. Development Informatics working paper, 68: 1-7.
  • Chen, P., Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2022). Panel unit root tests with structural breaks. The Stata Journal, 22(3), 664-678.
  • Choi, C. ve Yi, M. Y. (2018) The Internet, R&D expenditure and economic growth, Applied Economics Letters, 25:4, 264-267. https:// 10.1080/13504851.2017.1316819.
  • David, O. O. (2019). Nexus between telecommunication infrastructures, economic growth and development in Africa: Panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.03.005.
  • Driscoll, J. C. ve Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimatıon with spatiallydependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549-560.
  • Edquist, H., Goodridge, P., Haskel, J., Li, X. ve Lindquist, E. (2018). How important are mobile broadband networks for the global economic development? Information Economics and Policy, 45, 16-29.
  • Erdil, E., Türkcan, B. ve Yetkiner, H. (2009). Does information and communication technologies sustain economic growth? The under developed and developing countries case. TEKPOL Working Paper Series, 09/03.
  • Evangelista, R., Guerrieri, P. ve Meliciani, V. (2014). The economic impact of digital technologies in Europe. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 23(8), 802-824.
  • European Commission, 2022. 30 Ekim 2022 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age_en adresinden ulaşıldı.
  • Ghosh, S. (2017). Broadband penetration and economic growth: Do policies matter? Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 676-693.
  • Habibi, F. ve Zabardast, M. A. (2020). Digitalization, education and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Middle East and OECD countries. Technology in Society, 63, 101370.
  • Haftu, G. G. (2019). Information communications technology and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel data approach. Telecommunications Policy, 43(1), 88-99.
  • Heimerl, V. ve Werner, R. (2018). Digitalization and development cooperation: an assessment of the debate and its implications for policy. Briefing Paper, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (OFSE), 19.
  • Hernandez, K., Faith, B., Prieto Martín, P. ve Ramalingam, B. (2016). The impact of digital technology on economic growth and productivity, and its implications for employment and equality: An evidence review.IDS Evidence Report, 207.
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281-312.
  • Hosan, S., Karmaker, S. C., Rahman, M. M., Chapman, A. J. ve Saha, B. B. (2022). Dynamic links among the demographic dividend, digitalization, energy intensity and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from emerging economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129858.
  • Jiao, S. ve Sun, Q. (2021). Digital economic development and its impact on econimic growth in China. Research Based on the Prespective of Sustainability. Sustainability, 13, 10245. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su131810245.
  • Jovanović M., Dlačić, J. ve Okanović, M. (2018). Digitalization and society’s sustainable development – measures and implications. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, 36(2), 905-928. https://10.18045/zbefri.2018.2.905.
  • Jurayevich, M. B. ve Bulturbayevich, M. B. (2020). The impact of the digital economy on economic growth. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(6), 16-18.
  • Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2014). Testing for unit roots in short panels allowing fora structural break. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 76, 391-407.
  • Khosropour. A. (2017). A panel data analysis of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: Evidence from IRAN. Revista QUID (Special Issue), 2423-2431.
  • Konu, A. (2018). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve dijital ekonomi ilişkisi: AB ülkeleri için bir araştırma. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 15(2), 655-678.
  • Kravchenko, O., Leshchenko, M., Marushckhak, D. Vdovychenko, Y. ve Boguslavska, S. (2019). Digitalization as a global trend and growth factor of the modern economy. SHS Web of Conference 65. 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196507004
  • Liu, Y., Luan, L., Wu, W., Zhang, Z. ve Hsu, Y. (2021). Can digital financial inclusion promote China's economic growth? International Review of Financial Analysis, 78, 101889.
  • Maiti, D., Castellacci, F. ve Melchior, A. (2020). Digitalisation and development: Issues for India and beyond. Maiti, D., Castellacci, F., Melchior, A. (Ed) Digitalisation and Development. içinde (ss.3-29). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9996-1_1
  • Millo, G. (2017). Robust standard error estimators for panelmodels: A unifying approach. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(3), 1-27. https://doi:10.18637/jss.v082.i03.
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2019). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101856
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), 101856.
  • Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between broadband and economic growth. 5 Temmuz 2022 tarihindehttp://documents1. worldbank.org/curated/en/178701467988875888/pdf/102955-WP-Box394845B-PUBLICWDR16- BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Ngameni, J.P., Kemmanang, L.F. L. ve Ngassam, S. B. (2022). Growth gap between China and Africa: Do digital technologies matter? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13:24-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00716-3.
  • Olcyzk, M. ve Kuc-Czarnecka, M. (2022). Digital transformation and economic growth improvement and implementation. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(3):775-803.
  • Olszewska, K. (2020). Fostering digital business transformation and digital skill development for economic growth and social inclusion in Poland: a preliminary study. Social Inequalities and Economic Growth, 62 (2/2020). DOI: 10.15584/nsawg.2020.2.18.
  • Ozturk, I. ve Ullah, S. (2022). Does digital financial inclusion matter for economic growth and environmental sustainability in OBRI economies? An empirical analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 185, 106489.
  • Özkan, G. S., ve Çelik, H. (2018). Bilgi iletişim teknolojileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye için bir uygulama. Journal of International Trade and Economic Researches, 2(1), 1-15.
  • Pakdemirli, B. (2016). Dijital dönüşümün ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye örneği [Doktora Tezi], T.C. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi.
  • Parida,V., Sjodin, D. ve Reim, W. (2019). Reviewing literature on digitalization, business model innovation, and sustainable industry: Past achievements and future promises. Sustainability, 11, 391. https://doi:10.3390/su11020391.
  • Park, H. J. ve Choi, S. O. (2019). Digital innovation adoption and its economic impact focused on path analysis at national level. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030056.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels.IZA Dıscussion Paper Series, 1240.
  • Pradhan, R.P., Bele, S. ve Pandey, S. (2013) Internet growth nexus: Evidence from cross-country panel data. Applied Economics Letters, 20(16), 1511-1515. https://10.1080/13504851.2013.829170.
  • Pradhan, R. P., Mak B. A., Nair, M., Sara E. Bennett, S. E.ve Bahmani, S. (2019). Short-term and long-term dynamics of venture capital and economic growth in a digital economy: a study of European countries. Technology in Society, 57, 125-134.
  • Qu, J., Simes, R. ve O'Mahony, J. (2017). How do digital technologies drive economic growth? Economic Record, 93, 57-69.
  • Rojko, A. (2017). Industry 4.0 concept: background and overview.International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(5), 77-90.
  • Saidi, K. ve Mongi, C. (2018). The effect of education, R&D and ICT on economic growth in high income countries.Economics Bulletin, 38(2), 810-825.
  • Salahuddin, M. Tisdell, C. Burton, L. ve Alam, K. (2015). Social capital formation, internet usage and economic growth in Australia: Evidence from time series data. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(4), 942-953.
  • Sabbagh, K., Friedrich, R., El-Darwiche, B., Singh, M. ve Koster, A. (2013). Digitization for economic growth and job creation: Regional and industry perspectives. The global Information Technology Report, World Economic Forum, 35–42. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GITR/2013/GITR_Chapter1.2_2013.pdf
  • Solomon, E. M. ve Van Klyton, A. (2020). The impact of digital technology usage on economic growth in Africa. Utilities Policy, 67, 101104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101104
  • Stavytskyy, A., Kharlamova, G. ve Stoica, E. A. (2019). The analysis of the digital economy and society index in the EU. Baltic Journal of European Studies, 9(3), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0032
  • Topcu, B.A. (2021). Dijital ekonomi ve göstergelerinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi: AB ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 4(2), 455-465.
  • Türedi, S. (2013). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için panel veri analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 4(7), 298-322.
  • Tripathi, M. ve Inani, S.K. (2016). Does internet affect economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa? Economics Bulletin, 36(4),1993-2002.
  • Vyshnevskyi, O., Stashkevych, I., Shubna, O. ve Barkova, S. (2021). Economic growth in the conditions of digitalization in the EU countries. Estudios De Economía Aplicada, 38(4), 4041.
  • Ward. M. R., ve Zheng, S. (2016). Mobile telecommunications service and economic growth: Evidence from China. Telecommunications Policy, 40(2-3), 89-101.
  • Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. ve Neittaanmäki, P. (2018). Consequences of the digital economy : transformation of the growth concept. International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 10(2), 21-39.
  • World Bank. Indicators.15 Ekim 2022 tarihindehttps://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators adresinden erişildi.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 49, 99 - 114, 23.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1234251

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, M., Majeed, A., Khan, M. A., Sohaib, M. ve Shehzad, K. (2021). Digital financial inclusion and economic growth: Provincial data analysis of China. China Economic Journal, 14(3), 291-310.
  • Aleksandrova, A., Truntsevsky, Y. ve Polutova, M. (2022). Digitalization and its impact on economic growth. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, (42):424-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3306.
  • Aly, H. (2020). Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: Is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing? Review of Economics and Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-11-2019-0145
  • Artan, S., Hayaloğlu, P. ve Baltacı, N. (2014). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Geçiş ekonomileri örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(1), 199-214.
  • Bakari, S. (2021). Innovation and economic growth: Does internet matter? BILTURK, The Journal of Economics and Related Studies, 3(2), 109‐116. https://doi: 10.47103/bilturk.706165
  • Bakari, S. ve Tiba, S. (2020). The impact of internet on economic growth in North Africa: New empirical and policy analysis. MPRA Paper No. 100609. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100609/
  • Bakari, S., Weriemmi E.M. ve Mabrouki, M. (2022). The impact of digitalization and trade openness on economic growth: New evidence from richest Asian countries. MPRA Paper No. 113816. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/113816/.
  • Bogoviz, A. V., Lobova, S. V., Alekseev, A. N., Koryagina, I. A.ve Aleksashina, T. V. (2017). Digitization and internetization of the Russian economy: achievements and failures. Elena G. Popkova (Ed). International conference on humans as an object of study by modern science içinde (ss 609-616). Springer.
  • Brodny, J. ve Tutak, M. (2022). Analyzing the level of digitalization among the enterprises of the european union member states and their ımpact on economic growth. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2), 70.
  • Bukht, R. ve Heeks, R. (2017). Defining, conceptualising and measuring the digital economy. Development Informatics working paper, 68: 1-7.
  • Chen, P., Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2022). Panel unit root tests with structural breaks. The Stata Journal, 22(3), 664-678.
  • Choi, C. ve Yi, M. Y. (2018) The Internet, R&D expenditure and economic growth, Applied Economics Letters, 25:4, 264-267. https:// 10.1080/13504851.2017.1316819.
  • David, O. O. (2019). Nexus between telecommunication infrastructures, economic growth and development in Africa: Panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.03.005.
  • Driscoll, J. C. ve Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimatıon with spatiallydependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549-560.
  • Edquist, H., Goodridge, P., Haskel, J., Li, X. ve Lindquist, E. (2018). How important are mobile broadband networks for the global economic development? Information Economics and Policy, 45, 16-29.
  • Erdil, E., Türkcan, B. ve Yetkiner, H. (2009). Does information and communication technologies sustain economic growth? The under developed and developing countries case. TEKPOL Working Paper Series, 09/03.
  • Evangelista, R., Guerrieri, P. ve Meliciani, V. (2014). The economic impact of digital technologies in Europe. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 23(8), 802-824.
  • European Commission, 2022. 30 Ekim 2022 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age_en adresinden ulaşıldı.
  • Ghosh, S. (2017). Broadband penetration and economic growth: Do policies matter? Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 676-693.
  • Habibi, F. ve Zabardast, M. A. (2020). Digitalization, education and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Middle East and OECD countries. Technology in Society, 63, 101370.
  • Haftu, G. G. (2019). Information communications technology and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel data approach. Telecommunications Policy, 43(1), 88-99.
  • Heimerl, V. ve Werner, R. (2018). Digitalization and development cooperation: an assessment of the debate and its implications for policy. Briefing Paper, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (OFSE), 19.
  • Hernandez, K., Faith, B., Prieto Martín, P. ve Ramalingam, B. (2016). The impact of digital technology on economic growth and productivity, and its implications for employment and equality: An evidence review.IDS Evidence Report, 207.
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281-312.
  • Hosan, S., Karmaker, S. C., Rahman, M. M., Chapman, A. J. ve Saha, B. B. (2022). Dynamic links among the demographic dividend, digitalization, energy intensity and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from emerging economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129858.
  • Jiao, S. ve Sun, Q. (2021). Digital economic development and its impact on econimic growth in China. Research Based on the Prespective of Sustainability. Sustainability, 13, 10245. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su131810245.
  • Jovanović M., Dlačić, J. ve Okanović, M. (2018). Digitalization and society’s sustainable development – measures and implications. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, 36(2), 905-928. https://10.18045/zbefri.2018.2.905.
  • Jurayevich, M. B. ve Bulturbayevich, M. B. (2020). The impact of the digital economy on economic growth. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(6), 16-18.
  • Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2014). Testing for unit roots in short panels allowing fora structural break. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 76, 391-407.
  • Khosropour. A. (2017). A panel data analysis of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: Evidence from IRAN. Revista QUID (Special Issue), 2423-2431.
  • Konu, A. (2018). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve dijital ekonomi ilişkisi: AB ülkeleri için bir araştırma. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 15(2), 655-678.
  • Kravchenko, O., Leshchenko, M., Marushckhak, D. Vdovychenko, Y. ve Boguslavska, S. (2019). Digitalization as a global trend and growth factor of the modern economy. SHS Web of Conference 65. 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196507004
  • Liu, Y., Luan, L., Wu, W., Zhang, Z. ve Hsu, Y. (2021). Can digital financial inclusion promote China's economic growth? International Review of Financial Analysis, 78, 101889.
  • Maiti, D., Castellacci, F. ve Melchior, A. (2020). Digitalisation and development: Issues for India and beyond. Maiti, D., Castellacci, F., Melchior, A. (Ed) Digitalisation and Development. içinde (ss.3-29). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9996-1_1
  • Millo, G. (2017). Robust standard error estimators for panelmodels: A unifying approach. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(3), 1-27. https://doi:10.18637/jss.v082.i03.
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2019). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101856
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), 101856.
  • Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between broadband and economic growth. 5 Temmuz 2022 tarihindehttp://documents1. worldbank.org/curated/en/178701467988875888/pdf/102955-WP-Box394845B-PUBLICWDR16- BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Ngameni, J.P., Kemmanang, L.F. L. ve Ngassam, S. B. (2022). Growth gap between China and Africa: Do digital technologies matter? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13:24-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00716-3.
  • Olcyzk, M. ve Kuc-Czarnecka, M. (2022). Digital transformation and economic growth improvement and implementation. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(3):775-803.
  • Olszewska, K. (2020). Fostering digital business transformation and digital skill development for economic growth and social inclusion in Poland: a preliminary study. Social Inequalities and Economic Growth, 62 (2/2020). DOI: 10.15584/nsawg.2020.2.18.
  • Ozturk, I. ve Ullah, S. (2022). Does digital financial inclusion matter for economic growth and environmental sustainability in OBRI economies? An empirical analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 185, 106489.
  • Özkan, G. S., ve Çelik, H. (2018). Bilgi iletişim teknolojileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye için bir uygulama. Journal of International Trade and Economic Researches, 2(1), 1-15.
  • Pakdemirli, B. (2016). Dijital dönüşümün ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye örneği [Doktora Tezi], T.C. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi.
  • Parida,V., Sjodin, D. ve Reim, W. (2019). Reviewing literature on digitalization, business model innovation, and sustainable industry: Past achievements and future promises. Sustainability, 11, 391. https://doi:10.3390/su11020391.
  • Park, H. J. ve Choi, S. O. (2019). Digital innovation adoption and its economic impact focused on path analysis at national level. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030056.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels.IZA Dıscussion Paper Series, 1240.
  • Pradhan, R.P., Bele, S. ve Pandey, S. (2013) Internet growth nexus: Evidence from cross-country panel data. Applied Economics Letters, 20(16), 1511-1515. https://10.1080/13504851.2013.829170.
  • Pradhan, R. P., Mak B. A., Nair, M., Sara E. Bennett, S. E.ve Bahmani, S. (2019). Short-term and long-term dynamics of venture capital and economic growth in a digital economy: a study of European countries. Technology in Society, 57, 125-134.
  • Qu, J., Simes, R. ve O'Mahony, J. (2017). How do digital technologies drive economic growth? Economic Record, 93, 57-69.
  • Rojko, A. (2017). Industry 4.0 concept: background and overview.International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(5), 77-90.
  • Saidi, K. ve Mongi, C. (2018). The effect of education, R&D and ICT on economic growth in high income countries.Economics Bulletin, 38(2), 810-825.
  • Salahuddin, M. Tisdell, C. Burton, L. ve Alam, K. (2015). Social capital formation, internet usage and economic growth in Australia: Evidence from time series data. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(4), 942-953.
  • Sabbagh, K., Friedrich, R., El-Darwiche, B., Singh, M. ve Koster, A. (2013). Digitization for economic growth and job creation: Regional and industry perspectives. The global Information Technology Report, World Economic Forum, 35–42. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GITR/2013/GITR_Chapter1.2_2013.pdf
  • Solomon, E. M. ve Van Klyton, A. (2020). The impact of digital technology usage on economic growth in Africa. Utilities Policy, 67, 101104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101104
  • Stavytskyy, A., Kharlamova, G. ve Stoica, E. A. (2019). The analysis of the digital economy and society index in the EU. Baltic Journal of European Studies, 9(3), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0032
  • Topcu, B.A. (2021). Dijital ekonomi ve göstergelerinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi: AB ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 4(2), 455-465.
  • Türedi, S. (2013). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için panel veri analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 4(7), 298-322.
  • Tripathi, M. ve Inani, S.K. (2016). Does internet affect economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa? Economics Bulletin, 36(4),1993-2002.
  • Vyshnevskyi, O., Stashkevych, I., Shubna, O. ve Barkova, S. (2021). Economic growth in the conditions of digitalization in the EU countries. Estudios De Economía Aplicada, 38(4), 4041.
  • Ward. M. R., ve Zheng, S. (2016). Mobile telecommunications service and economic growth: Evidence from China. Telecommunications Policy, 40(2-3), 89-101.
  • Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. ve Neittaanmäki, P. (2018). Consequences of the digital economy : transformation of the growth concept. International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 10(2), 21-39.
  • World Bank. Indicators.15 Ekim 2022 tarihindehttps://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators adresinden erişildi.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 49, 99 - 114, 23.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1234251

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, M., Majeed, A., Khan, M. A., Sohaib, M. ve Shehzad, K. (2021). Digital financial inclusion and economic growth: Provincial data analysis of China. China Economic Journal, 14(3), 291-310.
  • Aleksandrova, A., Truntsevsky, Y. ve Polutova, M. (2022). Digitalization and its impact on economic growth. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, (42):424-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3306.
  • Aly, H. (2020). Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: Is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing? Review of Economics and Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-11-2019-0145
  • Artan, S., Hayaloğlu, P. ve Baltacı, N. (2014). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Geçiş ekonomileri örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(1), 199-214.
  • Bakari, S. (2021). Innovation and economic growth: Does internet matter? BILTURK, The Journal of Economics and Related Studies, 3(2), 109‐116. https://doi: 10.47103/bilturk.706165
  • Bakari, S. ve Tiba, S. (2020). The impact of internet on economic growth in North Africa: New empirical and policy analysis. MPRA Paper No. 100609. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100609/
  • Bakari, S., Weriemmi E.M. ve Mabrouki, M. (2022). The impact of digitalization and trade openness on economic growth: New evidence from richest Asian countries. MPRA Paper No. 113816. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/113816/.
  • Bogoviz, A. V., Lobova, S. V., Alekseev, A. N., Koryagina, I. A.ve Aleksashina, T. V. (2017). Digitization and internetization of the Russian economy: achievements and failures. Elena G. Popkova (Ed). International conference on humans as an object of study by modern science içinde (ss 609-616). Springer.
  • Brodny, J. ve Tutak, M. (2022). Analyzing the level of digitalization among the enterprises of the european union member states and their ımpact on economic growth. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2), 70.
  • Bukht, R. ve Heeks, R. (2017). Defining, conceptualising and measuring the digital economy. Development Informatics working paper, 68: 1-7.
  • Chen, P., Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2022). Panel unit root tests with structural breaks. The Stata Journal, 22(3), 664-678.
  • Choi, C. ve Yi, M. Y. (2018) The Internet, R&D expenditure and economic growth, Applied Economics Letters, 25:4, 264-267. https:// 10.1080/13504851.2017.1316819.
  • David, O. O. (2019). Nexus between telecommunication infrastructures, economic growth and development in Africa: Panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.03.005.
  • Driscoll, J. C. ve Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimatıon with spatiallydependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549-560.
  • Edquist, H., Goodridge, P., Haskel, J., Li, X. ve Lindquist, E. (2018). How important are mobile broadband networks for the global economic development? Information Economics and Policy, 45, 16-29.
  • Erdil, E., Türkcan, B. ve Yetkiner, H. (2009). Does information and communication technologies sustain economic growth? The under developed and developing countries case. TEKPOL Working Paper Series, 09/03.
  • Evangelista, R., Guerrieri, P. ve Meliciani, V. (2014). The economic impact of digital technologies in Europe. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 23(8), 802-824.
  • European Commission, 2022. 30 Ekim 2022 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age_en adresinden ulaşıldı.
  • Ghosh, S. (2017). Broadband penetration and economic growth: Do policies matter? Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 676-693.
  • Habibi, F. ve Zabardast, M. A. (2020). Digitalization, education and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Middle East and OECD countries. Technology in Society, 63, 101370.
  • Haftu, G. G. (2019). Information communications technology and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel data approach. Telecommunications Policy, 43(1), 88-99.
  • Heimerl, V. ve Werner, R. (2018). Digitalization and development cooperation: an assessment of the debate and its implications for policy. Briefing Paper, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (OFSE), 19.
  • Hernandez, K., Faith, B., Prieto Martín, P. ve Ramalingam, B. (2016). The impact of digital technology on economic growth and productivity, and its implications for employment and equality: An evidence review.IDS Evidence Report, 207.
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281-312.
  • Hosan, S., Karmaker, S. C., Rahman, M. M., Chapman, A. J. ve Saha, B. B. (2022). Dynamic links among the demographic dividend, digitalization, energy intensity and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from emerging economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129858.
  • Jiao, S. ve Sun, Q. (2021). Digital economic development and its impact on econimic growth in China. Research Based on the Prespective of Sustainability. Sustainability, 13, 10245. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su131810245.
  • Jovanović M., Dlačić, J. ve Okanović, M. (2018). Digitalization and society’s sustainable development – measures and implications. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, 36(2), 905-928. https://10.18045/zbefri.2018.2.905.
  • Jurayevich, M. B. ve Bulturbayevich, M. B. (2020). The impact of the digital economy on economic growth. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(6), 16-18.
  • Karavias, Y. ve Tzavalis, E. (2014). Testing for unit roots in short panels allowing fora structural break. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 76, 391-407.
  • Khosropour. A. (2017). A panel data analysis of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: Evidence from IRAN. Revista QUID (Special Issue), 2423-2431.
  • Konu, A. (2018). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve dijital ekonomi ilişkisi: AB ülkeleri için bir araştırma. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 15(2), 655-678.
  • Kravchenko, O., Leshchenko, M., Marushckhak, D. Vdovychenko, Y. ve Boguslavska, S. (2019). Digitalization as a global trend and growth factor of the modern economy. SHS Web of Conference 65. 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196507004
  • Liu, Y., Luan, L., Wu, W., Zhang, Z. ve Hsu, Y. (2021). Can digital financial inclusion promote China's economic growth? International Review of Financial Analysis, 78, 101889.
  • Maiti, D., Castellacci, F. ve Melchior, A. (2020). Digitalisation and development: Issues for India and beyond. Maiti, D., Castellacci, F., Melchior, A. (Ed) Digitalisation and Development. içinde (ss.3-29). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9996-1_1
  • Millo, G. (2017). Robust standard error estimators for panelmodels: A unifying approach. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(3), 1-27. https://doi:10.18637/jss.v082.i03.
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2019). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101856
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M. ve Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), 101856.
  • Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between broadband and economic growth. 5 Temmuz 2022 tarihindehttp://documents1. worldbank.org/curated/en/178701467988875888/pdf/102955-WP-Box394845B-PUBLICWDR16- BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Ngameni, J.P., Kemmanang, L.F. L. ve Ngassam, S. B. (2022). Growth gap between China and Africa: Do digital technologies matter? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13:24-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00716-3.
  • Olcyzk, M. ve Kuc-Czarnecka, M. (2022). Digital transformation and economic growth improvement and implementation. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(3):775-803.
  • Olszewska, K. (2020). Fostering digital business transformation and digital skill development for economic growth and social inclusion in Poland: a preliminary study. Social Inequalities and Economic Growth, 62 (2/2020). DOI: 10.15584/nsawg.2020.2.18.
  • Ozturk, I. ve Ullah, S. (2022). Does digital financial inclusion matter for economic growth and environmental sustainability in OBRI economies? An empirical analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 185, 106489.
  • Özkan, G. S., ve Çelik, H. (2018). Bilgi iletişim teknolojileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye için bir uygulama. Journal of International Trade and Economic Researches, 2(1), 1-15.
  • Pakdemirli, B. (2016). Dijital dönüşümün ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye örneği [Doktora Tezi], T.C. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi.
  • Parida,V., Sjodin, D. ve Reim, W. (2019). Reviewing literature on digitalization, business model innovation, and sustainable industry: Past achievements and future promises. Sustainability, 11, 391. https://doi:10.3390/su11020391.
  • Park, H. J. ve Choi, S. O. (2019). Digital innovation adoption and its economic impact focused on path analysis at national level. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030056.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels.IZA Dıscussion Paper Series, 1240.
  • Pradhan, R.P., Bele, S. ve Pandey, S. (2013) Internet growth nexus: Evidence from cross-country panel data. Applied Economics Letters, 20(16), 1511-1515. https://10.1080/13504851.2013.829170.
  • Pradhan, R. P., Mak B. A., Nair, M., Sara E. Bennett, S. E.ve Bahmani, S. (2019). Short-term and long-term dynamics of venture capital and economic growth in a digital economy: a study of European countries. Technology in Society, 57, 125-134.
  • Qu, J., Simes, R. ve O'Mahony, J. (2017). How do digital technologies drive economic growth? Economic Record, 93, 57-69.
  • Rojko, A. (2017). Industry 4.0 concept: background and overview.International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(5), 77-90.
  • Saidi, K. ve Mongi, C. (2018). The effect of education, R&D and ICT on economic growth in high income countries.Economics Bulletin, 38(2), 810-825.
  • Salahuddin, M. Tisdell, C. Burton, L. ve Alam, K. (2015). Social capital formation, internet usage and economic growth in Australia: Evidence from time series data. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(4), 942-953.
  • Sabbagh, K., Friedrich, R., El-Darwiche, B., Singh, M. ve Koster, A. (2013). Digitization for economic growth and job creation: Regional and industry perspectives. The global Information Technology Report, World Economic Forum, 35–42. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GITR/2013/GITR_Chapter1.2_2013.pdf
  • Solomon, E. M. ve Van Klyton, A. (2020). The impact of digital technology usage on economic growth in Africa. Utilities Policy, 67, 101104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101104
  • Stavytskyy, A., Kharlamova, G. ve Stoica, E. A. (2019). The analysis of the digital economy and society index in the EU. Baltic Journal of European Studies, 9(3), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0032
  • Topcu, B.A. (2021). Dijital ekonomi ve göstergelerinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi: AB ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 4(2), 455-465.
  • Türedi, S. (2013). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için panel veri analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 4(7), 298-322.
  • Tripathi, M. ve Inani, S.K. (2016). Does internet affect economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa? Economics Bulletin, 36(4),1993-2002.
  • Vyshnevskyi, O., Stashkevych, I., Shubna, O. ve Barkova, S. (2021). Economic growth in the conditions of digitalization in the EU countries. Estudios De Economía Aplicada, 38(4), 4041.
  • Ward. M. R., ve Zheng, S. (2016). Mobile telecommunications service and economic growth: Evidence from China. Telecommunications Policy, 40(2-3), 89-101.
  • Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. ve Neittaanmäki, P. (2018). Consequences of the digital economy : transformation of the growth concept. International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 10(2), 21-39.
  • World Bank. Indicators.15 Ekim 2022 tarihindehttps://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators adresinden erişildi.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Büyüme, Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm İktisat
Yazarlar

Hikmet Akyol 0000-0001-9119-7416

Tuba Akar 0000-0003-1354-5678

Gökhan Akar 0000-0001-8401-4052

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ocak 2023
Kabul Tarihi 28 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 49

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyol, H., Akar, T., & Akar, G. (2023). Dijitalleşme ve ekonomik büyüme: AB ülkelerinden yeni kanıtlar. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(49), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1234251

BAUNSOBED