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Reactor types used in biological nitrate removal from groundwater

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 77 - 83, 31.12.2019

Öz

Nitrate is the most common pollutant in surface and groundwater and its main sources are nitrogenous fertilizers and wastewater discharges without advance treatment. Because of the health problems caused, effective removal methods should be investigated. Nitrate remediation methods are generally divided into two main groups as destruction and separation. Biological methods are preferred for reasons such as there is no concentrate, no need for expensive catalysts and fast reaction kinetics. In biological methods, nitrate reduction occurs in the presence of an electron donor, and the process is called autotrophic or heterotrophic, depending on the used electron source. Both processes have disadvantages when used alone. However, when used together, these disadvantages can be eliminated and more effective nitrate removal can be achieved. In this study, single and multiple reactor systems using biological methods were investigated and advantages and disadvantages were evaluated.

Kaynakça

  • Ş. Aslan, A. Türkman, 2003. “İçme sularindan biyolojik denitrifikasyon yöntemiyle nitrat gideriminde ortam koşullarinin etkisi,” Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 5, 17-25.
  • [2] D. Ucar, Cokgor, E. U., Sahinkaya, E., Cetin, U., Bereketoglu, C., Calimlioglu, B. Yurtsever, A. 2017, "Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate removal from groundwater by heterotrophic-autotrophic sequential system,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation, 116, 83–90.
  • [3] M. I. Yesilnacar, M. S. Gulluoglu, 2008. “Hydrochemical characteristics and the effects of irrigation on groundwater quality in Harran Plain, GAP Project, Turkey,” Environ. Geol. 54, 183–196,
  • [4] M. I. Yesilnacar, E. Sahinkaya, M. Naz, B. Ozkaya, 2008. “Neural network prediction of nitrate in groundwater of Harran Plain, Turkey,” Environ. Geol., 56, 19–25,
  • [5] H. Il Park, D. K. Kim, Y.-J. Choi, D. Pak, 2005. “Nitrate reduction using an electrode as direct electron donor in a biofilm-electrode reactor,” Process Biochem., 40, 3383–3388.
  • [6] H. S. Moon, S. W. Chang, K. Nam, J. Choe, J. Y. Kim, 2006. “Effect of reactive media composition and co-contaminants on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification,” Environ. Pollut., 144, 3, 802–807,
  • [7] C. Della Rocca, V. Belgiorno, S. Meriç, 2007. “Overview of in-situ applicable nitrate removal processes,” Desalination, 204, 1-3, 46–62,
  • [8] D. Ucar, E. U. Cokgor, E. Şahinkaya, 2016. “Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate reduction using sulfur-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying processes,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 9, 5, 1471–1477,
  • [9] H. S. Moon, D. Y. Shin, K. Nam , J. Y. Kim, 2008. “A long-term performance test on an autotrophic denitrification column for application as a permeable reactive barrier,” Chemosphere, 73, 723–728,
  • [10] R. Sierra-Alvarez, R. Beristain-Cardoso, M. Salazar, J. Gomez, E. Razo-Flores, J. A. Field, 2007. “Chemolithotrophic denitrification with elemental sulfur for groundwater treatment,” Water Res., 41, 1253–1262,
  • [11] V. Matějů, S. Čižinská, J. Krejčí, T. Janoch, 1992. “Biological water denitrification—a review,” Enzyme Microb. Technol., 14, 3, 170–183,
  • [12] E. Sahinkaya, A. Yurtsever, Ö. Aktaş, D. Ucar, Z. Wang, 2015. “Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification of drinking water using a membrane bioreactor,” Chem. Eng. J., 268, 180–186,
  • [13] E. Sahinkaya, A. Yurtsever, D. Ucar, 2017. “A novel elemental sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrifying membrane bioreactor for simultaneous Cr(VI) and nitrate reduction,” J. Hazard. Mater., 324, 2, 15–21,
  • [14] A. Kilic, E. Sahinkaya, O. Cinar, 2014. “Kinetics of autotrophic denitrification process and the impact of sulphur/limestone ratio on the process performance,” Environ. Technol., 35, 22, 2796–2804,

Yeraltı Sularından Biyolojik Nitrat Giderimde Kullanılan Reaktör Tipleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 77 - 83, 31.12.2019

Öz

Yüzeysel ve yeraltı sularında, en yaygın görülen kirletici nitrat olup başlıca kaynakları azotlu gübreler ve ileri arıtım yapılmamış atıksulardır. Sebep olduğu sağlık sorunları nedeniyle etkili giderim yöntemlerinin araştırılması gerekmektedir. Nitrat giderim yöntemleri genel olarak giderim ve ayırım olarak iki ana gruba ayrılmaktadır. Biyolojik yöntemler, konsantre oluşturmaması, pahalı katalizörlere ihtiyaç duymaması ve hızlı reaksiyon kinetikleri gibi nedenlerden dolayı tercih edilmektedir. Biyolojik yöntemlerde bir elektron verici varlığında nitratın indirgenmesi gerçekleşir ve elektron kaynağının organik ya da inorganik olmasına göre süreç ototrofik ya da heterotrofik olarak isimlendirilir. Her iki prosesin tek başlarına kullanılmaları durumunda dezavantajları vardır. Ancak birlikte kullanıldıkları durumlarda bu dezavantajlar elimine edilebilir ve daha etkin nitrat giderimi sağlanabilir. Bu çalışmada, bu kapsamda, biyolojik yöntemlerin kullanıldığı tekli ve çoklu reaktör sistemleri araştırılmış ve avantaj - dezavantajları ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ş. Aslan, A. Türkman, 2003. “İçme sularindan biyolojik denitrifikasyon yöntemiyle nitrat gideriminde ortam koşullarinin etkisi,” Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 5, 17-25.
  • [2] D. Ucar, Cokgor, E. U., Sahinkaya, E., Cetin, U., Bereketoglu, C., Calimlioglu, B. Yurtsever, A. 2017, "Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate removal from groundwater by heterotrophic-autotrophic sequential system,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation, 116, 83–90.
  • [3] M. I. Yesilnacar, M. S. Gulluoglu, 2008. “Hydrochemical characteristics and the effects of irrigation on groundwater quality in Harran Plain, GAP Project, Turkey,” Environ. Geol. 54, 183–196,
  • [4] M. I. Yesilnacar, E. Sahinkaya, M. Naz, B. Ozkaya, 2008. “Neural network prediction of nitrate in groundwater of Harran Plain, Turkey,” Environ. Geol., 56, 19–25,
  • [5] H. Il Park, D. K. Kim, Y.-J. Choi, D. Pak, 2005. “Nitrate reduction using an electrode as direct electron donor in a biofilm-electrode reactor,” Process Biochem., 40, 3383–3388.
  • [6] H. S. Moon, S. W. Chang, K. Nam, J. Choe, J. Y. Kim, 2006. “Effect of reactive media composition and co-contaminants on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification,” Environ. Pollut., 144, 3, 802–807,
  • [7] C. Della Rocca, V. Belgiorno, S. Meriç, 2007. “Overview of in-situ applicable nitrate removal processes,” Desalination, 204, 1-3, 46–62,
  • [8] D. Ucar, E. U. Cokgor, E. Şahinkaya, 2016. “Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate reduction using sulfur-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying processes,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 9, 5, 1471–1477,
  • [9] H. S. Moon, D. Y. Shin, K. Nam , J. Y. Kim, 2008. “A long-term performance test on an autotrophic denitrification column for application as a permeable reactive barrier,” Chemosphere, 73, 723–728,
  • [10] R. Sierra-Alvarez, R. Beristain-Cardoso, M. Salazar, J. Gomez, E. Razo-Flores, J. A. Field, 2007. “Chemolithotrophic denitrification with elemental sulfur for groundwater treatment,” Water Res., 41, 1253–1262,
  • [11] V. Matějů, S. Čižinská, J. Krejčí, T. Janoch, 1992. “Biological water denitrification—a review,” Enzyme Microb. Technol., 14, 3, 170–183,
  • [12] E. Sahinkaya, A. Yurtsever, Ö. Aktaş, D. Ucar, Z. Wang, 2015. “Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification of drinking water using a membrane bioreactor,” Chem. Eng. J., 268, 180–186,
  • [13] E. Sahinkaya, A. Yurtsever, D. Ucar, 2017. “A novel elemental sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrifying membrane bioreactor for simultaneous Cr(VI) and nitrate reduction,” J. Hazard. Mater., 324, 2, 15–21,
  • [14] A. Kilic, E. Sahinkaya, O. Cinar, 2014. “Kinetics of autotrophic denitrification process and the impact of sulphur/limestone ratio on the process performance,” Environ. Technol., 35, 22, 2796–2804,
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Amine Yücel 0000-0002-7571-3078

Deniz Uçar 0000-0002-0536-6250

Özlem Demir 0000-0002-0727-1845

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

IEEE A. Yücel, D. Uçar, ve Ö. Demir, “Yeraltı Sularından Biyolojik Nitrat Giderimde Kullanılan Reaktör Tipleri”, DÜFED, c. 8, sy. 3, ss. 77–83, 2019.


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