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Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern region of Iraq

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 45 - 52, 03.11.2022

Eftekhar Ali Hakim Cuma Akbay Khadija M. Ali

Öz

Beekeeping is an old and widely spread activity in many countries around the world, and is considered one of the projects that have speed in the capital cycle, with the pollination of economic and medicinal plants being a parallel activity in most countries. There are an estimated 150,000-200,000 honey bee colonies in the northern region of Iraq. The total honey production in northern Iraq is estimated at up to 550-850 tons, and only a small amount of this is marketed. The apiculture sector in northern Iraq still faces challenges with respect to climate change, marketing, and importation as a result of the quality of honey and competition in the market. The objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting honey production in the Northern region of Iraq. The study utilized data from 184 randomly selected beekeeping households through face-to-face interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and frequency tables. According to the results, 75.0% were married, 18.5% were over the age of 51, and the average productivity of honey bee colonies was 5-10 kg/year. The study recommended reducing input, while increasing beekeeping production and productivity. It is critical to support beekeepers in their efforts to adopt improved beekeeping technologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beekeeping honey production Erbil Iraq

Kaynakça

  • ABEBE, A., 2009. Market chain Analysis of Honey Production in Atsbi Wemberta District, eastern zone of Tigray National Regional state (Doctoral Dissertation, Haramaya University).
  • ADGABA, N., Al-GHAMDİ, A., SHENKUTE, A.G., ISMAİEL, S., Al-KAHTANİ, S., TADESS, Y., ANSARİ, M.J., ABEBE, W., ABDULAZİZ, M.Q.A., 2014. Socio-economic Analysis of Beekeeping and Determinants of Box Hive Technology Adoption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Anim Plant Sci, 24(6):1876-1884.
  • ANONYM, 2018. (Fancy some Kurdish honey on World Bee Day). Ministry of Agricultural (KRG).
  • AYOUB, Z.N., AHMED, D.S., ABDULLA, M., MOSA, M.H., 2015. Impact of varroa mite infestation on the mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands of honey bee workers. Acarina.–2015.–№ 23 (1), 23, pp.92-97.
  • AZAWY, A.K., IBRAHİM, K.J., ABDULLAH, O.G., OTHMAN, B.A., Al-SAADİ, J., 2021. Physical and Rheological Properties of Poly- floral Honey from the Iraqi Kurdistan Region and the Effect of Temperature on its Viscosity. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 17(5), pp.532-544.
  • BABATUNDE ADENİYİ, A., AMAO, O., ADEYEMO, S.A. 2013. Economic Analysis of Modern Honey Production in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo State. International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture IPCBEE vol 57
  • FAO. 2018. Statistical database. URL (accesses date:1-3-2018). http://faostat.fao.org/faostat.gateway/go/to/download.
  • FARAJ, I.M. 2019. Problems And Solutions Of Beekeeping In Iraqi Kurdistan From The Seventies Of The Last Century Until 2018. Journal of the University of Garmian, 6, p.2. GEBREHİWOT, N.T. 2015. Honey Production and Marketing: The Pathway for Poverty Alle Viation the Case of Tigray Regional State, Northern Ethiopia. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research, 5(6): 342-365.
  • GUODA, G., CHUN, Z. 2003. World Honey Trade: Research on World Honey Production and Trade, Focusing on China. Bee World, 84(4): 177-183.
  • GUPTA, R.K., KHAN, M.S., SRİVASTAVA, R.M., GOSWAMİ, V., 2014. History of Beekeeping in Developing World. In Beekeeping for poverty alleviation and livelihood security (pp. 3-62). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • HADDAD, N., HORTH, L., Al-SHAGOUR, B., ADJLANE, N., LOUCİF-AYAD, W. 2018. Next-Generation Sequence Data Demonstrate Several Pathogenic Bee Viruses in Middle East and African Honey bee Subspecies (Apis mellifera syriaca, Apis mellifera intermissa) as well as their Cohabiting Pathogenic Mites (Varroa destructor). Virus genes, 54(5): 694-705.
  • HİRATA, H., TATEWAKİ, M., SHİROMORİ, S., IKENO, Y., AKUTSU, I., SUGİYAMA, K., ARİMA, M., KURASAWA, K., FUKUDA, T., SHİMA, D., FUKUSHİMA, Y., 2017. Specific IgE Sensitization to Honey Bee Venom and Auto-injector Adrenaline Prescriptions for Japanese Beekeepers. Allergology Int. 66(1): 149-151.
  • ITO, Y. 2014. Local honey Production Activities and their Significance for Local People: A Case of Mountain Forest area of Southwestern Ethiopia.
  • KRG Ministry of Planning and UNDP, 2012. Building the Kurdistan Region of Iraq–The Socio-Economic Infrastructure.
  • MOHAMMED, G.A., MAKİNTA, A., YAWURİ, B.B., BASSEY, E.E., HAROUN, F., MARTE, U.M., IDRİS, K.K., SAMUEL, M., 2017. Survey on Traditional Beekeeping and Honey Production in Biu and its Environs, North–Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 5(6- 1): 8-16.
  • MUJUNİ, A., NATUKUNDA, K., KUGONZA, D.R., 2012. Factors affecting the adoption of beekeeping and associated technologies in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. Development, 24(08), pp.1-19.
  • OKPOKİRİ, C.I., NWACHUKWU, I.N., ONWUSİRİBE, C.N., 2015. Determinants and Profitability of Honey Production in Ikwuano local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 15(3): 211-216.
  • POCOL, C.B., MOLDOVAN-TESELİOS, C., ARİON, F.H. 2014. Beekeepers’ Association: Motivations and Expectations. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture, 71(1): 141-147.
  • POPESCU, A. 2013. Research Consernig Apiary Size, Honey Yield and Beekeeping Income in Teleorman county. Scientific Papers: Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture & Rural Development, 13(1).
  • RUDAW 2018. Sweet success: Kurdish beekeepers showcase honey in Lebanon. Rudaw. 7 October,2017[online]. Available at: https;//www.rudaw.net//English/Kurdish/07 102017 (Accessed: 19/11/2018).
  • RUDAW, 2019. Fancy some Kurdish honey on World Bee Day. Rudaw. 19 September, 2019[online]. Available at: https;//www.rudaw.net//English/Kurdish/19 092019 (Accessed: 13/12/2019).
  • RUDAW, 2020. Beekeepers stung by honey production drop in Kurdistan Region. 12 September,2020[online]. Available at: https;//www.rudaw.net//English/Kurdish/12 092020 (Accessed: 11/10/2020).
  • SEİTZ, N., TRAYNOR, K.S., STEİNHAUER, N., RENNİCH, K., WİLSON, M.E., ELLİS, J.D., ROSE, R., TARPY, D.R., SAGİLİ, R.R., CARON, D.M., DELAPLANE, K.S., 2015. A National Survey of Managed Honey bee 2014–2015 Annual Colony Losses in the USA. Journal of Apicultural Research, 54(4): 292-304.
  • TAGHAVİZAD, R., 2011. The Healing Effect of Honey as Stated in Quran and Hadith. Quran Med, 1(2), pp.3-8.
  • VURAL, H., KARAMAN, S., 2009. Socio-economic analysis of beekeeping and the effects of beehive types on honey production. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37(2), pp.223- 227.
  • WAMBUA, B.M., MUSİMBA, N.K., MULİ, E., 2016. Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping Technologies in Kenya: A Case Study of Kitui County. International Journal of Education and Research, pp.2411-2441.
  • ZHENG, H.Q., WEİ, W.T., HU, F.L., 2011. Beekeeping Industry in China. Bee World, 88(2), pp.41-44.

Irak’ın Kuzey Bölgesindeki Arıcılığın Sosyo-ekonomik Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 45 - 52, 03.11.2022

Eftekhar Ali Hakim Cuma Akbay Khadija M. Ali

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ABEBE, A., 2009. Market chain Analysis of Honey Production in Atsbi Wemberta District, eastern zone of Tigray National Regional state (Doctoral Dissertation, Haramaya University).
  • ADGABA, N., Al-GHAMDİ, A., SHENKUTE, A.G., ISMAİEL, S., Al-KAHTANİ, S., TADESS, Y., ANSARİ, M.J., ABEBE, W., ABDULAZİZ, M.Q.A., 2014. Socio-economic Analysis of Beekeeping and Determinants of Box Hive Technology Adoption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Anim Plant Sci, 24(6):1876-1884.
  • ANONYM, 2018. (Fancy some Kurdish honey on World Bee Day). Ministry of Agricultural (KRG).
  • AYOUB, Z.N., AHMED, D.S., ABDULLA, M., MOSA, M.H., 2015. Impact of varroa mite infestation on the mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands of honey bee workers. Acarina.–2015.–№ 23 (1), 23, pp.92-97.
  • AZAWY, A.K., IBRAHİM, K.J., ABDULLAH, O.G., OTHMAN, B.A., Al-SAADİ, J., 2021. Physical and Rheological Properties of Poly- floral Honey from the Iraqi Kurdistan Region and the Effect of Temperature on its Viscosity. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 17(5), pp.532-544.
  • BABATUNDE ADENİYİ, A., AMAO, O., ADEYEMO, S.A. 2013. Economic Analysis of Modern Honey Production in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo State. International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture IPCBEE vol 57
  • FAO. 2018. Statistical database. URL (accesses date:1-3-2018). http://faostat.fao.org/faostat.gateway/go/to/download.
  • FARAJ, I.M. 2019. Problems And Solutions Of Beekeeping In Iraqi Kurdistan From The Seventies Of The Last Century Until 2018. Journal of the University of Garmian, 6, p.2. GEBREHİWOT, N.T. 2015. Honey Production and Marketing: The Pathway for Poverty Alle Viation the Case of Tigray Regional State, Northern Ethiopia. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research, 5(6): 342-365.
  • GUODA, G., CHUN, Z. 2003. World Honey Trade: Research on World Honey Production and Trade, Focusing on China. Bee World, 84(4): 177-183.
  • GUPTA, R.K., KHAN, M.S., SRİVASTAVA, R.M., GOSWAMİ, V., 2014. History of Beekeeping in Developing World. In Beekeeping for poverty alleviation and livelihood security (pp. 3-62). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • HADDAD, N., HORTH, L., Al-SHAGOUR, B., ADJLANE, N., LOUCİF-AYAD, W. 2018. Next-Generation Sequence Data Demonstrate Several Pathogenic Bee Viruses in Middle East and African Honey bee Subspecies (Apis mellifera syriaca, Apis mellifera intermissa) as well as their Cohabiting Pathogenic Mites (Varroa destructor). Virus genes, 54(5): 694-705.
  • HİRATA, H., TATEWAKİ, M., SHİROMORİ, S., IKENO, Y., AKUTSU, I., SUGİYAMA, K., ARİMA, M., KURASAWA, K., FUKUDA, T., SHİMA, D., FUKUSHİMA, Y., 2017. Specific IgE Sensitization to Honey Bee Venom and Auto-injector Adrenaline Prescriptions for Japanese Beekeepers. Allergology Int. 66(1): 149-151.
  • ITO, Y. 2014. Local honey Production Activities and their Significance for Local People: A Case of Mountain Forest area of Southwestern Ethiopia.
  • KRG Ministry of Planning and UNDP, 2012. Building the Kurdistan Region of Iraq–The Socio-Economic Infrastructure.
  • MOHAMMED, G.A., MAKİNTA, A., YAWURİ, B.B., BASSEY, E.E., HAROUN, F., MARTE, U.M., IDRİS, K.K., SAMUEL, M., 2017. Survey on Traditional Beekeeping and Honey Production in Biu and its Environs, North–Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 5(6- 1): 8-16.
  • MUJUNİ, A., NATUKUNDA, K., KUGONZA, D.R., 2012. Factors affecting the adoption of beekeeping and associated technologies in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. Development, 24(08), pp.1-19.
  • OKPOKİRİ, C.I., NWACHUKWU, I.N., ONWUSİRİBE, C.N., 2015. Determinants and Profitability of Honey Production in Ikwuano local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 15(3): 211-216.
  • POCOL, C.B., MOLDOVAN-TESELİOS, C., ARİON, F.H. 2014. Beekeepers’ Association: Motivations and Expectations. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture, 71(1): 141-147.
  • POPESCU, A. 2013. Research Consernig Apiary Size, Honey Yield and Beekeeping Income in Teleorman county. Scientific Papers: Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture & Rural Development, 13(1).
  • RUDAW 2018. Sweet success: Kurdish beekeepers showcase honey in Lebanon. Rudaw. 7 October,2017[online]. Available at: https;//www.rudaw.net//English/Kurdish/07 102017 (Accessed: 19/11/2018).
  • RUDAW, 2019. Fancy some Kurdish honey on World Bee Day. Rudaw. 19 September, 2019[online]. Available at: https;//www.rudaw.net//English/Kurdish/19 092019 (Accessed: 13/12/2019).
  • RUDAW, 2020. Beekeepers stung by honey production drop in Kurdistan Region. 12 September,2020[online]. Available at: https;//www.rudaw.net//English/Kurdish/12 092020 (Accessed: 11/10/2020).
  • SEİTZ, N., TRAYNOR, K.S., STEİNHAUER, N., RENNİCH, K., WİLSON, M.E., ELLİS, J.D., ROSE, R., TARPY, D.R., SAGİLİ, R.R., CARON, D.M., DELAPLANE, K.S., 2015. A National Survey of Managed Honey bee 2014–2015 Annual Colony Losses in the USA. Journal of Apicultural Research, 54(4): 292-304.
  • TAGHAVİZAD, R., 2011. The Healing Effect of Honey as Stated in Quran and Hadith. Quran Med, 1(2), pp.3-8.
  • VURAL, H., KARAMAN, S., 2009. Socio-economic analysis of beekeeping and the effects of beehive types on honey production. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37(2), pp.223- 227.
  • WAMBUA, B.M., MUSİMBA, N.K., MULİ, E., 2016. Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping Technologies in Kenya: A Case Study of Kitui County. International Journal of Education and Research, pp.2411-2441.
  • ZHENG, H.Q., WEİ, W.T., HU, F.L., 2011. Beekeeping Industry in China. Bee World, 88(2), pp.41-44.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Tarım İşletmeciliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Eftekhar Ali Hakim Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6385-1772

Cuma Akbay 0000-0001-7673-7584

Khadija M. Ali Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5649-7373

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Hakim, E. A., Akbay, C., & Ali, K. M. (2022). Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern region of Iraq. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), 2(2), 45-52.
AMA Hakim EA, Akbay C, Ali KM. Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern region of Iraq. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE). Kasım 2022;2(2):45-52.
Chicago Hakim, Eftekhar Ali, Cuma Akbay, ve Khadija M. Ali. “Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern Region of Iraq”. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE) 2, sy. 2 (Kasım 2022): 45-52.
EndNote Hakim EA, Akbay C, Ali KM (01 Kasım 2022) Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern region of Iraq. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE) 2 2 45–52.
IEEE E. A. Hakim, C. Akbay, ve K. M. Ali, “Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern region of Iraq”, Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), c. 2, sy. 2, ss. 45–52, 2022.
ISNAD Hakim, Eftekhar Ali vd. “Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern Region of Iraq”. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE) 2/2 (Kasım 2022), 45-52.
JAMA Hakim EA, Akbay C, Ali KM. Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern region of Iraq. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE). 2022;2:45–52.
MLA Hakim, Eftekhar Ali vd. “Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern Region of Iraq”. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), c. 2, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 45-52.
Vancouver Hakim EA, Akbay C, Ali KM. Socioeconomic Analysis of Beekeeping in the Northern region of Iraq. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE). 2022;2(2):45-52.
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