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Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum chinense Genetic Resources

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 86 - 105, 01.07.2021

Kübra Taş Ahmet Balkaya

Öz

The characterization of plant genetic resources and genetic diversity levels are determined with the morphological descriptors
and molecular analysis methods. Capsicum chinense populations show a high level of variation in terms of fruit size, fruit
width, fruit shape, fruit colour and bitterness. This study aimed to define the plant characteristics of the C. chinense genetic
resources collected from different locations of the world according to the UPOV (International Union for the Protection
of New Varieties of Plants) criteria and to determine the morphological variation levels in the current population within
the species. In the first stage of this study, a gene pool consisting of 75 genotypes of the C. chinenses pecies was created.
It was found that genotypes belonging to the C. chinense species show a high level of phenotypic diversity in terms of
morphological identification criteria. Cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to determine
relationships among populations. A dendrogram clustered into seven groups was prepared to evaluate morphological
differences among C. chinense genotypes. In addition, the principal component (PC) analysis showed that the first six PC
axes explained 70.99% of the total multivariate variation. It revealed high morphological variation among the C. chinense
genotypes. In conclusion, this identified C. chinense genetic resources to be evaluated as qualified breeding materials for
developing new variety candidates in the near future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Capsicum chinense population characterization classification variation

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı S and Akıncı İE, (2004). Evaluation of red pepper for spice (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm resource of Kahramanmaraş Region (Turkey). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7 (5): 703-710.
  • Alegbejo MD and Orakwue FC, (2002). Characteristics of some pepper cultivars commonly grown in Nigeria. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 21: 2-24.
  • Balkaya A and Yanmaz R, (2001). Bitki genetik kaynaklarının muhafaza imkanları ve tohum gen bankalarının çalışma sistemleri. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, 10(39): 25-30.
  • Balkaya A, Yanmaz R, Apaydın A and Kar H (2005). Morphological characterization of white head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata subvar. alba) genotypes in Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 33: 333-341.
  • Balkaya A and Ergün A, (2008). Diversity and use of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) populations from Samsun, Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 36: 189-197.
  • Balkaya A, Özbakır M and Karaağaç O, (2010). Karadeniz Bölgesinden toplanan bal kabağı (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) populasyonlarının karakterizasyonu ve meyve özelliklerindeki varyasyonun değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1): 17-25.
  • Balkaya A, (2013). Aşılı karpuz yetiştiriciliğinde meyve kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Journal of TÜRKTOB, 2(6): 6-9.
  • Barboza GE, Carrizo García C, Leiva González S, Scaldaferro M, Reyes X, (2019) Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792
  • Bayraktar K, (1970). Sebze Yetiştirme. Cilt II Kültür Sebzeleri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 169- 479.
  • Binbir S and Baş T, (2010). Bazı yerel biber (Capsicum annuum L.) populasyonlarının karakterizasyonu. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(2): 70-88.
  • Bliss FA, (1981). Utilization of vegetable germplasm (Ploidy levels). Hort Science, 16(2): 129-132.
  • Brown JS, (1991). Principal component and cluster analysis of cotton cultivar variability across the U.S. Cotton Belt. Crop Science. 31: 915-922.
  • Cherian EV and Indira P, (2003). Variability in Capsicum chinense Jacq. germplasm. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 22: 39-43.
  • Conicella C, Errico A and Saccardo F, (1990). Cytogenetic and isozyme studies of wild and cultivated Capsicum annuum. Genome, 33: 279- 282.
  • Deonton L and Vakinde MJ, (1993). Variation among landraces of peppers in Nigeria. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 12: 42-4.
  • Duman İ and Düzyaman E, (2004). Türkiye’de yetiştirilen bazı önemli biber genotiplerinin morfolojik varyabilitesi üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (3): 55-56.
  • Engels JMM, Arora RK and Guarino L, (1995). An introduction to plant germplasm exploration and collecting: planning, methods and procedures, follow-up. Collecting plant genetic diversity. Technical guidelines. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom, 31-63.
  • Escribano MR, Santalla M, Casquero PA and Ron AM, (1998). Patterns of genetic diversity in landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Galicia. Plant Breeding, 117: 49-56.
  • Eshbaugh WH, (2012). The taxonomy of the genus Capsicum. In: Peppers Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International, pp:14-28.
  • Fonseca RM, Lopes R, Barros WS, Lopes MTG and Ferreira FM, (2008) Morphologic characterization and genetic diversity of Capsicum chinense Jacq. accessions along the upper Rio Negro-Amazonas. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 8:187- 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033. v08n03a02
  • García-Neria MA and Rivera-Bustamante RF, (2011). Characterization of geminivirus resistance in an accession of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 24(2): 172-182.
  • Geleta LF, Labuschagne MT and Viljoen CD, (2005). Genetic variability in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) estimated by morphological data and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14: 2361-2375.
  • Gil J and Ron AM, (1992). Variation in Phaseolus vulgaris in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Plant Breeding, 109: 313-319. Greenleaf WH, (1986). Pepper breeding. Breeding Vegetable Crops. CAP International. The Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, pp:76-82.
  • Grubben GJH, (1977). Tropical vegetables and their resources. IBPGR: International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, 197 p., Rome, Italy. Hallidri M and Tome E, (2000). Collection and characterization of sweet pepper germplasm in Albania. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 19: 46-49.
  • Halstead HD, (1912). Experiments with peppers. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rpt., 33: 365-368. Hornakova O, Zavodna M, Zakova M, Kraic J and Debre F (2003). Diversity of common bean landraces collected in the western and eastern Carpatien. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 39(3): 73-83.
  • Hunter BR, (1993). Science based identification of plant genetic material. CSSA, Intellectual Property Rights: Protection of Plant Materials. Special Publication No. 21:93-99.
  • Ince AG, Karaca M and Onus AN, (2009). Development and utilization of diagnostic DAMD-PCR markers for Capsicum accessions. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 56: 211–221.
  • Karaağaç O, (2006). Bafra kırmızı biber gen kaynaklarının (Capsicum annuum var. conoides Mill.) karakterizasyonu ve değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Samsun. pp:129
  • Karaağaç O and Balkaya A, (2010). Bafra kırmızı biber populasyonlarının [Capsicum annuum L. var. conoides (Mill.) Irish] tanımlanması ve mevcut varyasyonun değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1): 10-20.
  • Karaağaç O and Balkaya A, (2017). Türkiye’de yerel sebze çeşitlerinin mevcut durumu ve ıslah programlarında değerlendirilmesi. TÜRKTOB, 23 (6): 8-15.
  • Kurt O, (2001). Bitki ıslahı. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi. Samsun. Ders Kitabı, 43: 309.
  • Lefebvre V, Palloix A and Rives M, (1993). Nuclear RFLP between pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.). Euphytica, 71: 189-199.
  • Lefebvre V, Goffinet B, Chauvet JC, Caromel B, Signoret P, Brand R and Palloix A, (2001). Evaluation of genetic distances between pepper inbred lines for cultivar protection purposes: comparison of AFLP, RAPD and phenotypic data. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102 (5): 741-750.
  • Manju PR and Sreelathakumary I, (2004). Genetic divergence in hot chili (Capsicum chinense Jaq.). Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 23: 69-72. Mavi K, (2020). Biberlerde türler arası melezleme. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(3): 386-406.
  • McLeod MJ, Guttman SI, Eshbaugh WH and Rayle RE, (1983). An electrophoretic study of the evolution in Capsicum (Solanaceae). Evolution, 37: 562- 574.
  • Mohammadi SA and Prasanna BM, (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43: 1235- 1248.
  • Moscone EA, Scadalferro MA and Gabriele M, (2007). The evolution of chili peppers (CapsicumSolanaceae) a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae, 745: 137–169.
  • Ortiz R and Delgado DLF, (1990). Utilization of descriptors for the characterization of lines of the genus Capsicum. Turrialba, 40(1): 112-118.
  • Ortiz R, de la Flor FD, Alvarado G and Crossa J, (2010). Classifying vegetable genetic resources. A case study with domesticated Capsicum spp. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(2): 186-191.
  • Otulaj AO and Makine MJ, (1994). Assesment of the vegetative, reproductive characters and fruit production pattern of pepper cultivars (Capsicum spp.). Capsicum Eggplant Newsletter, 13: 54-57.
  • Pickersgill B, (1980). Some aspects of interspecific hybridization in Capsicum. IVth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Capsicum Working Group, pp:14-46 October 1980. Wageningen, Netherlands.
  • Pickersgill B, (1984). Migrations of chili peppers, Capsicum spp., in the Americas, D. Stone (ed.). Pre-Columbian plant migration. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology. vol. 76. Harvard University Press, pp:105-123, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Ramchiary N, Kehie M, Brahma V, Kumaria S and Tandon P, (2014). Application of genetics and genomics towards Capsicum translational research. Plant Biotechnol Reports, 8: 101-123.
  • Rohlf FJ, (1993). Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Exeter Software, Dept. of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York.
  • Smith JSC and Smith OS, (1989). The description and assessment of distances between inbred lines of maize: The utility of morphological, biochemical and genetic descriptors and a scheme for the testing of distinctiveness between inbredlines. Maydica, 34: 151-161.
  • Sneath PH and Sokal RR, (1973). Numerical Taxonomy. The principles and practice of numerical classification. 573 p.
  • UPOV, (2006). Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) International Union For the Protection of New Varieties of plants. TG/76/8, pp.51 Vasconcelos CSD, Barbieri RL, Neitzke RS, Priori D, Fischer SZ and Mistura CC, (2012). Determinação da dissimilaridade genética entre acessos de Capsicum chinense com base em características de flores. Revista Ceres, 59 (4): 493-498.
  • Villota-Cerón D, Bonilla-Betancourt ML, CarmenCarrillo H, Jaramillo-Vásquez J and GarcíaDávila MA, (2012). Caracterización morfológica de introducciones de Capsicum spp. existentes en el Banco de Germoplasma activo de Corpoica CI Palmira, Colombia. Acta Agronómica, 61(1): 16-26
  • Zewdie Y and Zeven AC, (1997). Variation in Yugoslavian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions. Euphytica, 97: 81-89.

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 86 - 105, 01.07.2021

Kübra Taş Ahmet Balkaya

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı S and Akıncı İE, (2004). Evaluation of red pepper for spice (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm resource of Kahramanmaraş Region (Turkey). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7 (5): 703-710.
  • Alegbejo MD and Orakwue FC, (2002). Characteristics of some pepper cultivars commonly grown in Nigeria. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 21: 2-24.
  • Balkaya A and Yanmaz R, (2001). Bitki genetik kaynaklarının muhafaza imkanları ve tohum gen bankalarının çalışma sistemleri. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, 10(39): 25-30.
  • Balkaya A, Yanmaz R, Apaydın A and Kar H (2005). Morphological characterization of white head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata subvar. alba) genotypes in Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 33: 333-341.
  • Balkaya A and Ergün A, (2008). Diversity and use of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) populations from Samsun, Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 36: 189-197.
  • Balkaya A, Özbakır M and Karaağaç O, (2010). Karadeniz Bölgesinden toplanan bal kabağı (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) populasyonlarının karakterizasyonu ve meyve özelliklerindeki varyasyonun değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1): 17-25.
  • Balkaya A, (2013). Aşılı karpuz yetiştiriciliğinde meyve kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Journal of TÜRKTOB, 2(6): 6-9.
  • Barboza GE, Carrizo García C, Leiva González S, Scaldaferro M, Reyes X, (2019) Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792
  • Bayraktar K, (1970). Sebze Yetiştirme. Cilt II Kültür Sebzeleri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 169- 479.
  • Binbir S and Baş T, (2010). Bazı yerel biber (Capsicum annuum L.) populasyonlarının karakterizasyonu. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(2): 70-88.
  • Bliss FA, (1981). Utilization of vegetable germplasm (Ploidy levels). Hort Science, 16(2): 129-132.
  • Brown JS, (1991). Principal component and cluster analysis of cotton cultivar variability across the U.S. Cotton Belt. Crop Science. 31: 915-922.
  • Cherian EV and Indira P, (2003). Variability in Capsicum chinense Jacq. germplasm. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 22: 39-43.
  • Conicella C, Errico A and Saccardo F, (1990). Cytogenetic and isozyme studies of wild and cultivated Capsicum annuum. Genome, 33: 279- 282.
  • Deonton L and Vakinde MJ, (1993). Variation among landraces of peppers in Nigeria. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 12: 42-4.
  • Duman İ and Düzyaman E, (2004). Türkiye’de yetiştirilen bazı önemli biber genotiplerinin morfolojik varyabilitesi üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (3): 55-56.
  • Engels JMM, Arora RK and Guarino L, (1995). An introduction to plant germplasm exploration and collecting: planning, methods and procedures, follow-up. Collecting plant genetic diversity. Technical guidelines. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom, 31-63.
  • Escribano MR, Santalla M, Casquero PA and Ron AM, (1998). Patterns of genetic diversity in landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Galicia. Plant Breeding, 117: 49-56.
  • Eshbaugh WH, (2012). The taxonomy of the genus Capsicum. In: Peppers Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International, pp:14-28.
  • Fonseca RM, Lopes R, Barros WS, Lopes MTG and Ferreira FM, (2008) Morphologic characterization and genetic diversity of Capsicum chinense Jacq. accessions along the upper Rio Negro-Amazonas. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 8:187- 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033. v08n03a02
  • García-Neria MA and Rivera-Bustamante RF, (2011). Characterization of geminivirus resistance in an accession of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 24(2): 172-182.
  • Geleta LF, Labuschagne MT and Viljoen CD, (2005). Genetic variability in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) estimated by morphological data and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14: 2361-2375.
  • Gil J and Ron AM, (1992). Variation in Phaseolus vulgaris in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Plant Breeding, 109: 313-319. Greenleaf WH, (1986). Pepper breeding. Breeding Vegetable Crops. CAP International. The Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, pp:76-82.
  • Grubben GJH, (1977). Tropical vegetables and their resources. IBPGR: International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, 197 p., Rome, Italy. Hallidri M and Tome E, (2000). Collection and characterization of sweet pepper germplasm in Albania. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 19: 46-49.
  • Halstead HD, (1912). Experiments with peppers. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rpt., 33: 365-368. Hornakova O, Zavodna M, Zakova M, Kraic J and Debre F (2003). Diversity of common bean landraces collected in the western and eastern Carpatien. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 39(3): 73-83.
  • Hunter BR, (1993). Science based identification of plant genetic material. CSSA, Intellectual Property Rights: Protection of Plant Materials. Special Publication No. 21:93-99.
  • Ince AG, Karaca M and Onus AN, (2009). Development and utilization of diagnostic DAMD-PCR markers for Capsicum accessions. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 56: 211–221.
  • Karaağaç O, (2006). Bafra kırmızı biber gen kaynaklarının (Capsicum annuum var. conoides Mill.) karakterizasyonu ve değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Samsun. pp:129
  • Karaağaç O and Balkaya A, (2010). Bafra kırmızı biber populasyonlarının [Capsicum annuum L. var. conoides (Mill.) Irish] tanımlanması ve mevcut varyasyonun değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1): 10-20.
  • Karaağaç O and Balkaya A, (2017). Türkiye’de yerel sebze çeşitlerinin mevcut durumu ve ıslah programlarında değerlendirilmesi. TÜRKTOB, 23 (6): 8-15.
  • Kurt O, (2001). Bitki ıslahı. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi. Samsun. Ders Kitabı, 43: 309.
  • Lefebvre V, Palloix A and Rives M, (1993). Nuclear RFLP between pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.). Euphytica, 71: 189-199.
  • Lefebvre V, Goffinet B, Chauvet JC, Caromel B, Signoret P, Brand R and Palloix A, (2001). Evaluation of genetic distances between pepper inbred lines for cultivar protection purposes: comparison of AFLP, RAPD and phenotypic data. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102 (5): 741-750.
  • Manju PR and Sreelathakumary I, (2004). Genetic divergence in hot chili (Capsicum chinense Jaq.). Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter, 23: 69-72. Mavi K, (2020). Biberlerde türler arası melezleme. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(3): 386-406.
  • McLeod MJ, Guttman SI, Eshbaugh WH and Rayle RE, (1983). An electrophoretic study of the evolution in Capsicum (Solanaceae). Evolution, 37: 562- 574.
  • Mohammadi SA and Prasanna BM, (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43: 1235- 1248.
  • Moscone EA, Scadalferro MA and Gabriele M, (2007). The evolution of chili peppers (CapsicumSolanaceae) a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae, 745: 137–169.
  • Ortiz R and Delgado DLF, (1990). Utilization of descriptors for the characterization of lines of the genus Capsicum. Turrialba, 40(1): 112-118.
  • Ortiz R, de la Flor FD, Alvarado G and Crossa J, (2010). Classifying vegetable genetic resources. A case study with domesticated Capsicum spp. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(2): 186-191.
  • Otulaj AO and Makine MJ, (1994). Assesment of the vegetative, reproductive characters and fruit production pattern of pepper cultivars (Capsicum spp.). Capsicum Eggplant Newsletter, 13: 54-57.
  • Pickersgill B, (1980). Some aspects of interspecific hybridization in Capsicum. IVth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Capsicum Working Group, pp:14-46 October 1980. Wageningen, Netherlands.
  • Pickersgill B, (1984). Migrations of chili peppers, Capsicum spp., in the Americas, D. Stone (ed.). Pre-Columbian plant migration. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology. vol. 76. Harvard University Press, pp:105-123, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Ramchiary N, Kehie M, Brahma V, Kumaria S and Tandon P, (2014). Application of genetics and genomics towards Capsicum translational research. Plant Biotechnol Reports, 8: 101-123.
  • Rohlf FJ, (1993). Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Exeter Software, Dept. of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York.
  • Smith JSC and Smith OS, (1989). The description and assessment of distances between inbred lines of maize: The utility of morphological, biochemical and genetic descriptors and a scheme for the testing of distinctiveness between inbredlines. Maydica, 34: 151-161.
  • Sneath PH and Sokal RR, (1973). Numerical Taxonomy. The principles and practice of numerical classification. 573 p.
  • UPOV, (2006). Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) International Union For the Protection of New Varieties of plants. TG/76/8, pp.51 Vasconcelos CSD, Barbieri RL, Neitzke RS, Priori D, Fischer SZ and Mistura CC, (2012). Determinação da dissimilaridade genética entre acessos de Capsicum chinense com base em características de flores. Revista Ceres, 59 (4): 493-498.
  • Villota-Cerón D, Bonilla-Betancourt ML, CarmenCarrillo H, Jaramillo-Vásquez J and GarcíaDávila MA, (2012). Caracterización morfológica de introducciones de Capsicum spp. existentes en el Banco de Germoplasma activo de Corpoica CI Palmira, Colombia. Acta Agronómica, 61(1): 16-26
  • Zewdie Y and Zeven AC, (1997). Variation in Yugoslavian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions. Euphytica, 97: 81-89.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kübra Taş

Ahmet Balkaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Taş, K., & Balkaya, A. (2021). Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum chinense Genetic Resources. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, 7(2), 86-105.
AMA Taş K, Balkaya A. Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum chinense Genetic Resources. Ekin Journal. Temmuz 2021;7(2):86-105.
Chicago Taş, Kübra, ve Ahmet Balkaya. “Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum Chinense Genetic Resources”. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics 7, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2021): 86-105.
EndNote Taş K, Balkaya A (01 Temmuz 2021) Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum chinense Genetic Resources. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics 7 2 86–105.
IEEE K. Taş ve A. Balkaya, “Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum chinense Genetic Resources”, Ekin Journal, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 86–105, 2021.
ISNAD Taş, Kübra - Balkaya, Ahmet. “Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum Chinense Genetic Resources”. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics 7/2 (Temmuz 2021), 86-105.
JAMA Taş K, Balkaya A. Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum chinense Genetic Resources. Ekin Journal. 2021;7:86–105.
MLA Taş, Kübra ve Ahmet Balkaya. “Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum Chinense Genetic Resources”. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, c. 7, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 86-105.
Vancouver Taş K, Balkaya A. Determination of Morphological Variation by Principal Component Analysis and Characterization of the Capsicum chinense Genetic Resources. Ekin Journal. 2021;7(2):86-105.
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