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COVID-19 Pandemisinin Sağlık Çalışanlarına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Durum Analizi

Yıl 2020, Sayı: EK SAYI (2020), 373 - 402, 01.10.2020

Volkan Yüncü Yunus Yılan

Öz

12 Mart 2020 itibariyle, yeni tip koronavirüs Covid-19 hastalığı endişe verici bir hızla yayılmaya devam etmektedir. DSÖ tarafından bir salgın olarak kabul edilen bu ölümcül salgın, dünya çapında mil-yonlarca insanı etkilemiş ve ciddi ekonomik ve sosyal aksamalara neden olmuştur. Milyonlarca insan koronavirüs tecriti nedeniyle evlerinde sıkışmışken, farklı alanlardan sağlık çalışanları birçok zor-luğa rağmen titizlik ve özveri ile mücadele etmeye devam etmekte-dir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma pandeminin doktorlar 10 , hemşireler 11 , ebeler 4 , paramedikler 3 ve anestezi teknisyenleri 8 dâhil olmak üzere sağlık personelinin yaşamları üzerindeki etkilerini araş-tırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, Afyonkarahisar ilinde görev yapan 36 sağlık çalışanına 9 soru yöneltilmiş ve cevapları nitel araş-tırma teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Yazılı yanıtlara uygulanan içerik analizi ile elde edilen bulgular dikkate alınması gerekli 6 önemli etki olduğunu göstermektedir: çalışma koşullarındaki önemli değişiklik-ler, artan iş yükü, aile hayatı üzerindeki olumsuz etkiler, artan tü-kenmişlik ve yönetici tutumları.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Koronavirüs Sağlık Çalışanları Tükenmişlik Çalışma Koşulları.

Kaynakça

  • Bartoszko J., Farooqi M., Alhazzani W. ve Loeb M. “Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in health care workers a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials”. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 2020.
  • BBC, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2020, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-52072642,2020.
  • Bohlken J., Schömig F., Lemke M., vd. “COVID-19 Pandemic: stress experience of healthcare workers: a short currentreview”. Psychiatr Prax. 2020, https://doi.org.10.1055/a-1159-5551
  • Bozkurt, A., Karakoç, B., Sönmez, E., vd. “Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığının Korunması İçin Sağlık Kurumu Yöneticilerine Öneriler”, ErişimTarihi:05.06.2020,https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/uploadFiles/30320 20115022-SaglikKurumlariCOVID.pdf, 2020.
  • Çağlıyan, Y., “Tükenmişlik Sendromu Ve İş Doyumuna Etkisi” (Devlet ve Vakıf Üniversitelerindeki AkademisyenlereYönelik Alan Araştırması), Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kocaeli, 2007.
  • Chen, J., Liu, X., Wang, D., vd., “Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China”. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1
  • Chew N., Lee G., Tan B., Jing M., Goh Y., Ngiam N., vd., “A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak”. Brain Behav Immun. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049.
  • Chirico F, Nucera G, Magnavita N., “COVID-19: protecting healthcare workers is a priority”. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.148.
  • Dai Y., Hu G., Xiong H., Qiu H., Yuan X., “Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreakon healthcare workers in China”,2020,https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20030874.
  • Dick R.V., Wagner, U.,“Stress And Strain İn Teaching: A Structural Equation Approach”, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 243-259, 2001.
  • DSÖ, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2020, https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51- covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10 1 ,2020.
  • DSÖ, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2020, https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1, 2020.
  • Elbay, R.Y., Kurtulmus, A., Arpacioglu, S., Karadere, E., “Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics”. Psychiatry Res. 290, 113130, 2020.
  • Gökçe, T., Dündar, C., “Samsun Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi’nde Çalışan Hekim ve Hemşirelerde Şiddete Maruziyet Sıklığı ve Kaygı Düzeylerine Etkisi”, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 25-28, 2008.
  • Gold J.A., “Covid-19: adverse mental health outcomesfor healthcare workers”, BMJ, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1815.
  • Greenberg N, Docherty M, Gnanapragasam S., vd., “Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pan- demic”. BMJ, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1211
  • Gupta A., Sahoo S., Mehra A., Grover S., “Psychologicalimpact of 'Lockdown' due to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: Anonline survey. Asian J Psychiatr ” (2020) 54:102243. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102243
  • Helvacı, I., Turhan, M., “Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Silifke’de Görev Yapan Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(4). 58-68, 2013”.
  • Hoe Gan W., Wah Lim J. Ve Koh D., “Preventing intrahospital infection and transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare workers”. Saf Health Work, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.001.
  • Huh S., “How to train the health personnel for protecting them- selves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care”. J. Educ. Eval. Health Prof. 2020, https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.10
  • Khanal P., Devkota N., Dahal M., Paudel K., ve Joshi D. “Mental health impacts among health workers during COVID19 in a low resource setting: a cross-sectional survey from Nepal”. Research Square [Preprint] (2020). doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs40089/v1
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. (1981). The easurement of Experienced Burnout, Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99- 113.
  • Maslach, C. “Job Burnout: New Directions in Research and Intervention, Current Directions in Psychological Science”, 12(5), 189-192, 2003.
  • Neuman, W. L., “Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar” I-II. Cilt (5. Basım). İstanbul: Yayın Odası, 2012.
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E., Katsaounou, P., “Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, 2020.
  • Schechter, A., Diaz, F., Moise, N., Anstey, D. E., Ye, S., Agarwal, S. vd., (2020). “Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic”. General Hospital Psychiatry, 66, 1–8., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007
  • Schwartz J., King C., Yen M., “Protecting health care workers during the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak—lessons from Tai- wan's SARS response”. Clin Infect Dis. 2020, https://doi.org/10. 1093/cid/ciaa255
  • Spoorthy, M.S., “Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A review”. Asian J. Psychiatr, 2020.
  • Şahin, M.K., Aker, S., Şahin, G. vd., “Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Distress and Insomnia and Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey”. J. Community Health, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020- 00921-w
  • TPD,ErişimTarihi:05.06.2020,https://www.psikiyatri.or g.tr/menu/161/cov%C4%B1d-19-ve-ruh-sagligi,2020
  • TPD,ErişimTarihi:05.06.2020, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/COVI D19_Pandemi_PsikiyatrikTedavilerTPDRTACB-05052020.pdf, 2020.
  • Que J., Shi L., Deng J., vd. “Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China”. Gen Psychiatr, 2020.
  • Yılan, Y., Özkanan, A., “İşkolikler Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma: Bal Arısı Mı? Eşek Arısı Mı? ” Uşak Üniversitesi SosyalBilimler Dergisi, 11(1) 80-91, 2018.
  • Yıldız, A., Çiçek, İ., Şanlı, M.E., Sağlık Çalışanlarında Tükenmişliğin Belirleyicileri: Sigara ve Alkol Kullanımına Etkisinin İncelenmesi, Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3):126-132, 2018
  • Yüncü, V., Koparal, C., “Is Cultural Environment a Determinant of Perceived Corporate Reputation? ” Journal of Business Research- Turk, 11 (2), 1044-1056, 2019.
  • Wang J, Zhou M., ve Liu F. “Exploring the reasons for healthcare workers infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) in China”. J Hosp Infect. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.002
  • Wang C., Pan R., Wan X., Tan Y., Xu L., vd., “Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China”. Int. J. Environ. Res.
  • Public Health, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729.
  • Wilson W., Raj J., Rao S.,vd., “Prevalence and predictors of stress, anxiety, and depression among healthcare workers managing COVID-19 pandemic in India: a nationwide observational study”. Indian J. Psychol. Med. 2020; 42(4): 353–358

Investigating the Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Staff: A Case Study

Yıl 2020, Sayı: EK SAYI (2020), 373 - 402, 01.10.2020

Volkan Yüncü Yunus Yılan

Öz

As of March 12, 2020, the novel coronavirus Covid-19 disease has continued to spread at an alarming pace. Being labeled a pandemic by WHO, this deadly outbreak has affected millions of people across the world and has caused serious economic and social disruptions. While millions of people are stuck in their homes due to coronavirus lock-down, healthcare staff of all types has been battling with superior diligence and devotion despite many difficulties. Hence, this study aims at investigating the effects of the pandemic on the lives of healthcare staff including MDs 10 , nurses 11 , midwives 4 , para-medics 3 , and anesthesia technicians 8 . For this purpose, 36 healthcare staff working in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey were addressed 9 questions and their responses were analyzed with quali-tative research techniques. Findings obtained through content analy-sis applied to written responses indicate 6 pivotal impacts to be con-sidered: significant changes in working conditions, increasing work-load, negative effects on family life, increasing burnout, supervisor attitudes

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Coronavirus Healthcare Staff Burnout Working Conditions.

Kaynakça

  • Bartoszko J., Farooqi M., Alhazzani W. ve Loeb M. “Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in health care workers a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials”. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 2020.
  • BBC, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2020, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-52072642,2020.
  • Bohlken J., Schömig F., Lemke M., vd. “COVID-19 Pandemic: stress experience of healthcare workers: a short currentreview”. Psychiatr Prax. 2020, https://doi.org.10.1055/a-1159-5551
  • Bozkurt, A., Karakoç, B., Sönmez, E., vd. “Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığının Korunması İçin Sağlık Kurumu Yöneticilerine Öneriler”, ErişimTarihi:05.06.2020,https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/uploadFiles/30320 20115022-SaglikKurumlariCOVID.pdf, 2020.
  • Çağlıyan, Y., “Tükenmişlik Sendromu Ve İş Doyumuna Etkisi” (Devlet ve Vakıf Üniversitelerindeki AkademisyenlereYönelik Alan Araştırması), Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kocaeli, 2007.
  • Chen, J., Liu, X., Wang, D., vd., “Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China”. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1
  • Chew N., Lee G., Tan B., Jing M., Goh Y., Ngiam N., vd., “A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak”. Brain Behav Immun. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049.
  • Chirico F, Nucera G, Magnavita N., “COVID-19: protecting healthcare workers is a priority”. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.148.
  • Dai Y., Hu G., Xiong H., Qiu H., Yuan X., “Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreakon healthcare workers in China”,2020,https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20030874.
  • Dick R.V., Wagner, U.,“Stress And Strain İn Teaching: A Structural Equation Approach”, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 243-259, 2001.
  • DSÖ, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2020, https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51- covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10 1 ,2020.
  • DSÖ, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2020, https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1, 2020.
  • Elbay, R.Y., Kurtulmus, A., Arpacioglu, S., Karadere, E., “Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics”. Psychiatry Res. 290, 113130, 2020.
  • Gökçe, T., Dündar, C., “Samsun Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi’nde Çalışan Hekim ve Hemşirelerde Şiddete Maruziyet Sıklığı ve Kaygı Düzeylerine Etkisi”, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 25-28, 2008.
  • Gold J.A., “Covid-19: adverse mental health outcomesfor healthcare workers”, BMJ, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1815.
  • Greenberg N, Docherty M, Gnanapragasam S., vd., “Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pan- demic”. BMJ, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1211
  • Gupta A., Sahoo S., Mehra A., Grover S., “Psychologicalimpact of 'Lockdown' due to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: Anonline survey. Asian J Psychiatr ” (2020) 54:102243. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102243
  • Helvacı, I., Turhan, M., “Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Silifke’de Görev Yapan Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(4). 58-68, 2013”.
  • Hoe Gan W., Wah Lim J. Ve Koh D., “Preventing intrahospital infection and transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare workers”. Saf Health Work, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.001.
  • Huh S., “How to train the health personnel for protecting them- selves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care”. J. Educ. Eval. Health Prof. 2020, https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.10
  • Khanal P., Devkota N., Dahal M., Paudel K., ve Joshi D. “Mental health impacts among health workers during COVID19 in a low resource setting: a cross-sectional survey from Nepal”. Research Square [Preprint] (2020). doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs40089/v1
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. (1981). The easurement of Experienced Burnout, Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99- 113.
  • Maslach, C. “Job Burnout: New Directions in Research and Intervention, Current Directions in Psychological Science”, 12(5), 189-192, 2003.
  • Neuman, W. L., “Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar” I-II. Cilt (5. Basım). İstanbul: Yayın Odası, 2012.
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E., Katsaounou, P., “Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, 2020.
  • Schechter, A., Diaz, F., Moise, N., Anstey, D. E., Ye, S., Agarwal, S. vd., (2020). “Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic”. General Hospital Psychiatry, 66, 1–8., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007
  • Schwartz J., King C., Yen M., “Protecting health care workers during the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak—lessons from Tai- wan's SARS response”. Clin Infect Dis. 2020, https://doi.org/10. 1093/cid/ciaa255
  • Spoorthy, M.S., “Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A review”. Asian J. Psychiatr, 2020.
  • Şahin, M.K., Aker, S., Şahin, G. vd., “Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Distress and Insomnia and Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey”. J. Community Health, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020- 00921-w
  • TPD,ErişimTarihi:05.06.2020,https://www.psikiyatri.or g.tr/menu/161/cov%C4%B1d-19-ve-ruh-sagligi,2020
  • TPD,ErişimTarihi:05.06.2020, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/COVI D19_Pandemi_PsikiyatrikTedavilerTPDRTACB-05052020.pdf, 2020.
  • Que J., Shi L., Deng J., vd. “Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China”. Gen Psychiatr, 2020.
  • Yılan, Y., Özkanan, A., “İşkolikler Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma: Bal Arısı Mı? Eşek Arısı Mı? ” Uşak Üniversitesi SosyalBilimler Dergisi, 11(1) 80-91, 2018.
  • Yıldız, A., Çiçek, İ., Şanlı, M.E., Sağlık Çalışanlarında Tükenmişliğin Belirleyicileri: Sigara ve Alkol Kullanımına Etkisinin İncelenmesi, Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3):126-132, 2018
  • Yüncü, V., Koparal, C., “Is Cultural Environment a Determinant of Perceived Corporate Reputation? ” Journal of Business Research- Turk, 11 (2), 1044-1056, 2019.
  • Wang J, Zhou M., ve Liu F. “Exploring the reasons for healthcare workers infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) in China”. J Hosp Infect. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.002
  • Wang C., Pan R., Wan X., Tan Y., Xu L., vd., “Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China”. Int. J. Environ. Res.
  • Public Health, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729.
  • Wilson W., Raj J., Rao S.,vd., “Prevalence and predictors of stress, anxiety, and depression among healthcare workers managing COVID-19 pandemic in India: a nationwide observational study”. Indian J. Psychol. Med. 2020; 42(4): 353–358
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Volkan Yüncü Bu kişi benim

Yunus Yılan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: EK SAYI (2020)

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüncü, V., & Yılan, Y. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinin Sağlık Çalışanlarına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Durum Analizi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(EK SAYI (2020), 373-402.
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