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The Theoretical Analysis of Crowdsource Logistics Concept

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 720 - 737, 30.10.2022

Abdullah Oktay Dündar

https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.856279

Öz

The globalization of supply chains and the continuous increase in e-commerce volume make logistics operations more complex and increase costs. Especially, the increase of small-volume cargo in the last mile deliveries in the city, strains the capacity of logistics enterprises, causes delays in delivery, traffic congestion, increased emissions and customer dissatisfaction. As a solution to these problems and a new business model, crowdsource logistics usage has been increasing rapidly in recent years. In crowdsource logistics, logistics service is produced by a group of volunteer participants, using the resources of this group. Through a digital platform, the logistics demand is matched with the logistics supply within the mass of people, and transactions such as payment and tracking are carried out in real-time online. Crowdsource logistics is becoming widespread day by day due to the fact that it requires less investment, the logistics processes are carried out faster and without intermediaries, and its low costs. On the other hand, the use of flexible transport modes contributes to sustainability parameters such as low emissions, less traffic congestion and increased air quality, especially in the city. The aim of this study is to introduce the concept of crowdsource logistics to the academicians and logistics sector employees studying for the Turkish literature and to lay the groundwork for national studies on the subject. For this purpose, the operation, types, advantages and difficulties of KKL have been discussed in this study, and suggestions for future studies have been provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sharing Economy Crowdsourcing Crowd Logistics Crowdsource Logistics

Kaynakça

  • ABDUL-RAHMAN, H., WANG C., WOOD, L.C. & EBRAHIMI, M. (2016). Integrating and ranking sustainability criteria for housing, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Engineering Sustainability, 169(1), 3–30.
  • AKTAŞ, S. (2019). Kitlelerin çevrim içi ortamlarda sanat üretimine katılımı ve kitle kaynak uygulamaları: transformers premake. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(36). 259-286. doi: 10.21550/sosbilder.456718
  • ARSLAN, A. M., AGATZ, N., KROON, L. & ZUIDWIJK, R. (2016). Crowdsourced delivery—a dynamic pickup and delivery problem with ad hoc drivers. Transportation Science, 53(1), 222-235. doi:10.1287/trsc.2017.0803
  • BOUDREAU, K. J., & LAKHANI, K. R. (2013). Using the crowd as an innovation partner. Harvard Business Review, 91(4), 60-9.
  • BRABHAM, D. C. (2008). Crowdsourcing as a model for problem solving: an introduction and cases. Convergence, 14(1), 75-90. doi:10.1177/1354856507084420
  • BUBNER, N., BUBNER, N., HELBIG, R. & JESKE, M. (2014). Logistics trend radar, delivering insight today. creating value tomorrow. DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation.
  • BULDEO RAI, H., VERLINDE, S., MERCKX, J. & MACHARIS, C. (2017). Crowd logistics: an opportunity for more sustainable urban freight transport?. European Transport Research Review, 9(3), 39. doi: 10.1007/s12544-017-0256-6
  • CARBONE, V., ROUQUET, A. & ROUSSAT, C. (2015). Carried away by the crowd: what types of logistics characterise collaborative consumption. Erişim tarihi: 09.12.2020, https://www.uu.nl/sites/default/files/iwse_2015.30_carried_away_by_the_crowd_vc_ar_cr.pdf
  • CARBONE, V., ROUQUET, A. & ROUSSAT, C. (2017). The rise of crowd logistics: a new way to co‐create logistics value. Journal of Business Logistics, 38(4), 238-252. doi:10.1111/jbl.12164
  • CHAI, Y., MIAO, C., SUN, B., ZHENG, Y., & LI, Q. (2017). Crowd science and engineering: concept and research framework. International Journal of Crowd Science, 1(1), 2–8. doi:10.1108/IJCS-01-2017-0004
  • COLLM, A. & SCHEDLER, K. (2012). Managing crowd innovation in public administration. International Public Management Review, 13(2), 1-18.
  • CONRAD, J. (2014). The next new economy in sharing revolution: the essential economics of the commons. On The Commons, 6-9. Erişim tarihi: 17.12.2020, http://www.onthecommons.org/ebook/sharing-revolution.pdf
  • ÇUBUKCU, A., & TOLON, M. (2018). İnovasyon kararlarının verilmesi sürecinde kitle kaynak ve açık inovasyon yaklaşımları. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 4(2), 87-96. doi:10.30855/gjeb.2018.4.2.002
  • DABLANC, L. & RAKOTONARIVO, D. (2010). The impacts of logistics sprawl: how does the location of parcel transport terminals affect the energy efficiency of goods’ movements ın paris and what can we do about ıt?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(3), 6087-6096. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.021
  • EMBLETON, P. R. & WRIGHT, P. C. (1998). A practical guide to successful outsourcing. Empowerment in Organizations, 6, 94-106. doi:10.1108/14634449810210832
  • FREHE, V., MEHMANN, J. & TEUTEBERG, F. (2017). Understanding and assessing crowd logistics business models–using everyday people for last mile delivery. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 32(1),75–97. doi:10.1108/JBIM-10-2015-0182
  • FRENKEN, K. & SCHOR, J. (2019). Putting the sharing economy into perspective. In O. Mont (Ed.) A Research Agenda For Sustainable Consumption Governance( pp.121-135), Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • GANAPATI, S. & REDDICK, C. G. (2018). Prospects and challenges of sharing economy for the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 35(1), 77-87. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.01.001
  • HOWE, J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired magazine, 14(6), 1-4.
  • HOWE, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business. New York: Crown Business.
  • HOWE, J. (2010). Crowdsourcing: kalabalıkların gücü bir işin geleceğine nasıl şekil verebilir?. (G. Aksoy, Çev.) İstanbul: Optimist Yayıncılık.
  • KOHLER, T. (2015). Crowdsourcing-based business models: how to create and capture value. California management review, 57(4), 63-84. doi:10.1525/cmr.2015.57.4.63
  • KUTI, M. & MADARÁSZ, G. (2014). Crowdfunding. Public Finance Quarterly, 59(3), 355-366.
  • LAKHANI, K. R. & BOUDREAU, K. J. (2013). Using the crowd as an innovation partner. Harvard Business Review, 91(4), 60-69.
  • MATOFSKA, B. (2016). What is the sharing economy. Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2020, http://dublinohiousa.gov/dev/dev/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/What-is-the-Sharing-Economy.docx
  • MCKINNON, A. (2016). Crowdshipping: a communal approach to reducing urban traffic levels?. Logistics White Paper, Kühne Logistics University. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.20271.53925
  • MCKINNON, A. & BILSKI, B. (2015). Innovations in global logistics. In D. Murray, B. Bilski & M. Verkerk (Eds.). Breakthrough, From Innovation To Impact. (pp. 19–38).The Owls Foundation.
  • MEHMANN, J., FREHE, V. & TEUTEBERG, F., (2015). Crowd Logistics − A Literature Review and Maturity Model. Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics, Innovations and Strategies for Logistics and Supply Chains: Technologies, Business Models and Risk Management. Vol. (20). 117-145
  • MLADENOW, A., BAUER, C. & STRAUSS, C. (2016). Crowd logistics: the contribution of social crowds in logistics activities. International Journal of Web Information Systems. 12(3), 379-390. doi:10.1108/IJWIS-04-2016-0020
  • MOLLICK, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: an exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1-16. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.005
  • NOVECK, B.S. (2009). Wiki government: how technology can make government better, democracy stronger, and citizens more powerful. Washington D.C.:Brookings Institution Press.
  • ODONGO, B. (2017). How crowdsourcing is changing the face of last mile delivery-crowd logistics?, Erişim tarihi: 09.12.2020, https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/ 10024/149856/My%20thesis-brian%20odongo..pdf?sequence=1
  • ORDANINI, A., MICELI, L., PIZZETTI, M. & PARASURAMAN, A. (2011). Crowd-funding: transforming customers ınto ınvestors through ınnovative service platforms. Journal of Service Management, 22(4):443–70. doi:10.1108/09564231111155079
  • OVACI, C. (2017). Endüstri 4.0 çağında açık inovasyon. Maliye Finans Yazıları, Özel Sayı, 113-132.
  • PANCHAL, J. H. (2015). Using crowds in engineering design–towards a holistic framework. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 15) Vol (8). 15, 41-50.
  • PFENNING, K. M. (2014). Verbesserung durch crowd logistics sourcing. Verkehrsrundschau: Who is Who Logistik, Erişim Tarihi: 29.12.2020, https://www.pfenning-logistics.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/2014_01_01-VR-Who-is-Who-2014-KMP-Statement.pdf
  • PRELEC, D., SEUNG, H. S., & MCCOY, J. (2017). A solution to the single-question crowd wisdom problem. Nature, 541(7638), 532-535. doi:10.1038/nature21054
  • PUNEL, A. & STATHOPOULOS, A. (2017). Modeling the acceptability of crowdsourced goods deliveries: role of context and experience effects. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 105, 18-38. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2017.06.007
  • PUNEL, A., ERMAGUN, A. & STATHOPOULOS, A. (2018). Studying determinants of crowd-shipping use. Travel Behaviour and Society, 12, 30-40. doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2018.03.005
  • ROUGÈS, J. F. & MONTREUIL, B. (2014). Crowdsourcing delivery: new interconnected business models to reinvent delivery. Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2020, https://www.cirrelt.ca/ipic2014/pdf/1027a.pdf
  • RZEŚNY-CIEPLIŃSKA, J. & SZMELTER-JAROSZ, A. (2019). Assessment of the crowd logistics solutions—the stakeholders’ analysis approach. Sustainability, 11(19), 5361. doi:10.3390/su11195361
  • SAMPAIO, A., SAVELSBERGH, M., VEELENTURF, L. & VAN WOENSEL, T. (2019). Crowd-based city logistics. In J. Faulin, S. E. Grasman, A. A. Juan, P. Hirsch (Eds.). Sustainable Transportation and Smart Logistics, Elsevier, Amsterdam
  • SARALIOĞLU, E., & GÜNGÖR, O. (2018). Kitle kaynağın uzaktan algılamada kullanımı. Engineering Sciences, 13(1), 37-52. doi:10.12739/NWSA.2018.13.1.1A0399
  • SCHOR, J. (2016). Debating the sharing economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 4(3), 7-22.
  • SUROWIECKI, J. (2005). The wisdom of crowds. Newyork: First Anchor Books.
  • UNTERBERG, U. (2010). Crowdsourcing. In D. Michelis, & T. Schildhauer (Eds.). Social Media Handbuch: Theorien, Methoden, Modelle, Normos, Baden-Baden.
  • WOSSKOW, D. (2014). Unlocking the sharing economy: an independent review. Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/378291/bis-14-1227-unlocking-the-sharing-economy-an-independent-review.pdf
  • XU, X. F., HAO, J., DENG, Y. R. & WANG, Y. (2017). Design optimization of resource combination for collaborative logistics network under uncertainty. Applied Soft Computing, 56, 684-691. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2016.07.036
  • YAZICI, T. (2018). Amatör inovasyonun destekçisi “crowdfunding”:“buluşum” sitesi üzerine bir inceleme. Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition, 9(17). 225-249
  • ZENGİN, S., YÜKSEL, S., & KARTAL, M. T. (2017). Kitle fonlaması sisteminin türkiye'ye faydaları. Banka ve Sermaye Piyasası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2). ss. 22-32.

Kitle Kaynak Lojistik Kavramının Teorik Çerçevede İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 720 - 737, 30.10.2022

Abdullah Oktay Dündar

https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.856279

Öz

Tedarik zincirlerinin küreselleşmesi ve e-ticaret hacminin sürekli artması, lojistik operasyonları daha karmaşık hale getirmekte ve maliyetleri arttırmaktadır. Özellikle şehir içinde son adım teslimatlarda küçük hacimli yük sayısının artması, lojistik işletmelerin kapasitesini zorlamakta, teslimatta gecikmelere, trafik tıkanıklığına, emisyonların artmasına ve müşteri memnuniyetsizliğine neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunlara bir çözüm ve yeni bir iş modeli olarak son yıllarda kitle kaynak lojistik(KKL) kullanımı hızlı artmaktadır. KKL’de lojistik hizmet, gönüllü katılımcıların oluşturduğu bir kitle tarafından, yine bu kitlenin sahip olduğu kaynaklar kullanılarak üretilmektedir. Dijital bir platform aracılığıyla lojistik talep yine kitle içindeki lojistik arz ile eşleştirilmekte, ödeme ve izleme gibi işlemler çevrim içi ortamda gerçek zamanlı olarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. KKL az yatırım gerektirmesi, lojistik süreçlerin aracısız ve daha hızlı gerçekleştirilmesi, düşük maliyetleri sebebi ile her geçen gün yaygınlaşmaktadır. Diğer taraftan esnek taşıma modları kullanımı, özellikle şehir içinde düşük emisyonlar, daha az trafik sıkışıklığı ve artan hava kalitesi gibi sürdürülebilirlik parametrelerine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkçe literatür için çalışma yapan akademisyenleri ve lojistik sektör çalışanlarını kitle kaynak lojistik kavramı ile tanıştırmak ve konu ile ilgili ulusal çapta yapılacak çalışmalar için zemin hazırlamaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, KKL’nin işleyişi, çeşitleri, avantajları ve zorlukları ele alınmış olup, gelecek çalışmalar için önerilerde bunulmuştur.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paylaşım Ekonomisi Kitle Kaynak Kitle Lojistik Kitle Kaynak Lojistik

Kaynakça

  • ABDUL-RAHMAN, H., WANG C., WOOD, L.C. & EBRAHIMI, M. (2016). Integrating and ranking sustainability criteria for housing, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Engineering Sustainability, 169(1), 3–30.
  • AKTAŞ, S. (2019). Kitlelerin çevrim içi ortamlarda sanat üretimine katılımı ve kitle kaynak uygulamaları: transformers premake. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(36). 259-286. doi: 10.21550/sosbilder.456718
  • ARSLAN, A. M., AGATZ, N., KROON, L. & ZUIDWIJK, R. (2016). Crowdsourced delivery—a dynamic pickup and delivery problem with ad hoc drivers. Transportation Science, 53(1), 222-235. doi:10.1287/trsc.2017.0803
  • BOUDREAU, K. J., & LAKHANI, K. R. (2013). Using the crowd as an innovation partner. Harvard Business Review, 91(4), 60-9.
  • BRABHAM, D. C. (2008). Crowdsourcing as a model for problem solving: an introduction and cases. Convergence, 14(1), 75-90. doi:10.1177/1354856507084420
  • BUBNER, N., BUBNER, N., HELBIG, R. & JESKE, M. (2014). Logistics trend radar, delivering insight today. creating value tomorrow. DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation.
  • BULDEO RAI, H., VERLINDE, S., MERCKX, J. & MACHARIS, C. (2017). Crowd logistics: an opportunity for more sustainable urban freight transport?. European Transport Research Review, 9(3), 39. doi: 10.1007/s12544-017-0256-6
  • CARBONE, V., ROUQUET, A. & ROUSSAT, C. (2015). Carried away by the crowd: what types of logistics characterise collaborative consumption. Erişim tarihi: 09.12.2020, https://www.uu.nl/sites/default/files/iwse_2015.30_carried_away_by_the_crowd_vc_ar_cr.pdf
  • CARBONE, V., ROUQUET, A. & ROUSSAT, C. (2017). The rise of crowd logistics: a new way to co‐create logistics value. Journal of Business Logistics, 38(4), 238-252. doi:10.1111/jbl.12164
  • CHAI, Y., MIAO, C., SUN, B., ZHENG, Y., & LI, Q. (2017). Crowd science and engineering: concept and research framework. International Journal of Crowd Science, 1(1), 2–8. doi:10.1108/IJCS-01-2017-0004
  • COLLM, A. & SCHEDLER, K. (2012). Managing crowd innovation in public administration. International Public Management Review, 13(2), 1-18.
  • CONRAD, J. (2014). The next new economy in sharing revolution: the essential economics of the commons. On The Commons, 6-9. Erişim tarihi: 17.12.2020, http://www.onthecommons.org/ebook/sharing-revolution.pdf
  • ÇUBUKCU, A., & TOLON, M. (2018). İnovasyon kararlarının verilmesi sürecinde kitle kaynak ve açık inovasyon yaklaşımları. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 4(2), 87-96. doi:10.30855/gjeb.2018.4.2.002
  • DABLANC, L. & RAKOTONARIVO, D. (2010). The impacts of logistics sprawl: how does the location of parcel transport terminals affect the energy efficiency of goods’ movements ın paris and what can we do about ıt?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(3), 6087-6096. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.021
  • EMBLETON, P. R. & WRIGHT, P. C. (1998). A practical guide to successful outsourcing. Empowerment in Organizations, 6, 94-106. doi:10.1108/14634449810210832
  • FREHE, V., MEHMANN, J. & TEUTEBERG, F. (2017). Understanding and assessing crowd logistics business models–using everyday people for last mile delivery. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 32(1),75–97. doi:10.1108/JBIM-10-2015-0182
  • FRENKEN, K. & SCHOR, J. (2019). Putting the sharing economy into perspective. In O. Mont (Ed.) A Research Agenda For Sustainable Consumption Governance( pp.121-135), Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • GANAPATI, S. & REDDICK, C. G. (2018). Prospects and challenges of sharing economy for the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 35(1), 77-87. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.01.001
  • HOWE, J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired magazine, 14(6), 1-4.
  • HOWE, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business. New York: Crown Business.
  • HOWE, J. (2010). Crowdsourcing: kalabalıkların gücü bir işin geleceğine nasıl şekil verebilir?. (G. Aksoy, Çev.) İstanbul: Optimist Yayıncılık.
  • KOHLER, T. (2015). Crowdsourcing-based business models: how to create and capture value. California management review, 57(4), 63-84. doi:10.1525/cmr.2015.57.4.63
  • KUTI, M. & MADARÁSZ, G. (2014). Crowdfunding. Public Finance Quarterly, 59(3), 355-366.
  • LAKHANI, K. R. & BOUDREAU, K. J. (2013). Using the crowd as an innovation partner. Harvard Business Review, 91(4), 60-69.
  • MATOFSKA, B. (2016). What is the sharing economy. Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2020, http://dublinohiousa.gov/dev/dev/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/What-is-the-Sharing-Economy.docx
  • MCKINNON, A. (2016). Crowdshipping: a communal approach to reducing urban traffic levels?. Logistics White Paper, Kühne Logistics University. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.20271.53925
  • MCKINNON, A. & BILSKI, B. (2015). Innovations in global logistics. In D. Murray, B. Bilski & M. Verkerk (Eds.). Breakthrough, From Innovation To Impact. (pp. 19–38).The Owls Foundation.
  • MEHMANN, J., FREHE, V. & TEUTEBERG, F., (2015). Crowd Logistics − A Literature Review and Maturity Model. Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics, Innovations and Strategies for Logistics and Supply Chains: Technologies, Business Models and Risk Management. Vol. (20). 117-145
  • MLADENOW, A., BAUER, C. & STRAUSS, C. (2016). Crowd logistics: the contribution of social crowds in logistics activities. International Journal of Web Information Systems. 12(3), 379-390. doi:10.1108/IJWIS-04-2016-0020
  • MOLLICK, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: an exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1-16. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.005
  • NOVECK, B.S. (2009). Wiki government: how technology can make government better, democracy stronger, and citizens more powerful. Washington D.C.:Brookings Institution Press.
  • ODONGO, B. (2017). How crowdsourcing is changing the face of last mile delivery-crowd logistics?, Erişim tarihi: 09.12.2020, https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/ 10024/149856/My%20thesis-brian%20odongo..pdf?sequence=1
  • ORDANINI, A., MICELI, L., PIZZETTI, M. & PARASURAMAN, A. (2011). Crowd-funding: transforming customers ınto ınvestors through ınnovative service platforms. Journal of Service Management, 22(4):443–70. doi:10.1108/09564231111155079
  • OVACI, C. (2017). Endüstri 4.0 çağında açık inovasyon. Maliye Finans Yazıları, Özel Sayı, 113-132.
  • PANCHAL, J. H. (2015). Using crowds in engineering design–towards a holistic framework. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 15) Vol (8). 15, 41-50.
  • PFENNING, K. M. (2014). Verbesserung durch crowd logistics sourcing. Verkehrsrundschau: Who is Who Logistik, Erişim Tarihi: 29.12.2020, https://www.pfenning-logistics.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/2014_01_01-VR-Who-is-Who-2014-KMP-Statement.pdf
  • PRELEC, D., SEUNG, H. S., & MCCOY, J. (2017). A solution to the single-question crowd wisdom problem. Nature, 541(7638), 532-535. doi:10.1038/nature21054
  • PUNEL, A. & STATHOPOULOS, A. (2017). Modeling the acceptability of crowdsourced goods deliveries: role of context and experience effects. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 105, 18-38. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2017.06.007
  • PUNEL, A., ERMAGUN, A. & STATHOPOULOS, A. (2018). Studying determinants of crowd-shipping use. Travel Behaviour and Society, 12, 30-40. doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2018.03.005
  • ROUGÈS, J. F. & MONTREUIL, B. (2014). Crowdsourcing delivery: new interconnected business models to reinvent delivery. Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2020, https://www.cirrelt.ca/ipic2014/pdf/1027a.pdf
  • RZEŚNY-CIEPLIŃSKA, J. & SZMELTER-JAROSZ, A. (2019). Assessment of the crowd logistics solutions—the stakeholders’ analysis approach. Sustainability, 11(19), 5361. doi:10.3390/su11195361
  • SAMPAIO, A., SAVELSBERGH, M., VEELENTURF, L. & VAN WOENSEL, T. (2019). Crowd-based city logistics. In J. Faulin, S. E. Grasman, A. A. Juan, P. Hirsch (Eds.). Sustainable Transportation and Smart Logistics, Elsevier, Amsterdam
  • SARALIOĞLU, E., & GÜNGÖR, O. (2018). Kitle kaynağın uzaktan algılamada kullanımı. Engineering Sciences, 13(1), 37-52. doi:10.12739/NWSA.2018.13.1.1A0399
  • SCHOR, J. (2016). Debating the sharing economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 4(3), 7-22.
  • SUROWIECKI, J. (2005). The wisdom of crowds. Newyork: First Anchor Books.
  • UNTERBERG, U. (2010). Crowdsourcing. In D. Michelis, & T. Schildhauer (Eds.). Social Media Handbuch: Theorien, Methoden, Modelle, Normos, Baden-Baden.
  • WOSSKOW, D. (2014). Unlocking the sharing economy: an independent review. Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/378291/bis-14-1227-unlocking-the-sharing-economy-an-independent-review.pdf
  • XU, X. F., HAO, J., DENG, Y. R. & WANG, Y. (2017). Design optimization of resource combination for collaborative logistics network under uncertainty. Applied Soft Computing, 56, 684-691. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2016.07.036
  • YAZICI, T. (2018). Amatör inovasyonun destekçisi “crowdfunding”:“buluşum” sitesi üzerine bir inceleme. Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition, 9(17). 225-249
  • ZENGİN, S., YÜKSEL, S., & KARTAL, M. T. (2017). Kitle fonlaması sisteminin türkiye'ye faydaları. Banka ve Sermaye Piyasası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2). ss. 22-32.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Oktay Dündar 0000-0002-8508-165X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Ekim 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2022
Kabul Tarihi 31 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Dündar, A. O. (2022). Kitle Kaynak Lojistik Kavramının Teorik Çerçevede İncelenmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 720-737. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.856279
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Creative Commons Lisansı
İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.