BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 27 - 38, 01.12.2011

Öz

Kârını istikrarlı hale getiren işletmelerin değerli ve düşük riskli oldukları paydaşları tarafından değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geniş bir veri seti (İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası’nda işlem gören işletmelerin %82’sini oluşturan 277 işletme) ve güncel bir dönemi (2006 ile 2010 yılları) temel alarak, işletmelerin kâr yönetimi davranışları hakkında bilgiler sağlamaktır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kârını istikrarlı hale getiren işletmelerin oranları üretim sektörü için %30, hizmet sektörü için %21 ve finansal sektör için %36 olarak saptanmıştır. Küçük işletmelerin büyük işletmelere göre kârlarını istikrarlı hale getirme tutumlarının daha olası olduğu, ve finansal sektördeki işletmelerin hizmet sektöründeki işletmelere göre kârlarını istikrarlı hale getirme tutumlarının daha olası olduğu istatistiksel olarak bulgulanmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht, W.D., and Richardson, F.M. (1990). Income Smoothing by Economy Sector. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 17(5): 713-730.
  • Ashari, N., Koh, H.C., Tan, S.L., and Wong, W.H. (1994). Factors Affecting Income Smoothing Among Listed Companies in Singapore. Accounting and Business Research, 24(96): 291-301.
  • Atik, A. (2009). Detecting Income-Smoothing Behaviors of Turkish Listed Companies Through Empirical Tests Using Discretionary Accounting Changes. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 20: 591-613.
  • Bandyopadhyay, S.P., Huang, A.G., and Wirjanto, T.S. (2011). Does Income Smoothing Really Create Value? 2010 FARS Mid-year Conference paper. Retrieved from http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~aghuang/research/LTAM_Jan2011.pdf.
  • Bart, M.E., Elliott, J.A., and Finn, M.W. (1999). Market Rewards Associated with Patterns of Increasing Earnings. Journal of Accounting Research, 37(2): 387-413.
  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. 1988. International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards. Bank for International Settlements.
  • Blasco, N., and Pelegrin, B. (2006). A New Methodological Approach for Detecting Income Smoothing in Small Samples: An Application to the Case of Spanish Savings Banks. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 21(4): 347-372.
  • Buckmaster, D. (2001). Development of the Income Smoothing Literature 1893-1998: A Focus on the United States. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd.
  • Cahan, S.F., Liu, G., and Sun, J. (2008). Investor Protection, Income Smoothing, and Earnings Informativeness. Journal of International Accounting Research, 7(1): 1- 25.
  • Carlson, S.J., and Bathala, C.T. (1997). Ownership Differences and Firms’ Income Smoothing Behavior. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 24(2): 179-196.
  • Chaney, P.K., and Jeter, D.C. (1997). Income Smoothing and Firm Characteristics. Accounting Enquiries, 7(1): 1-50.
  • Chong, G. (2006). Is Income Smoothing Ethical? The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 18(1), 41-44.
  • DeFond, M.L., and Park, C.W. (1997). Smoothing Income in Anticipation of Future Earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 23, 115-139.
  • Eckel, N. (1981). The Income Smoothing Hypothesis Revisited. Abacus, 11: 28-40.
  • Francis, J., LaFond, R., Olsson, P.M., and Schipper, K. (2004). Cost of Equity and Earnings Attributes. The Accounting Review, 79(4): 967-1010.
  • Genay, H. (1998). Assessing the Condition of Japanese Banks: How Informative are Accounting Earnings? Economic Perspectives, 22: 12-34.
  • Goel, A., and Thakor, A. (2003). Why Do Firms Smooth Earnings? Journal of Business, 76(1): 151-192.
  • Graham, J.R., Harvey, C.R., and Rajgopal, S. (2005). The Economic Implications of Corporate Financial Reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40(1-3): 3- 73.
  • Grant, J., Markarian, G., and Parbonetti, A. (2009). CEO Risk-Related Incentives and Income Smoothing. Contemporary Accounting Research, 26(4): 1029-1065.
  • Healy, P.M. (1985). The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 7: 85-107.
  • Healy, P.M., and Wahlen, J.M. (1999). A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(14): 365-383.
  • Huang, P., Zhang, Y., Deis, D.R., and Moffitt, J.S. (2009). Do Artificial Income Smoothing and Real Income Smoothing Contribute to Firm Value Equivalently? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33: 224-233.
  • Kwak, W., Lee, H., and Mande, V. (2009). Institutional Ownership and Income Smoothing by Japanese Banks Through Loan Loss Provisions. Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies, 12(2): 219-243.
  • Leuz, C., Nanda, D., and Wysocki, P.D. (2003). Earnings Management and Investor Protection: An International Comparison. Journal of Financial Economics, 69: 505- 527.
  • Michelson, S., Wootton, C.W., and Jordan-Wagner, J. (2003). An Analysis of Income Smoothing Detection Methods. International Business and Economic Research Journal, 2(1): 71-82.
  • Moses, O.D. (1987). Income Smoothing and Incentives: Empirical Tests Using Accounting Changes. The Accounting Review, 62(2): 358-377.
  • Mulford, C.W., and Comiskey, E. (1996). Financial Warnings. New York: John Wiley & Son. Inc.
  • Prencipe, A., Markarian, G., and Pozza, L. (2008). Earnings Management in Family Firms: Evidence from R&D Cost Capitalization in Italy. Family Business Review, 21(1): 71- 88.
  • Ronen, J., and Sadan, S. (1981). Smoothing Income Numbers: Objectives and Implications. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Ronen, J., Tzur, J., and Yaari, V. (2007). Legal Insider Trading, CEO’s Incentive, and Quality of Earnings. Corporate Ownership and Control, 4(3): 210-219.
  • Saudagaran, S.M., and Sepe, J.F. (1996). Replication of Moses’ Income Smoothing Tests with Canadian and UK Data: A Note. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 23(8): 1219-1222.
  • Shrieves, R., and Dahl, D. (2003). Discretionary Accounting and the Behavior of Japanese Banks under Financial Duress. Journal of Banking and Finance, 27: 1219-1243.
  • Su, S. 2007. Optimal Smoothing of Profit via Overhead Allocation. Abacus, 43(2): 136- 155.
  • Taktak, N.B., Shabou, R., and Dumontier, P. (2010a). Income Smoothing Practices: Evidence from Banks Operating in OECD Countries. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(4): 140-150.
  • Taktak, N.B., Zouari, S.B., and Boudriga, A. (2010b). Do Islamic Banks Use Loan Loss Provisions to Smooth their Results? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 1(2): 114-127.
  • Thomas, J.K., and Zhang, H. (2002). Value-Relevance properties of Smoothed Earnings. Working paper, Comlombia University and University of Illinois at Chicago.
  • Tucker, J.W., and Zarowin, P.A. (2006). Does Income Smoothing Improve Earnings Informativeness? The Accounting Review, 81(1): 251-270.
  • Wilson, M., and Shailer, G. (2007). Accounting Manipulations and Political Costs: Tooth & Co Ltd., 1910-1965. Accounting and Business Research, 37(4): 247-266.
Yıl 2011, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 27 - 38, 01.12.2011

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht, W.D., and Richardson, F.M. (1990). Income Smoothing by Economy Sector. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 17(5): 713-730.
  • Ashari, N., Koh, H.C., Tan, S.L., and Wong, W.H. (1994). Factors Affecting Income Smoothing Among Listed Companies in Singapore. Accounting and Business Research, 24(96): 291-301.
  • Atik, A. (2009). Detecting Income-Smoothing Behaviors of Turkish Listed Companies Through Empirical Tests Using Discretionary Accounting Changes. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 20: 591-613.
  • Bandyopadhyay, S.P., Huang, A.G., and Wirjanto, T.S. (2011). Does Income Smoothing Really Create Value? 2010 FARS Mid-year Conference paper. Retrieved from http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~aghuang/research/LTAM_Jan2011.pdf.
  • Bart, M.E., Elliott, J.A., and Finn, M.W. (1999). Market Rewards Associated with Patterns of Increasing Earnings. Journal of Accounting Research, 37(2): 387-413.
  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. 1988. International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards. Bank for International Settlements.
  • Blasco, N., and Pelegrin, B. (2006). A New Methodological Approach for Detecting Income Smoothing in Small Samples: An Application to the Case of Spanish Savings Banks. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 21(4): 347-372.
  • Buckmaster, D. (2001). Development of the Income Smoothing Literature 1893-1998: A Focus on the United States. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd.
  • Cahan, S.F., Liu, G., and Sun, J. (2008). Investor Protection, Income Smoothing, and Earnings Informativeness. Journal of International Accounting Research, 7(1): 1- 25.
  • Carlson, S.J., and Bathala, C.T. (1997). Ownership Differences and Firms’ Income Smoothing Behavior. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 24(2): 179-196.
  • Chaney, P.K., and Jeter, D.C. (1997). Income Smoothing and Firm Characteristics. Accounting Enquiries, 7(1): 1-50.
  • Chong, G. (2006). Is Income Smoothing Ethical? The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 18(1), 41-44.
  • DeFond, M.L., and Park, C.W. (1997). Smoothing Income in Anticipation of Future Earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 23, 115-139.
  • Eckel, N. (1981). The Income Smoothing Hypothesis Revisited. Abacus, 11: 28-40.
  • Francis, J., LaFond, R., Olsson, P.M., and Schipper, K. (2004). Cost of Equity and Earnings Attributes. The Accounting Review, 79(4): 967-1010.
  • Genay, H. (1998). Assessing the Condition of Japanese Banks: How Informative are Accounting Earnings? Economic Perspectives, 22: 12-34.
  • Goel, A., and Thakor, A. (2003). Why Do Firms Smooth Earnings? Journal of Business, 76(1): 151-192.
  • Graham, J.R., Harvey, C.R., and Rajgopal, S. (2005). The Economic Implications of Corporate Financial Reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40(1-3): 3- 73.
  • Grant, J., Markarian, G., and Parbonetti, A. (2009). CEO Risk-Related Incentives and Income Smoothing. Contemporary Accounting Research, 26(4): 1029-1065.
  • Healy, P.M. (1985). The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 7: 85-107.
  • Healy, P.M., and Wahlen, J.M. (1999). A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(14): 365-383.
  • Huang, P., Zhang, Y., Deis, D.R., and Moffitt, J.S. (2009). Do Artificial Income Smoothing and Real Income Smoothing Contribute to Firm Value Equivalently? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33: 224-233.
  • Kwak, W., Lee, H., and Mande, V. (2009). Institutional Ownership and Income Smoothing by Japanese Banks Through Loan Loss Provisions. Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies, 12(2): 219-243.
  • Leuz, C., Nanda, D., and Wysocki, P.D. (2003). Earnings Management and Investor Protection: An International Comparison. Journal of Financial Economics, 69: 505- 527.
  • Michelson, S., Wootton, C.W., and Jordan-Wagner, J. (2003). An Analysis of Income Smoothing Detection Methods. International Business and Economic Research Journal, 2(1): 71-82.
  • Moses, O.D. (1987). Income Smoothing and Incentives: Empirical Tests Using Accounting Changes. The Accounting Review, 62(2): 358-377.
  • Mulford, C.W., and Comiskey, E. (1996). Financial Warnings. New York: John Wiley & Son. Inc.
  • Prencipe, A., Markarian, G., and Pozza, L. (2008). Earnings Management in Family Firms: Evidence from R&D Cost Capitalization in Italy. Family Business Review, 21(1): 71- 88.
  • Ronen, J., and Sadan, S. (1981). Smoothing Income Numbers: Objectives and Implications. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Ronen, J., Tzur, J., and Yaari, V. (2007). Legal Insider Trading, CEO’s Incentive, and Quality of Earnings. Corporate Ownership and Control, 4(3): 210-219.
  • Saudagaran, S.M., and Sepe, J.F. (1996). Replication of Moses’ Income Smoothing Tests with Canadian and UK Data: A Note. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 23(8): 1219-1222.
  • Shrieves, R., and Dahl, D. (2003). Discretionary Accounting and the Behavior of Japanese Banks under Financial Duress. Journal of Banking and Finance, 27: 1219-1243.
  • Su, S. 2007. Optimal Smoothing of Profit via Overhead Allocation. Abacus, 43(2): 136- 155.
  • Taktak, N.B., Shabou, R., and Dumontier, P. (2010a). Income Smoothing Practices: Evidence from Banks Operating in OECD Countries. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(4): 140-150.
  • Taktak, N.B., Zouari, S.B., and Boudriga, A. (2010b). Do Islamic Banks Use Loan Loss Provisions to Smooth their Results? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 1(2): 114-127.
  • Thomas, J.K., and Zhang, H. (2002). Value-Relevance properties of Smoothed Earnings. Working paper, Comlombia University and University of Illinois at Chicago.
  • Tucker, J.W., and Zarowin, P.A. (2006). Does Income Smoothing Improve Earnings Informativeness? The Accounting Review, 81(1): 251-270.
  • Wilson, M., and Shailer, G. (2007). Accounting Manipulations and Political Costs: Tooth & Co Ltd., 1910-1965. Accounting and Business Research, 37(4): 247-266.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emre Ergin

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ergin, E. (2011). Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 27-38.
AMA Ergin E. Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Aralık 2011;1(2):27-38.
Chicago Ergin, Emre. “Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 1, sy. 2 (Aralık 2011): 27-38.
EndNote Ergin E (01 Aralık 2011) Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 1 2 27–38.
IEEE E. Ergin, “Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 27–38, 2011.
ISNAD Ergin, Emre. “Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 1/2 (Aralık 2011), 27-38.
JAMA Ergin E. Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;1:27–38.
MLA Ergin, Emre. “Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, 2011, ss. 27-38.
Vancouver Ergin E. Income Smoothing: Evidence From Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;1(2):27-38.