Araştırma Makalesi
Dijital Becerileri Geliştirme Politikalarının Hollanda, İsveç ve Almanya Örnekleriyle Değerlendirilmesi
Öz
Literatürde mütabık kalınan herhangi bir genel tanım bulunmamasına karşın esas itibarıyla dijital teknolojilerin günlük yaşama entegre edilmesi ile başlayan dijitalleşme süreci her ülkeyi farklı şekillerde etkilemektedir. Dijital beceri gerekliliğinin her birey için kaçınılmaz olduğu bilinci, neredeyse her ülkeyi farklı stratejiler geliştirmeye zorlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, seçilen ülke örnekleri kapsamında; dijital dönüşüm süreçleri ile eş zamanlı olarak dijital becerilere olan artan talebe dikkat çekmek, söz konusu ülkelerin uyguladıkları politikaları ve stratejileri detaylı bir biçimde analiz etmektir. Araştırmada dijital becerilerin topluma kazandırılmasında öne çıkan Hollanda, İsveç ve Almanya ülkeleri incelenmiştir. Nitel çözümleme yaklaşımlarından biri olan örnek olay durum çalışması yöntemi kapsamında söz konusu ülkelerin, dijital dönüşüm süreçleri, bireylerin dijital becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik uygulamaları, stratejileri ve temel politikaları bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Dijital dönüşüm kapsamında iyi uygulama örnekleri kategorisinde yer alan her bir ülke sahip olduğu farklı özelliklerle dikkat çekmektedir. İsveç, 'gelişmiş dijital ekonomi' statüsüne sahiptir. Ülke hızla etkin bir bilgi ekonomisine geçiş yapmaya başlamıştır. Almanya, dijital inovasyona yönelik bir endüstri ekseni tarafından üretilen yüksek talebi karşılamak için nispeten yüksek bir dijital beceri arzına sahiptir. 2021 yılında Hollanda ise 16 ila 74 yaş arası nüfusunun yaklaşık yüzde 80'inin dijital becerilere sahip olması nedeniyle Avrupa’da ilk sırada yer alması ile öne çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, dijital becerilerin geliştirilmesinde iyi ülke uygulamalarının yardımıyla bazı temel strateji ve hedefleri bir araya getirmiştir. Genel olarak bu araştırma, dijitalleşme başarısının, dijital dönüşümün sosyal kabulünün sağlanmasına ve süreç boyunca insan odaklı yaklaşımların benimsenmesine bağlı olduğunu öne sürüyor.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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Evaluation of Digital Skills Development Policies with the Examples of Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany
Öz
Despite no consensus on its definition in the literature, digitalization - essentially coined thanks to the widespread integration of digital technologies into everyday life - is likely to bring diverse impacts to each country. The inevitability of digital technologies in contemporary daily life forces almost every country to design different strategies to encourage its citizens to adopt digital skills. In this sense, the present study aims to draw attention to the increasing demand for digital skills with digital transformation processes in selected countries and scrutinize these countries’ digitalization-specific policies and strategies. Accordingly, this case study focuses on three digitally competent European countries - the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany - regarding their digital transformation processes and practices, strategies, and fundamental policies for improving their citizens’ digital skills. In this regard, we can assert that each country bears different digital strengths. While Sweden has an advanced digital economy and has rapidly started to transition to an efficient knowledge economy, Germany has a relatively high supply of digital skills to satisfy the increased demand by an innovation-oriented industry. The Netherlands, on the other hand, shines out by ranking first in Europe as about 80% of its population aged 16 to 74 years adopt digital skills. This study synthesized several strategies and objectives by using exemplary examples from different countries in the realm of digital skills development. In general, this research suggests that the achievement of digitalization success is contingent upon establishing social acceptance of digital transformation and embracing human-centric approaches throughout the process.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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- Eurostat. (2021b). Individuals' level of digital skills (from 2021 onwards), https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/isoc_sk_dskl_i21_esmsip2.htm (11.02.2023).
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- Eynon, R. (2021). Becoming digitally literate: Reinstating an educational lens to digital skills policies for adults. British educational research journal, 47(1), 146-162.
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- Government Offices of Sweden. (2017). Rättsliga dokument, https://www.regeringen.se/rattsliga-dokument/#1238 (11.03.2023).
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- Hartong, S. (2021). Quality, not speed, is what we need - A case for a sustainable transformation of digital education, https://www.boell.de/en/2021/04/15/a-case-for-a-sustainable-transformation-of-digital-education-in-Germany (18.03.2023).
- Hecker, I., & Loprest, P. (2019). Foundational Digital Skills for Career Progress. Urban Institute, Income and Benefits Policy Center
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- Hutfilter, A. F., Lehmann, S., & Kim, E. J. (2018). Improving skills and their use in Germany, Economics Department Working Papers No. 1516.
- Homrich, R. (2020). Digital education: More than technology, https://www.t-systems.com/resource/blob/156110/f152208dbb2e55c9b7cdd47c5d5ff221/DL_Best-Practice_Aloisiuskolleg_EN.pdf (11.10.2023).
- ISTE. (International Society for Technology in Education). (2016). https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/what-are-iste-standards (11.16.2023)
- International Telecommunication Union. (2020). Digital skills insight 2020, https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/phcb/D-PHCB-CAP_BLD.03-2020-PDF-E.pdf (19.05.2023).
- International Telecommunications Union (ITU). (2021). Measuring digital development: Facts and figures 2021, Geneva: ITU, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf (19.06.2023).
- IT&Telekomföretagen. (2017). The IT Skills Shortage: A Report on the Swedish digital sector’s need for cutting-edge expertise, https://www.almega.se/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/06/ittelekom_rapport_brist_pa_it- kompetens_eng_webb.pdf (15.07.2023)
- inhuntworld. (2023). https://inhuntworld.com/2023-headhunting-statistics-and-trends/ (16.06.2023.)
- Jakopsone, M. (2022). Germany - Digital strategy 2025, https://digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu/en/actions/national-initiatives/national-strategies/germany-digital-strategy-2025 (10.03.2023)
- Kane, L. O., Narasimhan, R., Burning, J. N., & Taska, B. (2020). Digitalization in the German labor market: Analyzing demand for digital skills in job vacancies (pp. 1-58). Bertelsmann-Stiftung.
- Koca, D. (2020). Sanayi 4.0 Kapsamında Türkiye'de İşgücünün Yeni Becerilerinin Belirlenmesi: Beceri Talebi ve Arzının Karşılaştırılması (Doctoral dissertation, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Make IT Work. (2022). Omscholingstraject Make IT Work, https://www.itacademy.nl/opleidingen/make-it-work (11.04.2023).
- Mansell, R. (2017). Inequality and digitally mediated communication: Divides, contradictions and consequences. Javnost-The Public, 24(2), 146-161.
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- Mazzucato, M. (2016). From market fixing to market-creating: a new framework for innovation policy. Industry and Innovation, 23(2), 140-156.
- McKinsey & Company. (2018). Future Skills: Which skills are lacking in Germany, https://www.stifterverband.org/medien/which-skills-are-lacking-in-germany (15.05.2023).
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- OECD (2018c), OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Sweden, OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation, OECD Publishing:Paris.
- OECD. (2018a). Digital government review of Sweden, https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/digital-government-review-of-sweden-2018.pdf (14.03.2023)
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- Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New media & society, 21(2), 354-375.
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- Wisskirchen, G., Biacabe, B. T., Bormann, U., Muntz, A., Niehaus, G., Soler, G. J., & von Brauchitsch, B. (2017). Artificial intelligence and robotics and their impact on the workplace. IBA Global Employment Institute, 11(5), 49-67.
- Wolter, M. I., Mönnig, A., Hummel, M., Schneemann, C., Weber, E., Zika, G., ... & Neuber-Pohl, C. (2015). Industry 4.0 and the consequences for labour market and economy: scenario calculations in line with the BIBB-IAB qualifications and occupational field projections (Industrie 4.0 und die Folgen für Arbeitsmarkt und Wirtschaft: Szenario-Rechnungen im Rahmen der BIBB-IAB-Qualifikations-und Berufsfeldprojektionen) (No. 201508 (en)). Institut für Arbeitsmarkt-und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
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- ZEW. (2023). Lack of digital sovereignty threatens competitiveness of German companies https://www.zew.de/en/press/latest-press-releases/lack-of-digital-sovereignty-threatens-competitiveness-of-german-companies (17.04.202)
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çalışma Ekonomisi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 28 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4 |
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.
