Araştırma Makalesi
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Post-modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 60, 227 - 243, 22.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0003

Öz

Bu araştırmanın konusu, sosyal mübadele teorisi kapsamında internet üzerinden ücretsiz konaklama üzerine kurulu Couchsurfing (CS) oluşumudur. Araştırmanın amacı ise CS üzerinden insanların neden evlerini tanımadıkları bir insanla paylaştığını keşfetmek ve sosyal mübadele teorisi kapsamında değerlendirmektir. Bu doğrultuda, Eskişehir’de CS üyesi ve misafir ağırlamış yedi katılımcı ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında CS deneyimi, beklenti, amaç, kurulan ilişki, güven ve karşılıklılık kavramları bağlamında sorgulanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, katılımcıların CS deneyim süreci keşfedilmiştir. CS’nin sosyal mübadele teorisine farklı bir bakış açısı kazandırabileceği tespit edilmiştir. CS deneyimi, sosyal mübadele teorisi kapsamında bir süreç olarak model önerisiyle açıklanmıştır. Bu modele göre CS aracılığıyla insanlar üç aşamada karşılaşmaktadır. İlk karşılaşma tarafların internet üzerinden etkileşimini açıklamaktadır. İkinci karşılaşma ise yüz yüze etkileşimi ve son karşılaşma ise CS deneyimi sonrası iletişimi açıklamaktadır. Ek olarak, katılımcılar için güven, araştırmada öne çıkan bir kavram olmuştur. Bunun nedeni ise ilk karşılaşmanın internet üzerinden gerçekleşmesidir. Sosyal mübadele teorisi kapsamında ise öne çıkan kavram karşılıklılıktır. Bu bağlamda, ileride yapılacak araştırmalar güven ve karşılıklılık değişkenleri üzerinden kurgulanabilir. Ayrıca CS araştırmaları katılımcı gözlem ve alan notları yoluyla geliştirilebilir. İleride yapılacak araştırmalara öneriler sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Adamic, L. A., Lauterbach, D., Teng, C. Y., & Ackerman, M. (2011, July). Rating friends without making enemies. In Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Barcelona, Spain. Erişim adresi: https:// aaai.org/Conferences/ICWSM/icwsm11.php
  • Avcıkurt, C., Özdemir, S. S., Ergen, F. D., & Güzel, S. Ö. (2017). Assessment of the touristic activities conducted by Couchsurfing participants in terms of their relevance to slow tourism criteria. assessment, 7(2).
  • Ayers-Greenidge, E. (2012). Free associations : An exploration of guests ’ experiences ın the couchsurfing exchange. Wright Institute.
  • Belk, R. (2010). Sharing. Journal of Consumer Research, 36, 715–734.
  • Bialski, P. (2012). Technologies of hospitality: How planned encounters develop between strangers. Hospitality & Society, 1, 245–260.
  • Bialski, P. (2006). Emotional tourism. An interpretive study of online hospitality exchange systems as a new form of tourism. HospitalityGuide. Net.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Blau, P. M. (1960). A theory of social integration. American Journal of Sociology, 65(6), 545–556.
  • Bock, G. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2002). Breaking the myths of rewards: An exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing. Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ), 15(2), 14–21.
  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative research. Sage Publications Ltd, London.
  • Chen, D. J. (2017). Gendered Couchsurfing: Women from Western Europe and East-Asia contesting de-sexualised cosmopolitanism. Gender, Place & Culture, 24(8), 1090–1106.
  • Chung, J., & Buhalis, D. (2009). Virtual travel community: Bridging travellers and locals. Tourism Informatics: Visual travel recommender systems, social communities, and user ınterface design. Hershey: Information Science Reference, 130–-144.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications Ltd, London.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900.
  • Çetin, A. ve Şentürk, M. (2016). Bilgi paylaşma davranışının planlı davranış teorisi ve sosyal mübadele teorisi bağlamında incelenmesi: Dermatologlar üzerine ampirik bir araştırma. Ege Academic Review, 16(2).
  • Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1), 335–362.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 31–41.
  • Geiger, A., & Germelmann, C. C. (2015). “Thank me for hosting:” the role of reciprocity in sharing. ACR North American Advances.
  • Geiger, A., Horbel, C., & Germelmann, C. C. (2018). “Give and take”: How notions of sharing and context determine free peer-to-peer accommodation decisions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(1), 5–15.
  • Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 161–178.
  • Hellwing, K., Morhart, F., Kocher, B., & Zisiadis, G. (2014). Share your life and get more of yourself. Experience sharing in Couchsurfing. ACR North American Advances.
  • Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 597–606.
  • Lambe, C. J., Wittmann, C. M., & Spekman, R. E. (2001). Social exchange theory and research on business-tobusiness relational exchange. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 8(3), 1–36.
  • Liu, Y., Nie, L., & Li, L. (2016). Homogeneity, trust, and reciprocity: Three keys to the sustainable hospitality exchange of couchsurfing. Tourism Analysis, 21(2–3), 145–157.
  • Luo, Q., & Zhang, H. (2016). Building interpersonal trust in a travel-related virtual community: A case study on a Guangzhou Couchsurfing community. Tourism Management, 54, 107–121.
  • Molz, J. G. (2012). CouchSurfing and network hospitality:’It’s not just about the furniture’. Hospitality & Society, 1(3), 215–225.
  • Molz, J. (2007). Cosmopolitans on the couch. Mobilizing hospitality: The ethics of social relations in a mobile world, 78–99.
  • Nunkoo, R., Smith, S. L., & Ramkissoon, H. (2013). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: A longitudinal study of 140 articles from 1984 to 2010. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 5–-25.
  • Panayeva, S. (2016). Understanding tourist motivation of members of the Couchsurfing hospitality exchange club. International Student Conference in Tourism Research, 23rd-24th of May 2016.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri(M. Bütün ve S. Beşir Demir, Çev.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Rosen, D., Lafontaine, P. R., & Hendrickson, B. (2011). CouchSurfing: Belonging and trust in a globally cooperative online social network. New Media & Society, 13(6), 981–998.
  • Schuckert, M., Peters, M., & Pilz, G. (2017). The co-creation of host–guest relationships via couchsurfing: A qualitative study. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–15.
  • Searle, M. S. (1991). Propositions for testing social exchange theory in the context of ceasing leisure participation. Leisure Sciences, 13(4), 279–294.
  • Swift, M. L., & Virick, M. (2013). Perceived support, knowledge tacitness, and provider knowledge sharing. Group & Organization Management, 38(6), 717–742.
  • Takahashi, N. (2000). The emergence of generalized exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 105, 1105–1134.
  • Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Okumuş A. veÖztürk, E. (2014). Pazarlama teorileri. (Ed.). İstanbul: MediaCat Yayıncılık.
  • Erişim adresi: http://www.couchsurfing.com/about/about-us/ (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2018)

The Postmodern Unexpected Guest: The Couchsurfing Experience Process

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 60, 227 - 243, 22.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0003

Öz

The subject of this research is the formation of Couchsurfing (CS) based on free accommodation on the internet within the context of social change theory. The aim of the research is to discover why people share their homes with people through CS and to evaluate them in accordance with social change theory. In this context, seven participants were interviewed in Eskişehir with CS members and hosted guests. As part of the research, the concepts of the CS experience, expectations, purpose, established relationships, trust and reciprocity were questioned. In this study, the CS experience process of the participants was learned and it was determined that CS might provide a different perspective in social change theory. The CS experience is explained with a model proposal as a process within social change theory. According to this model proposal, people move through three phases in CS. The first phase is the internet interaction. The second phase is the face-to-face interaction and the last phase is the communication following the CS experience. Trust for participants is a prominent topic in research in this area. This is due to the fact that the first interaction is caried out over the internet. In the context of social exchange theory, the prominent concept is reciprocity. Future research can be structured on the variables trust and reciprocity. In addition, CS research can be developed through participatory observation and colecting field notes. Lastly, research suggestions are presented.

Kaynakça

  • Adamic, L. A., Lauterbach, D., Teng, C. Y., & Ackerman, M. (2011, July). Rating friends without making enemies. In Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Barcelona, Spain. Erişim adresi: https:// aaai.org/Conferences/ICWSM/icwsm11.php
  • Avcıkurt, C., Özdemir, S. S., Ergen, F. D., & Güzel, S. Ö. (2017). Assessment of the touristic activities conducted by Couchsurfing participants in terms of their relevance to slow tourism criteria. assessment, 7(2).
  • Ayers-Greenidge, E. (2012). Free associations : An exploration of guests ’ experiences ın the couchsurfing exchange. Wright Institute.
  • Belk, R. (2010). Sharing. Journal of Consumer Research, 36, 715–734.
  • Bialski, P. (2012). Technologies of hospitality: How planned encounters develop between strangers. Hospitality & Society, 1, 245–260.
  • Bialski, P. (2006). Emotional tourism. An interpretive study of online hospitality exchange systems as a new form of tourism. HospitalityGuide. Net.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Blau, P. M. (1960). A theory of social integration. American Journal of Sociology, 65(6), 545–556.
  • Bock, G. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2002). Breaking the myths of rewards: An exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing. Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ), 15(2), 14–21.
  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative research. Sage Publications Ltd, London.
  • Chen, D. J. (2017). Gendered Couchsurfing: Women from Western Europe and East-Asia contesting de-sexualised cosmopolitanism. Gender, Place & Culture, 24(8), 1090–1106.
  • Chung, J., & Buhalis, D. (2009). Virtual travel community: Bridging travellers and locals. Tourism Informatics: Visual travel recommender systems, social communities, and user ınterface design. Hershey: Information Science Reference, 130–-144.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications Ltd, London.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900.
  • Çetin, A. ve Şentürk, M. (2016). Bilgi paylaşma davranışının planlı davranış teorisi ve sosyal mübadele teorisi bağlamında incelenmesi: Dermatologlar üzerine ampirik bir araştırma. Ege Academic Review, 16(2).
  • Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1), 335–362.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 31–41.
  • Geiger, A., & Germelmann, C. C. (2015). “Thank me for hosting:” the role of reciprocity in sharing. ACR North American Advances.
  • Geiger, A., Horbel, C., & Germelmann, C. C. (2018). “Give and take”: How notions of sharing and context determine free peer-to-peer accommodation decisions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(1), 5–15.
  • Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 161–178.
  • Hellwing, K., Morhart, F., Kocher, B., & Zisiadis, G. (2014). Share your life and get more of yourself. Experience sharing in Couchsurfing. ACR North American Advances.
  • Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 597–606.
  • Lambe, C. J., Wittmann, C. M., & Spekman, R. E. (2001). Social exchange theory and research on business-tobusiness relational exchange. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 8(3), 1–36.
  • Liu, Y., Nie, L., & Li, L. (2016). Homogeneity, trust, and reciprocity: Three keys to the sustainable hospitality exchange of couchsurfing. Tourism Analysis, 21(2–3), 145–157.
  • Luo, Q., & Zhang, H. (2016). Building interpersonal trust in a travel-related virtual community: A case study on a Guangzhou Couchsurfing community. Tourism Management, 54, 107–121.
  • Molz, J. G. (2012). CouchSurfing and network hospitality:’It’s not just about the furniture’. Hospitality & Society, 1(3), 215–225.
  • Molz, J. (2007). Cosmopolitans on the couch. Mobilizing hospitality: The ethics of social relations in a mobile world, 78–99.
  • Nunkoo, R., Smith, S. L., & Ramkissoon, H. (2013). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: A longitudinal study of 140 articles from 1984 to 2010. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 5–-25.
  • Panayeva, S. (2016). Understanding tourist motivation of members of the Couchsurfing hospitality exchange club. International Student Conference in Tourism Research, 23rd-24th of May 2016.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri(M. Bütün ve S. Beşir Demir, Çev.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Rosen, D., Lafontaine, P. R., & Hendrickson, B. (2011). CouchSurfing: Belonging and trust in a globally cooperative online social network. New Media & Society, 13(6), 981–998.
  • Schuckert, M., Peters, M., & Pilz, G. (2017). The co-creation of host–guest relationships via couchsurfing: A qualitative study. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–15.
  • Searle, M. S. (1991). Propositions for testing social exchange theory in the context of ceasing leisure participation. Leisure Sciences, 13(4), 279–294.
  • Swift, M. L., & Virick, M. (2013). Perceived support, knowledge tacitness, and provider knowledge sharing. Group & Organization Management, 38(6), 717–742.
  • Takahashi, N. (2000). The emergence of generalized exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 105, 1105–1134.
  • Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Okumuş A. veÖztürk, E. (2014). Pazarlama teorileri. (Ed.). İstanbul: MediaCat Yayıncılık.
  • Erişim adresi: http://www.couchsurfing.com/about/about-us/ (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2018)
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Serhat Aydın 0000-0001-6646-7656

Emin Cihan Duyan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9988-0444

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 60

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, S., & Duyan, E. C. (2019). Post-modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci. Journal of Economy Culture and Society(60), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0003
AMA Aydın S, Duyan EC. Post-modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. Ekim 2019;(60):227-243. doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0003
Chicago Aydın, Serhat, ve Emin Cihan Duyan. “Post-Modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 60 (Ekim 2019): 227-43. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0003.
EndNote Aydın S, Duyan EC (01 Ekim 2019) Post-modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 60 227–243.
IEEE S. Aydın ve E. C. Duyan, “Post-modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci”, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 60, ss. 227–243, Ekim 2019, doi: 10.26650/JECS2019-0003.
ISNAD Aydın, Serhat - Duyan, Emin Cihan. “Post-Modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 60 (Ekim 2019), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0003.
JAMA Aydın S, Duyan EC. Post-modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2019;:227–243.
MLA Aydın, Serhat ve Emin Cihan Duyan. “Post-Modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 60, 2019, ss. 227-43, doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0003.
Vancouver Aydın S, Duyan EC. Post-modern Tanrı Misafiri: Couchsurfing Deneyim Süreci. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2019(60):227-43.