Araştırma Makalesi
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The Role of Green Finance Practices on Sustainable Development: The Turkey Projection

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 16 - 45, 30.06.2022

Öz

The imperatives of climate change, the urgency to act, the power of financial markets, and the commitment of investors to do good for the ecosystem will make development finance successful. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the historical development of national and international institutions that were the pioneers of green finance practices and to analyze the effects of green finance practices on economic structures in line with the sustainability principles, standards, and reports published by these institutions. The necessity to harmonize the country's policies with sustainability and to evaluate, report, and manage the financial and financial risks caused by the negative effects on the environment has been the source of motivation for the study. Within the scope of the study, detailed information was given about sustainability, sustainable development, green finance and financing instruments; green bonds, green credit, green insurance, and green sukuk are analyzed in the context of historical processes, economic indicators, and graphics. In the last part of the study, policy recommendations were made in order to reduce the effects of climate and environmental-based negative effects in the world and in Turkey and to ensure sustainable growth.

Kaynakça

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  • Climate Bonds Initiative (2016). Nordex issues first green schuldschein. Retrieved from https://www.climatebonds.net/2016/03/nordex-issues-first-green-schuldschein-debt-instrument-eur-550m-621m-wind-energy-and-gains
  • Climate Bonds Initiative (2017). Green covered bonds: Building green cover pools. Retrieved from https://www.climatebonds.net/files/files/March17_CBI_Briefing_Covered_Bonds.pdf,
  • Climate Bonds Initiative (2022). 1 trillion annual green ınsuance in sight. Retrieved from https://www.climatebonds.net/2022/01/500bn-green-issuance-2021-social-and-sustainable-acceleration-annual-green-1tn-sight-market
  • Climate Change, (2022). Non-state actor zone for climate action (NAZCA). Retrieved from https://www.climate-chance.org/en/library/nazca/ Dış İşleri Bakanlığı (t.y.). Uluslararası süreçler ve Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir kalkınma. Erişim Adresi: https://www.mfa.gov.tr
  • Dünya Bankası. (2018). Yeşil tahvil etkisi raporu. Erişim adresi: https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/632251542641579226-0340022018/original/repo rtimpactgreenbond2018.pdf
  • EUROPEAN COMISSION, (2022). EU Taxonomy for sustainable activities. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/banking-and-finance/sustainable-finance/eu-taxonomy-sustainable-activities_en
  • GIFIIP, (2022). Green sukuk initiative. Retrieved from http://www.gifiip.org/green-sukuk-initiative/ Global Capital (2013). Vasakronan issues first corporate green bond. Retrieved from https://www.globalcapital.com/article/28muh9nuk45p0rsbdy3nk/corporate-bonds/vasakronan-issues-first-corporate-green-bond
  • Goldman Sachs (2022). Sustainable finance, Retrieved from https://www.goldmansachs.com/our-commitments/sustainability/sustainable-finance/
  • Green Finance Portal (2022). What are green loans? Retrieved from http://greenfinanceportal.env. go.jp/en /loan/overview/about.html
  • Harris, J.M. (2000). Basic principles of sustainable development (Global Development and Environment Insitute Working Paper 00-04). Retrieved from https://sites.tufts.edu/gdae/files/2019/10/00-04Harris-BasicPrinciplesSD.pdf
  • Huan, Q., Chen, Y. and Huan, X. (2022). A frugal eco-innovation policy? Ecological poverty alleviation in contemporary China from a perspective of eco-civilization progress. Sustainability, 14(8): 1-16.
  • ICMA (2020). Bond market size. Retrieved from https://www.icmagroup.org/market-practice-and-regulatory-policy/secondary-markets/bond-market-size/
  • ICMA (2020). Harmonized framwork for impact reporting. Retrieved from https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/3deee5d3-9073-4eff-99fb-b061d7137ff6/ Handbook-Harmonized-Framework-for-Impact-Reporting-220420.pdf?MOD= AJPERES&CVID=nx6alip#:~:text=In%20March%202015%2C%20a%20working,International%20Financial%20Institutions%20(IFIs)
  • ICMA (2021). Yeşil tahvil ilkeleri: Yeşil tahvil ihracı için gönüllü süreç rehberi, Erişim adresi: https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Green-Bonds/Translations/ 2021/Turkish-GBP-2021.pdf?vid=2
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  • Karslı, E.A. (2020). Turkey issues its first sustainable sukuk. Retrieved from http://www.gifiip.org/turkey-issues-its-first-sustainable-sukuk/
  • Kuloğlu, E. ve Öncel, M. (2015). Yeşil finans uygulaması ve Türkiye’de uygulanabilirliği. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2): 2-19.
  • Levine, R. (2004). Finance and growth: Theory and evidence (NBER Working Paper Series- National Bureau of Economic Research). Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w10766/w10766.pdf
  • London Stock Exchange Group (2022). Refinitiv financial solutions. Retrieved from https://www.refinitiv.com
  • LSTA (2021). Green loan principles: Supporting environmentally sustainable economic activity. Retrieved from https://www.lsta.org/content/green-loan-principles/#:~:text=The%20 Green%20Loan%20Principles%20(GLP,of%20the%20green%20loan%20product
  • Maino, A.G. and Felow, A. (2022). Financing the energy transition: The role, opportunities and challenges of green bonds (The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, OIES paper ET07). Retrieved from https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/financing-the-energy-transition-the-role-opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-bonds/
  • Murdoch, A. (2021). A look inside Asia’s first green commercial paper guarantee. Capital Monitor. Retrieved from https://capitalmonitor.ai/asset-class/alternative-assets/a-look-inside-asias-first-green-commercial-paper-guarantee/
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  • Noh, H.J. (2018). Financial strategy to accelerate green growth (ADBI Working Paper Series No. 866). https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/452656/adbi-wp866.pdf
  • Orado, D. (2021). What you need to know about IFC’s green bonds (The World Bank Climate Explainer Series) Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/12/08/what-you-need-to-know-about-ifc-s-green-bonds
  • Oxford Enerji Araştırmaları Enstitüsü (2022). Zaman çizelgeleri raporu. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/financing-the-energy-transition-the-role-opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-bonds/
  • Ozmehmet, E. (2008). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir kalkınma yaklaşımları. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 3(12): 1853-1876.
  • Ritchie, H. (2017). Air Pollution: does it get worse before it gets better? Our World in Data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution-does-it-get-worse-before-it-gets-better
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  • Shapiro, L., Matthew S.M. and Burke, E.B. (2022). S&P global raitings: Global sustainable bond issuance to surpass $1.5 trillion in 2022. Retrieved from https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/research/articles/220207-global-sustainable-bond-issuance-to-surpass-1-5-trillion-in-2022-12262243
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Yeşil Finansman Uygulamalarının Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Üzerindeki Rolü: Türkiye Projeksiyonu

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 16 - 45, 30.06.2022

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin getirdiği zorunluluklar, harekete geçme aciliyeti, finansal piyasaların gücü ve yatırımcıların ekosisteme karşı iyi şeyler yapma taahhüdü kalkınma finansmanını başarılı kılacaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı yeşil finans uygulamalarının öncüsü olan ulusal ve uluslararası kurumların tarihsel süreçte gelişimlerini incelemek ve bu kurumların yayınlamış oldukları sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleri, standartları ve raporları doğrultusunda yeşil finansman uygulamalarının ekonomik yapılar üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Ülke politikalarını sürdürülebilirlikle uyumlu hale getirmek ve çevre üzerindeki olumsuzlukların neden olduğu finansal ve mali risklerin değerlendirmek, raporlamak ve yönetmek gerekliliği çalışmanın motivasyon kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında sürdürülebilirlik, sürdürülebilir kalkınma, yeşil finansman ve finansman araçları hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiş; yeşil tahvil, yeşil kredi, yeşil sigorta ve yeşil sukuk konuları tarihsel süreçleri, ekonomik göstergeler ve grafikler eşliğinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son kısmında dünya ve Türkiye’de iklim ve çevre temelli olumsuzlukların etkilerini azaltmak ve sürdürülebilir büyümeyi sağlamak adına politika önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. 

Kaynakça

  • CICERO (2021). CICERO Shades of green: Best practices 2021. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5bc5b31a7788975c96763ea7/t/6155705d00cc5e1d02d5720f/1632989299646/BestPracticesReport2021.pdf
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  • Climate Bonds Initiative (2017). Green covered bonds: Building green cover pools. Retrieved from https://www.climatebonds.net/files/files/March17_CBI_Briefing_Covered_Bonds.pdf,
  • Climate Bonds Initiative (2022). 1 trillion annual green ınsuance in sight. Retrieved from https://www.climatebonds.net/2022/01/500bn-green-issuance-2021-social-and-sustainable-acceleration-annual-green-1tn-sight-market
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  • EUROPEAN COMISSION, (2022). EU Taxonomy for sustainable activities. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/banking-and-finance/sustainable-finance/eu-taxonomy-sustainable-activities_en
  • GIFIIP, (2022). Green sukuk initiative. Retrieved from http://www.gifiip.org/green-sukuk-initiative/ Global Capital (2013). Vasakronan issues first corporate green bond. Retrieved from https://www.globalcapital.com/article/28muh9nuk45p0rsbdy3nk/corporate-bonds/vasakronan-issues-first-corporate-green-bond
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  • Green Finance Portal (2022). What are green loans? Retrieved from http://greenfinanceportal.env. go.jp/en /loan/overview/about.html
  • Harris, J.M. (2000). Basic principles of sustainable development (Global Development and Environment Insitute Working Paper 00-04). Retrieved from https://sites.tufts.edu/gdae/files/2019/10/00-04Harris-BasicPrinciplesSD.pdf
  • Huan, Q., Chen, Y. and Huan, X. (2022). A frugal eco-innovation policy? Ecological poverty alleviation in contemporary China from a perspective of eco-civilization progress. Sustainability, 14(8): 1-16.
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  • ICMA (2020). Harmonized framwork for impact reporting. Retrieved from https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/3deee5d3-9073-4eff-99fb-b061d7137ff6/ Handbook-Harmonized-Framework-for-Impact-Reporting-220420.pdf?MOD= AJPERES&CVID=nx6alip#:~:text=In%20March%202015%2C%20a%20working,International%20Financial%20Institutions%20(IFIs)
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  • Karslı, E.A. (2020). Turkey issues its first sustainable sukuk. Retrieved from http://www.gifiip.org/turkey-issues-its-first-sustainable-sukuk/
  • Kuloğlu, E. ve Öncel, M. (2015). Yeşil finans uygulaması ve Türkiye’de uygulanabilirliği. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2): 2-19.
  • Levine, R. (2004). Finance and growth: Theory and evidence (NBER Working Paper Series- National Bureau of Economic Research). Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w10766/w10766.pdf
  • London Stock Exchange Group (2022). Refinitiv financial solutions. Retrieved from https://www.refinitiv.com
  • LSTA (2021). Green loan principles: Supporting environmentally sustainable economic activity. Retrieved from https://www.lsta.org/content/green-loan-principles/#:~:text=The%20 Green%20Loan%20Principles%20(GLP,of%20the%20green%20loan%20product
  • Maino, A.G. and Felow, A. (2022). Financing the energy transition: The role, opportunities and challenges of green bonds (The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, OIES paper ET07). Retrieved from https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/financing-the-energy-transition-the-role-opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-bonds/
  • Murdoch, A. (2021). A look inside Asia’s first green commercial paper guarantee. Capital Monitor. Retrieved from https://capitalmonitor.ai/asset-class/alternative-assets/a-look-inside-asias-first-green-commercial-paper-guarantee/
  • NGFS (2022). Statement on nature-related financial risks. Retrieved from https://www.ngfs.net/sites/default/files/medias/documents/statement_on_nature_related_financial_risks_-_final.pdf
  • Noh, H.J. (2018). Financial strategy to accelerate green growth (ADBI Working Paper Series No. 866). https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/452656/adbi-wp866.pdf
  • Orado, D. (2021). What you need to know about IFC’s green bonds (The World Bank Climate Explainer Series) Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/12/08/what-you-need-to-know-about-ifc-s-green-bonds
  • Oxford Enerji Araştırmaları Enstitüsü (2022). Zaman çizelgeleri raporu. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/financing-the-energy-transition-the-role-opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-bonds/
  • Ozmehmet, E. (2008). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir kalkınma yaklaşımları. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 3(12): 1853-1876.
  • Ritchie, H. (2017). Air Pollution: does it get worse before it gets better? Our World in Data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution-does-it-get-worse-before-it-gets-better
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  • Schoenmaker, D. (2017). From risk to opportunity: A framework for sustainable finance (Erasmus University: Rotterdam School of Managment, RSM Series on Positive Change, Volume 2). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3066210
  • Shapiro, L., Matthew S.M. and Burke, E.B. (2022). S&P global raitings: Global sustainable bond issuance to surpass $1.5 trillion in 2022. Retrieved from https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/research/articles/220207-global-sustainable-bond-issuance-to-surpass-1-5-trillion-in-2022-12262243
  • SHURA (2019). Türkiye’de enerji dönüşümünün finansmanı. Erişim adresi: https://www.shura.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Turkiyede_Enerji_Donusumunun_ Finansmani_2.pdf
  • SIF (2021). Nature-related risks in the global insurance sector. Retrieved from https://www.sustainableinsuranceforum.org/view_pdf.php?pdf_file=wp-content/uploads/ 2021/11/UN_Nature-Related-Risks-in-the-Global-Insurance-Sector_v9.pdf
  • Silver, N. (2017). Finance, society, and sustainability: How to make the financial system work for the economy, people and planet. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sorkin, A.R. (2020). Climate crisis will reshape finance, The New York Times, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/14/business/dealbook/larry-fink-blackrock-climate-change.html#:~:text=%E2%80%9CAwareness%20is%20rapidly%20changing%2C%20and,core%20assumptions%20about%20modern%20finance.%E2%80%9D
  • SSE (2022). Sustainable stock exchanges initiative. Retrieved from https://sseinitiative.org/,
  • TCMB (2021). Finansal istikrar raporu (No: 2). Erişim adresi: .https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/82b86baf-01ad-4eb1-a01d-2210c21fa37d/ F%C4%B0R32_TAM+MET%C4%B0N.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-82b86baf-01ad-4eb1-a01d-2210c21fa37d-nGacPVD
  • TCFD (2022). Climate change presents financial risk to the global economy. Retrieved from https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/
  • Toole, M. (2022). sustainable finance coninues surge in 2021, Refinitiv Perspectives, Retrieved from https://www.refinitiv.com/perspectives/market-insights/sustainable-finance-continues-surge-in-2021/#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20sustainable%20bonds%20reached,three%20 times%20the%20previous%20record
  • TSBP (2022). Gösterge, 2022. Erişim adresi: https://www.tspb.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Gosterge_KIS_2022.pdf#page=50
  • Tverberg, G. (2014). Energy and the economy- twelve basic principles, Our Finite World. Retrieved from https://ourfiniteworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/energy-and-the-economy-e28093-twelve-basic-principles-our-finite-world.pdf
  • UN Environmnet Programme (2019). Sustainable finance progress report. Retrieved from https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/34534;jsessionid=3068077633BCADEF38D7F7CAE42C5670
  • UNDP (2022). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları. Erişim adresi: https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
  • UNDP (2022). The SDGN in action. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearc h_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=CjwKCAjw3cSSBhBGEiwAVII0Z3QbisH_7AD75FgU1INQItzIGMewXLQzQelDYIVsMKiPRWNzVBXwghoCGcMQAvD_BwE
  • Vasakronan (2008). To issue the World’s first green corporate bond. Retrieved from https://vasakronan.se/pressmeddelande/vasakronan-issues-the-worlds-first-green-corporate-bond/
  • WHO (2016). Ambient air pollution: A global assessment of exposure and burden of disease. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250141/978924151135 3-eng.pdf;jsessionid=D2FBA53D353CA3CAC19F51EAAD3FD4B4?sequence=1
  • Wiinholt M. (2021). Qrsted green bond impact report 2021. Retrieved from https://orstedcdn.azureedge.net/-/media/annual2021/green-bond-impact-report-2021.ash x?la=en&rev=7b82631fb4d64f51bdea9d94c7491920&hash=9823EE900901654B3DDF91ACBA13F727
  • World Bank (2018). 10 Years of green bonds: Green bond ımpact report 2018. Retrieved from https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/632251542641579226-0340022018/original/repo rtimpactgreenbond2018.pdf
  • Word Bank Treasury (2018). 70 years connecting capital markets to development. Retrieved from https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/824851541019932178-0340022018/original/70ye arschapterseven.pdf
  • World Bank (2019). 10 Years of green bonds: Vreating the blueprint for sustainability across capital markets, Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/immersive-story/2019/ 03/18/10-years-of-green-bonds-creating-the-blueprint-for-sustainability-across-capital-markets
  • World Commission on Environment and Development (t.y.). Our Common Future. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf.
  • Yakubu, Y., Manu, S.B. and Umar, B. (2015). Electricity Supply and Manufacturing Output in Nigeria: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Testing Approac. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(17): 7-19.
  • Zervos, F.H. (2017). Malaysia Launches The World’s First Green Islamic Bond, Retrieved from https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/malaysia-launches-the-worlds-first-green-islamic-bond
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Onur Şimşek 0000-0003-2411-8655

Halil Tunalı 0000-0002-7065-4080

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şimşek, O., & Tunalı, H. (2022). Yeşil Finansman Uygulamalarının Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Üzerindeki Rolü: Türkiye Projeksiyonu. Ekonomi Ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(1), 16-45.