ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ

Nejla Yıldırım; Binay Can Eke

doi:10.33483/jfpau.1441827

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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE, RISK FACTORS AND THERAPY

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2, 766 - 790, 20.05.2024

Nejla Yıldırım Binay Can Eke

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1441827

Öz

Objective: Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive and challenging disease whose incidence is increasing day by day with the increase in the average age both in our country and around the world. The causes of the disease and the pathology of the disease are still not fully clarified, a way to prevent the disease has not been found, and a molecule that has been proven to completely cure the patient if used after the disease has not been discovered. Treatment with conventional drugs is still the most commonly used treatment method in clinics and provides only symptomatic benefit. Today, innovative drug studies continue to shed light on Alzheimer's Disease.
Result and Discussion: Although it is not possible to treat the disease without fully understanding its pathophysiology, promising new molecules have been put into use in the clinic with developing drug technology. If they continue to be found to be effective and safe and strengthen their place in the pharmaceutical market they will be a hope for patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer’s Disease, amyloid beta, tau

Kaynakça

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ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2, 766 - 790, 20.05.2024

Nejla Yıldırım Binay Can Eke

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1441827

Öz

Amaç: Alzheimer Hastalığı hem ülkemizde hem de dünya genelinde, yaş ortalamasının da artması ile birlikte görülme sıklığı her geçen gün artan ilerleyici ve zorlu bir hastalıktır. Hastalığa yakalanma nedenleri ve hastalığın patolojisi hala tam olarak aydınlatılamamış, hastalığa yakalanmayı önleyen bir yol bulunamamış ve hasta olduktan sonra da kullanıldığı takdirde hastayı tamamen iyileştirdiği kanıtlanmış bir molekül keşfedilememiştir. Konvansiyonel ilaçlar ile tedavi halen daha klinikte en çok başvurulan ve sadece semptomatik yarar sağlayan tedavi yöntemidir. Günümüzde innovatif ilaç çalışmaları Alzheimer Hastalığına ışık olabilmek için devam etmektedir.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Hastalığın patofizyolojisi tam olarak anlaşılamadan tedavi edilmesi mümkün olmamakla birlikte gelişen ilaç teknolojisi ile umut vaat eden yeni moleküller klinikte kullanıma sunulmuştur. Etkili ve güvenli bulunmalarının devamı halinde ilaç pazarında yerini sağlamlaştırarak hastalara umut olacaklardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer Hastalığı, amiloid beta, tau

Kaynakça

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143. Nichols, E., Szoeke, C.E., Vollset, S.E., Abbasi, N., Abd-Allah, F., Abdela, J., Aichour, M.T.E., Akinyemi, R.O., Alahdab, F., Asgedom, S.W. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology, 18(1), 88-106. [CrossRef]
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145. Grossberg, G.T., Manes, F., Allegri, R.F., Gutiérrez-Robledo, L.M., Gloger, S., Xie, L., Jia, X.D., Pejović, V., Miller, M.L., Perhach, J.L. (2013). The safety, tolerability, and efficacy of once-daily memantine (28 mg): A multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease taking cholinesterase inhibitors. CNS Drugs, 27, 469-478. [CrossRef]
146. Whitehouse, P.J. (1998). The cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 19-22.
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148. Kevadiya, B.D., Ottemann, B.M., Thomas, M.B., Mukadam, I., Nigam, S., McMillan, J., Gorantla, S., Bronich, T.K., Edagwa, B., Gendelman, H.E. (2019). Neurotheranostics as personalized medicines. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 148, 252-289. [CrossRef]
149. Sharma, K. (2019). Cholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer's therapeutics. Molecular Medicine Reports, 20(2), 1479-1487. [CrossRef]
150. Dooley, M.,Lamb, H.M. (2000). Donepezil: A review of its use in Alzheimer’s disease. Drugs & Aging, 16, 199-226. [CrossRef]
151. Scott, L.J.,Goa, K.L. (2000). Galantamine: A review of its use in Alzheimer’s disease. Drugs, 60, 1095-1122. [CrossRef]
152. Kim, J.K.,Park, S.U. (2017). Pharmacological aspects of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. EXCLI Journal, 16, 35-39. [CrossRef]
153. Birks, J.S. (2006). Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), 1. [CrossRef]
154. Chu, L., Yik, P., Mok, W., Chung, C. (2007). A 2‐year open‐label study of galantamine therapy in Chinese Alzheimer's disease patients in Hong Kong. International journal of clinical practice, 61(3), 403-410. [CrossRef]
155. Blanco-Silvente, L., Castells, X., Saez, M., Barceló, M.A., Garre-Olmo, J., Vilalta-Franch, J., Capellà, D. (2017). Discontinuation, efficacy, and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of 43 randomized clinical trials enrolling 16 106 patients. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 20(7), 519-528. [CrossRef]
156. Health, N.I.f.,Excellence, C. (2011). Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta217 Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2024.
157. Winblad, B., Jones, R.W., Wirth, Y., Stöffler, A., Möbius, H.J. (2007). Memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. S. Karger AG Basel, Switzerland. p. 20-27. [CrossRef]
158. Thomas, S.J.,Grossberg, G.T. (2009). Memantine: a review of studies into its safety and efficacy in treating Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 367-377. [CrossRef]
159. Liu, J., Chang, L., Song, Y., Li, H., Wu, Y. (2019). The role of NMDA receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 43. [CrossRef]
161. Santos, M.A., Chand, K., Chaves, S. (2016). Recent progress in multifunctional metal chelators as potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 327, 287-303. [CrossRef]
162. McShane, R., Westby, M.J., Roberts, E., Minakaran, N., Schneider, L., Farrimond, L.E., Maayan, N., Ware, J., Debarros, J. (2019). Memantine for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), Cd003154. [CrossRef]
163. Blanco-Silvente, L., Capellà, D., Garre-Olmo, J., Vilalta-Franch, J., Castells, X. (2018). Predictors of discontinuation, efficacy, and safety of memantine treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: Meta-analysis and meta-regression of 18 randomized clinical trials involving 5004 patients. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 1-16. [CrossRef]
164. Cummings, J.L., Tong, G., Ballard, C. (2019). Treatment combinations for Alzheimer’s disease: Current and future pharmacotherapy options. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 67(3), 779-794. [CrossRef]
165. Riordan, K.C., Snyder, C.R.H., Wellik, K.E., Caselli, R.J., Wingerchuk, D.M., Demaerschalk, B.M. (2011). Effectiveness of adding memantine to an Alzheimer dementia treatment regimen which already includes stable donepezil therapy: A critically appraised topic. The Neurologist, 17(2), 121-123. [CrossRef]
166. Morató, X., Pytel, V., Jofresa, S., Ruiz, A., Boada, M. (2022). Symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy pipeline for Alzheimer’s disease: Towards a personalized polypharmacology patient-centered approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(16), 9305. [CrossRef]
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168. Passeri, E., Elkhoury, K., Morsink, M., Broersen, K., Linder, M., Tamayol, A., Malaplate, C., Yen, F.T., Arab-Tehrany, E. (2022). Alzheimer’s disease: Treatment strategies and their limitations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(22), 13954. [CrossRef]
169. Zenaro, E., Piacentino, G., Constantin, G. (2017). The blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease, 107, 41-56. [CrossRef]
170. Chakraborty, A., De Wit, N., Van Der Flier, W., De Vries, H. (2017). The blood brain barrier in Alzheimer’s disease. Vascular Pharmacology, 89, 12-18. [CrossRef]
171. Abbott, N.J., Patabendige, A.A., Dolman, D.E., Yusof, S.R., Begley, D.J. (2010). Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier. Neurobiology of Disease, 37(1), 13-25. [CrossRef]
172. Banks, W.A. (2012). Drug delivery to the brain in Alzheimer's disease: Consideration of the blood–brain barrier. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 64(7), 629-639. [CrossRef]
173. Colin, J., Thomas, M.H., Gregory-Pauron, L., Pinçon, A., Lanhers, M.-C., Corbier, C., Claudepierre, T., Yen, F.T., Oster, T., Malaplate-Armand, C. (2017). Maintenance of membrane organization in the aging mouse brain as the determining factor for preventing receptor dysfunction and for improving response to anti-Alzheimer treatments. Neurobiology of Aging, 54, 84-93. [CrossRef]
174. Poon, C.H., Wang, Y., Fung, M.-L., Zhang, C., Lim, L.W. (2020). Rodent models of amyloid-beta feature of Alzheimer’s disease: Development and potential treatment implications. Aging and Disease, 11(5), 1235. [CrossRef]
175. Cummings, J., Ritter, A., Zhong, K. (2018). Clinical trials for disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer’s disease: A primer, lessons learned, and a blueprint for the future. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 64(s1), S3-S22. [CrossRef]
176. Yu, T.-W., Lane, H.-Y., Lin, C.-H. (2021). Novel therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease: An updated review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(15), 8208. [CrossRef]
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178. Eruope, a. biogen announce. Erişim adresi: www.alzheimer-europe.org/news/biogen-announces-withdrawal-marketing-authorisation-application-aducanumab-treatment. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2024.
179. EMA. Aduhelm withdrawal. Erişim adresi:: www.ema.europa.eu/en/search?search_api_fulltext=aducanumab&f%5B0%5D=ema_med_status%3A100105&f%5B1%5D=ema_med_status%3A100108&f%5B2%5D=ema_medicine_bundle%3Aema_medicine&f%5B3%5D=ema_search_categories%3A83&landing_from=73303. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2024.
180. EMA. Aduhelm-Epar. Erişim adresi: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aduhelm. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2024.
181. EMA. Aduhelm-Withdrawal letter. Erişim adresi: www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-letter/withdrawal-letter-aduhelm_en.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2024.
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183. FDA. Lecanemab. Erişim adresi: www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=761269. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2024.
184. Brenman, J.E. (2023). Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease. The New England Journal of Medicine. 388(17), 1631. [CrossRef]
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186. FDA. Leqembi-Approval Letter. Erişim adresi: www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2023/761269Orig1s000Approv.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2024.
187. Cummings, J., Zhou, Y., Lee, G., Zhong, K., Fonseca, J., Cheng, F. (2023). Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2023. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 9(2), e12385. [CrossRef]

Toplam 187 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Farmasotik Toksikoloji
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Nejla Yıldırım Bu kişi benim 0009-0009-3173-9864 Binay Can Eke 0000-0001-9817-9034
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	18 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi	20 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi	23 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi	27 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2024 Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Yıldırım, N., & Can Eke, B. (2024). ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 48(2), 766-790. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1441827
AMA	Yıldırım N, Can Eke B. ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. Mayıs 2024;48(2):766-790. doi:10.33483/jfpau.1441827
Chicago	Yıldırım, Nejla, ve Binay Can Eke. “ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2024): 766-90. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1441827.
EndNote	Yıldırım N, Can Eke B (01 Mayıs 2024) ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48 2 766–790.
IEEE	N. Yıldırım ve B. Can Eke, “ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ”, Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg., c. 48, sy. 2, ss. 766–790, 2024, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.1441827.
ISNAD	Yıldırım, Nejla - Can Eke, Binay. “ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48/2 (Mayıs 2024), 766-790. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1441827.
JAMA	Yıldırım N, Can Eke B. ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2024;48:766–790.
MLA	Yıldırım, Nejla ve Binay Can Eke. “ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, c. 48, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 766-90, doi:10.33483/jfpau.1441827.
Vancouver	Yıldırım N, Can Eke B. ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2024;48(2):766-90.

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Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, açık erişim, hakemli bir dergi olup Türkçe veya İngilizce olarak farmasötik bilimler alanındaki önemli gelişmeleri içeren orijinal araştırmalar, derlemeler ve kısa bildiriler için uluslararası bir yayım ortamıdır. Bilimsel toplantılarda sunulan bildiriler supleman özel sayısı olarak dergide yayımlanabilir. Ayrıca, tüm farmasötik alandaki gelecek ve önceki ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel toplantılar ile sosyal aktiviteleri içerir.