Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 229 - 242, 01.07.2022

Öz

To understand consumption, which is one of the most important factors of the post-modern period, it is necessary to examine it comparatively with modern consumption. Because the method of understanding Postmodernism, which was born as a reaction to Modernism, is to compare it with Modernism. In this study, the modern consumption is examined in a comparative way with the post-modern consumption. Although post-modern consumption is frequently studied in the literature, modern consumption has not been studied enough. Considering that post-modern consumption can be correctly understood by comparing it with modern consumption, the importance of this study also emerges.
As a result, modern consumption is divided into functional consumption, socialist consumption, sustainable economy, rational consumption and supply-leading economy sub-dimensions. The equivalents of these dimensions in post-modern consumption are symbolic consumption, pleasure seeking, meta-orientation, experiential consuming, communicator, activist, individual consumption, asocial individualism, acceptance of differences, identity creator, decentered subject, paradoxical juxtaposition of opposites, sustainable consumption, reversal of production and consumption, greed, hyper-reality, shopping-focused behavior, impulse purchase and demand-leading economy. In the conclusion part, these determinations are classified and analyzed in a comparative way.

Kaynakça

  • Ackerman, F. (1997), Consumed in theory: alternative perspectives on the economics of consumption. Journal of Economic Issues, 31(3), 651-664.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). The consumer society: myths and structures. London: Sage.
  • Bauer, P.T. (1954). The economics of marketing reform. Journal of Political Economy, 62(3), 210-235.
  • Bauman, Z. (1988). Sociology and postmodernity. The Sociological Review, 36(4), 790-813.
  • Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Bertens, H. (1995). The idea of the postmodern. London: Routledge.
  • Botton, A.d. (2020). Statü endişesi. İstanbul: Sel Yayınları.
  • Canavan, B. (2021). Post-postmodern consumer authenticity, shantay you stay or sashay away? a netnography of rupaul’s drag race fans. Marketing Theory, 21(2), 251-276.
  • Christensen, C.M., Cook, S. & Hall, T. (2013). Yanlış pazarlama uygulaması. Pazarlamayı Yeniden Keşfetmek (pp. 85-112). Harvard Business Review, İstanbul: MESS Yayınları.
  • Danermark, B., Ekström, M. & Karlsson, J.C. (2002). Explaining society: an introduction to critical realism in the social sciences. critical realism: interventions. London: Routledge.
  • De Vries, J. (1994). The industrial revolution and the industrious revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 54(2), 249-270.
  • Deaton, A. & Muellbauer, J. (1986). Economics and consumer behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Desmond, J. (2003). Consumer behaviour. London: Palgrave.
  • Devers, C.E., Nisangyi, V.F. & Gamache, D.L. (2014). Editor’s comments: on the future of publishing management theory. Academy of Management Review, 36(3), 245-249.
  • Elliot, R. (1999). Symbolic meaning and postmodern consumer culture. D. Brownlie, M. Saren, R. Wensley & R. Whittington (Eds.), Rethinking marketing towards critical marketing accountings (pp. 112-125). London: Sage Publications.
  • Featherstone, M. (1987). Lifestyle and consumer culture. Theory, Culture & Society, 4: 55-70.
  • Featherstone, M. (2007). Consumer culture and postmodernism (2nd Ed). London: Sage Publications.
  • Firat, A. F. & Venkatesh, A. (1993). Postmodemity: the age of marketing. Intenational Journal of Research in Marketing, 10, 227-249.
  • Firat, A.F., Dholakia, N. & Venkatesh, A. (1995). Marketing in postmodern world. European Journal of Marketing, 29, 40-56.
  • Fleetwood, S. (2005). Ontology in organization and management studies: a critical realist perspective. Organization, 12(2), 197-222.
  • Fraser, I. (2008). Hegel ve Marx: ihtiyaç kavramı. Ankara: Dost Yayınları.
  • Gabbott, M. (2008). Consumer behaviour. In M.J. Baker & S.J. Hart (Eds.), The marketing book (pp. 109-120). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Gilboy, E. W. (2017). Demand as a factor in the industrial revolution. In R.M. Hartwell (Ed.), The causes of the industrial revolution in England (pp. 121-138). New York: Routledge.
  • Glennie, P.D. & Thrift, N.J. (1992). Modernity, urbanism, and modern consumption. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 10(4), 423-443.
  • Glickman, L.B. (2012). Consumer activism, consumer regimes, and the consumer movement: rethinking the history of consumer politics in the United States. In F. Trentmann (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the history of consumption (pp. 399-447). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Grubb, E.L. & Grathwohl, H.L. (1967). Consumer self-concept, symbolism, and market behavior: a theoretical approach. Journal of Marketing, 31(4): 22-27.
  • Hackley, C. E. & Kitchen, P.J. (1999). Ethical perspectives on the postmodern communications leviathan. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 15-26.
  • Hakansson, H., Harrison, D. & Waluszewski, A. (2004). Rethinking marketing: developing a new understanding of markets. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hamouda M. (2015) The postmodern consumer: an identity constructor?. In L. Robinson (Ed.), Marketing dynamism & sustainability: things change, things stay the same…. developments in marketing science: proceedings of the academy of marketing science (pp. 612-620). New Orleans: Springer Cham.
  • Hebdige, D. (1986). Postmodernism and ‘the other side. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 10(2), 78-98.
  • Hirschman, E. C. & Holbrook, M. B. (1992). Postmodern consumer research. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
  • Imber, J. (2000). Dictionary of marketing terms (3rd Ed). New York: Barron’s.
  • Karabıyık, H.Ç. (2020). Pazarlamaya psikolojik bir yaklaşım: merchandising uygulamalarını çıpalama teorisi bağlamında inceleyen deneysel bir araştırma. Doctoral Thesis, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Konya.
  • Khan, M. (2006). Consumer behaviour and advertising management. New Delhi: New Age International.
  • Khan, M.R. (2021). Relationship between cultural anthropology and cultural contexts of consumer behavior: a conceptual model. International Journal of Art and Humanities, 1(1), 1-7.
  • Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J. & Wong, V. (1999). Principles of marketing (2nd European Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Europe.
  • Kvale, S. (2003). The church, the factory and the market: scenarios for psychology in a postmodern age. Theory & Psychology, 13(5): 579-603.
  • Lash, S. (1990). Sociology of postmodernism. New York: Routledge.
  • Lewin, K. (1952). Field theory in social science: selected theoretical papers by Kurt Lewin. London: Tavistock.
  • McCracken, G. (1987). The history of consumption: a literature review and consumer guide. Journal of Consumer Policy, 10, 139-166.
  • Meltzer, A.H. (1976). Monetary and other explanations of the start of the great depression. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2(4), 455-471.
  • Miller, D. (1987). Material culture and mass consumption. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Mokyr, J. (1988). Is there still life in the pessimist case? Consumption during the Industrial revolution, 1790-1850. The Journal of Economic History, 48(1), 69-92.
  • Mokyr, J. & Ó Gráda, C. (1988) ‘Poor and getting poorer? Irish living standards before the Famine’. Economic History Review, 41, 209–235.
  • Morais, R.J. (2022). Toward a pedagogy for consumer anthropology: method, theory, marketing. Teaching Antropology, 11(2), 37-47.
  • Morgan, R.E. (1996). Conceptual foundations of marketing and marketing theory. Management Decision, 34(10): 19-26.
  • Mucuk, İ. (2017). Pazarlama ilkeleri (21th ed). İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (2004). Postmodern pazarlama, İstanbul: MediaCat.
  • Outka, E. (2009). Consuming traditions: modernity, modernism, and the commodified authentic. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Parker, M. (1992). Post-modern organizations or postmodern organization theory?. Organization Studies, 13(1), 1-17.
  • Polanyi, K. (2017). Büyük dönüşüm: çağımızın siyasal ve ekonomik kökenleri. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Pollard, S. (1958). Investment, consumption and the industrial revolution. The Economic History Review, 11(2), 215-226.
  • Ransome, P. (2005). Work, consumption and culture: affluence and social change in the twenty-first century. London: Sage Publications.
  • Rosenau, P.M. (1992). Post-modernism and the social sciences. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Sherry Jr., J.F. (1987). Marketing and consumer behavior: windows of opportunity for anthropology. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 16(1&2), 60-95.
  • Shields, R. (1992). The individual, consumption cultures and the fate of community. In R. Shields (Ed.), Lifestyle shopping: the subject of consumption (pp. 99-114). London: Routledge.
  • Shiv, B., Carmon, Z. & Ariely, D. (2005). Placebo effects of marketing actions: consumers may get what they pay for. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(4), 383-393.
  • Skandalis, A., Byrom, J. & Banister, E. (2019). Experiential marketing and the changing nature of extraordinary experiences in post-modern consumer culture. Journal of Business Research, 97, 43-50.
  • Sutherland, S. (2013). Irrationality: The enemy within. London: Printer&Martin Ltd.
  • Szmigin, I. (2003). Understanding the consumer. London: Sage Publications.
  • Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1(1), 39-60.
  • Therborn, G. (2003). Entangled modernities. European Journal of Social Theory, 6(3), 293–305.
  • Thomas, M.J. (1997). Consumer market research: does it have validity? Some modern thoughts. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 15(2), 54-59.
  • Thompson, C. I. (2002). A re-inquiry on re-inquiries: a postmodem proposal for a critical-reflexive approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 29, 142-145.
  • Trudel, R. (2019). Sustainable consumer behavior. Consumer Psychology Review, 2(1), 85-96.
  • Tudor, A. (2013). Beyond empricism: philosophy of science in sociology. London: Routledge.
  • Twenge, J.M. (2006). Generation me. New York: Free Press.
  • Van Raaij, W.F. (1993). Postmodern consumption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 14, 541-563.
  • Vanhaute, E., Paping, R. & Cormac, O.G. (2006). The european subsistence crisis of 1845-1850: A comparative perspective, ucd centre for economic research working paper.
  • Veblen, T. (1994). The theory of the leisure class: an economic study in the evolution of institutions. New York: Dover.
  • Vlasova, T., Pshinko, O. & Vlasova, O. (2021). Postmodern conflictology: Issues of theory and approaches to methodology. Грані, 24(2), 31-40.
  • Wanke, M. (2009). Social psychology of consumer behavior. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Williams, R. (1989) When was modernism?. New Left Review, 175(1): 48–53.
  • Wright, S.A., Hernandez, J.M.d.C. Sundar, A., Dinsmore, J. & Kardes, F.R. (2013). If it tastes bad it must be good: consumer naive theories and the marketing placebo effect. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(2), 197-198.

Modern ve Postmodern Tüketici Davranışları Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Teorik Tartışma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 229 - 242, 01.07.2022

Öz

Post-modern dönemin en önemli etkenlerinden biri olan post-modern tüketimi doğru anlamak için onu modern tüketim ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemek gerekmektedir. Çünkü Modernizme bir tepki olarak doğan Postmodernizmi anlamanın yöntemi onu Modernizmle karşılaştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada modern tüketim anlayışı post-modern tüketim anlayışıyla karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Her ne kadar post-modern tüketim literatürde sıklıkla çalışılsa da modern tüketim yeterince çalışılmamıştır. Post-modern tüketimin modern tüketimle karşılaştırılarak doğru bir şekilde anlaşılabileceği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bu çalışmanın önemi de ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sonuç olarak modern tüketim fonksiyonel tüketim, toplumculuk, sürdürülebilir ekonomi, rasyonalite ve arz çekişli ekonomi alt boyutlarına ayrılmıştır. Bu boyutların post-modern tüketimdeki karşılıkları ise sembolik tüketim, haz arayıcılığı, meta uyumu, deneyimcilik, iletişimcilik, aktivizm, bireyci tüketim, asosyal bireycilik, farklılıkların kabulü, kimlik yaratıcılığı, merkezsiz özne, zıtlıkların paradoksal yakınlığı, sürdürülebilir tüketim, üretimin yerini alan tüketim, açgözlülük, hiper-gerçeklik, alışveriş odaklılık, anlık satın alma ve talep çekişli ekonomi olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde bu tespitler sınıflandırılmış ve karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ackerman, F. (1997), Consumed in theory: alternative perspectives on the economics of consumption. Journal of Economic Issues, 31(3), 651-664.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). The consumer society: myths and structures. London: Sage.
  • Bauer, P.T. (1954). The economics of marketing reform. Journal of Political Economy, 62(3), 210-235.
  • Bauman, Z. (1988). Sociology and postmodernity. The Sociological Review, 36(4), 790-813.
  • Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Bertens, H. (1995). The idea of the postmodern. London: Routledge.
  • Botton, A.d. (2020). Statü endişesi. İstanbul: Sel Yayınları.
  • Canavan, B. (2021). Post-postmodern consumer authenticity, shantay you stay or sashay away? a netnography of rupaul’s drag race fans. Marketing Theory, 21(2), 251-276.
  • Christensen, C.M., Cook, S. & Hall, T. (2013). Yanlış pazarlama uygulaması. Pazarlamayı Yeniden Keşfetmek (pp. 85-112). Harvard Business Review, İstanbul: MESS Yayınları.
  • Danermark, B., Ekström, M. & Karlsson, J.C. (2002). Explaining society: an introduction to critical realism in the social sciences. critical realism: interventions. London: Routledge.
  • De Vries, J. (1994). The industrial revolution and the industrious revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 54(2), 249-270.
  • Deaton, A. & Muellbauer, J. (1986). Economics and consumer behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Desmond, J. (2003). Consumer behaviour. London: Palgrave.
  • Devers, C.E., Nisangyi, V.F. & Gamache, D.L. (2014). Editor’s comments: on the future of publishing management theory. Academy of Management Review, 36(3), 245-249.
  • Elliot, R. (1999). Symbolic meaning and postmodern consumer culture. D. Brownlie, M. Saren, R. Wensley & R. Whittington (Eds.), Rethinking marketing towards critical marketing accountings (pp. 112-125). London: Sage Publications.
  • Featherstone, M. (1987). Lifestyle and consumer culture. Theory, Culture & Society, 4: 55-70.
  • Featherstone, M. (2007). Consumer culture and postmodernism (2nd Ed). London: Sage Publications.
  • Firat, A. F. & Venkatesh, A. (1993). Postmodemity: the age of marketing. Intenational Journal of Research in Marketing, 10, 227-249.
  • Firat, A.F., Dholakia, N. & Venkatesh, A. (1995). Marketing in postmodern world. European Journal of Marketing, 29, 40-56.
  • Fleetwood, S. (2005). Ontology in organization and management studies: a critical realist perspective. Organization, 12(2), 197-222.
  • Fraser, I. (2008). Hegel ve Marx: ihtiyaç kavramı. Ankara: Dost Yayınları.
  • Gabbott, M. (2008). Consumer behaviour. In M.J. Baker & S.J. Hart (Eds.), The marketing book (pp. 109-120). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Gilboy, E. W. (2017). Demand as a factor in the industrial revolution. In R.M. Hartwell (Ed.), The causes of the industrial revolution in England (pp. 121-138). New York: Routledge.
  • Glennie, P.D. & Thrift, N.J. (1992). Modernity, urbanism, and modern consumption. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 10(4), 423-443.
  • Glickman, L.B. (2012). Consumer activism, consumer regimes, and the consumer movement: rethinking the history of consumer politics in the United States. In F. Trentmann (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the history of consumption (pp. 399-447). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Grubb, E.L. & Grathwohl, H.L. (1967). Consumer self-concept, symbolism, and market behavior: a theoretical approach. Journal of Marketing, 31(4): 22-27.
  • Hackley, C. E. & Kitchen, P.J. (1999). Ethical perspectives on the postmodern communications leviathan. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 15-26.
  • Hakansson, H., Harrison, D. & Waluszewski, A. (2004). Rethinking marketing: developing a new understanding of markets. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hamouda M. (2015) The postmodern consumer: an identity constructor?. In L. Robinson (Ed.), Marketing dynamism & sustainability: things change, things stay the same…. developments in marketing science: proceedings of the academy of marketing science (pp. 612-620). New Orleans: Springer Cham.
  • Hebdige, D. (1986). Postmodernism and ‘the other side. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 10(2), 78-98.
  • Hirschman, E. C. & Holbrook, M. B. (1992). Postmodern consumer research. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
  • Imber, J. (2000). Dictionary of marketing terms (3rd Ed). New York: Barron’s.
  • Karabıyık, H.Ç. (2020). Pazarlamaya psikolojik bir yaklaşım: merchandising uygulamalarını çıpalama teorisi bağlamında inceleyen deneysel bir araştırma. Doctoral Thesis, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Konya.
  • Khan, M. (2006). Consumer behaviour and advertising management. New Delhi: New Age International.
  • Khan, M.R. (2021). Relationship between cultural anthropology and cultural contexts of consumer behavior: a conceptual model. International Journal of Art and Humanities, 1(1), 1-7.
  • Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J. & Wong, V. (1999). Principles of marketing (2nd European Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Europe.
  • Kvale, S. (2003). The church, the factory and the market: scenarios for psychology in a postmodern age. Theory & Psychology, 13(5): 579-603.
  • Lash, S. (1990). Sociology of postmodernism. New York: Routledge.
  • Lewin, K. (1952). Field theory in social science: selected theoretical papers by Kurt Lewin. London: Tavistock.
  • McCracken, G. (1987). The history of consumption: a literature review and consumer guide. Journal of Consumer Policy, 10, 139-166.
  • Meltzer, A.H. (1976). Monetary and other explanations of the start of the great depression. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2(4), 455-471.
  • Miller, D. (1987). Material culture and mass consumption. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Mokyr, J. (1988). Is there still life in the pessimist case? Consumption during the Industrial revolution, 1790-1850. The Journal of Economic History, 48(1), 69-92.
  • Mokyr, J. & Ó Gráda, C. (1988) ‘Poor and getting poorer? Irish living standards before the Famine’. Economic History Review, 41, 209–235.
  • Morais, R.J. (2022). Toward a pedagogy for consumer anthropology: method, theory, marketing. Teaching Antropology, 11(2), 37-47.
  • Morgan, R.E. (1996). Conceptual foundations of marketing and marketing theory. Management Decision, 34(10): 19-26.
  • Mucuk, İ. (2017). Pazarlama ilkeleri (21th ed). İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (2004). Postmodern pazarlama, İstanbul: MediaCat.
  • Outka, E. (2009). Consuming traditions: modernity, modernism, and the commodified authentic. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Parker, M. (1992). Post-modern organizations or postmodern organization theory?. Organization Studies, 13(1), 1-17.
  • Polanyi, K. (2017). Büyük dönüşüm: çağımızın siyasal ve ekonomik kökenleri. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Pollard, S. (1958). Investment, consumption and the industrial revolution. The Economic History Review, 11(2), 215-226.
  • Ransome, P. (2005). Work, consumption and culture: affluence and social change in the twenty-first century. London: Sage Publications.
  • Rosenau, P.M. (1992). Post-modernism and the social sciences. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Sherry Jr., J.F. (1987). Marketing and consumer behavior: windows of opportunity for anthropology. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 16(1&2), 60-95.
  • Shields, R. (1992). The individual, consumption cultures and the fate of community. In R. Shields (Ed.), Lifestyle shopping: the subject of consumption (pp. 99-114). London: Routledge.
  • Shiv, B., Carmon, Z. & Ariely, D. (2005). Placebo effects of marketing actions: consumers may get what they pay for. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(4), 383-393.
  • Skandalis, A., Byrom, J. & Banister, E. (2019). Experiential marketing and the changing nature of extraordinary experiences in post-modern consumer culture. Journal of Business Research, 97, 43-50.
  • Sutherland, S. (2013). Irrationality: The enemy within. London: Printer&Martin Ltd.
  • Szmigin, I. (2003). Understanding the consumer. London: Sage Publications.
  • Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1(1), 39-60.
  • Therborn, G. (2003). Entangled modernities. European Journal of Social Theory, 6(3), 293–305.
  • Thomas, M.J. (1997). Consumer market research: does it have validity? Some modern thoughts. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 15(2), 54-59.
  • Thompson, C. I. (2002). A re-inquiry on re-inquiries: a postmodem proposal for a critical-reflexive approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 29, 142-145.
  • Trudel, R. (2019). Sustainable consumer behavior. Consumer Psychology Review, 2(1), 85-96.
  • Tudor, A. (2013). Beyond empricism: philosophy of science in sociology. London: Routledge.
  • Twenge, J.M. (2006). Generation me. New York: Free Press.
  • Van Raaij, W.F. (1993). Postmodern consumption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 14, 541-563.
  • Vanhaute, E., Paping, R. & Cormac, O.G. (2006). The european subsistence crisis of 1845-1850: A comparative perspective, ucd centre for economic research working paper.
  • Veblen, T. (1994). The theory of the leisure class: an economic study in the evolution of institutions. New York: Dover.
  • Vlasova, T., Pshinko, O. & Vlasova, O. (2021). Postmodern conflictology: Issues of theory and approaches to methodology. Грані, 24(2), 31-40.
  • Wanke, M. (2009). Social psychology of consumer behavior. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Williams, R. (1989) When was modernism?. New Left Review, 175(1): 48–53.
  • Wright, S.A., Hernandez, J.M.d.C. Sundar, A., Dinsmore, J. & Kardes, F.R. (2013). If it tastes bad it must be good: consumer naive theories and the marketing placebo effect. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(2), 197-198.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Çağatay Karabıyık 0000-0002-1898-5907

Mahmut Nevfel Elgün 0000-0002-8380-886X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karabıyık, H. Ç., & Elgün, M. N. (2022). A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors. Optimum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 229-242.
AMA Karabıyık HÇ, Elgün MN. A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors. OEYBD. Temmuz 2022;9(2):229-242.
Chicago Karabıyık, Hüseyin Çağatay, ve Mahmut Nevfel Elgün. “A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors”. Optimum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2022): 229-42.
EndNote Karabıyık HÇ, Elgün MN (01 Temmuz 2022) A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi 9 2 229–242.
IEEE H. Ç. Karabıyık ve M. N. Elgün, “A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors”, OEYBD, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 229–242, 2022.
ISNAD Karabıyık, Hüseyin Çağatay - Elgün, Mahmut Nevfel. “A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors”. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi 9/2 (Temmuz 2022), 229-242.
JAMA Karabıyık HÇ, Elgün MN. A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors. OEYBD. 2022;9:229–242.
MLA Karabıyık, Hüseyin Çağatay ve Mahmut Nevfel Elgün. “A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors”. Optimum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 229-42.
Vancouver Karabıyık HÇ, Elgün MN. A Comparative Theoretical Discussion on the Modern and Postmodern Consumer Behaviors. OEYBD. 2022;9(2):229-42.

Google Scholar istatistiklerimiz için tıklayınız.