Araştırma Makalesi
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SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 56, 357 - 375, 22.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1117138

Öz

Sample size determination has been a controversial issue for many applied researches, such that incorrect determination of how large a sample should be may lead to erroneous inferences in the study. For this reason, in this paper it has been aimed to highlight the general criteria and formulations for detecting the required minimum sample size especially in probability sampling methods -which can be summarized as simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling- and various research designs. Besides, the place of statistical power and effect size on sample size determination and the sample size computations for regression analysis based on the study by Cohen (1988) have also been mentioned.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • Abebe, H. T. (2022). “Determination of Sample Size and Errors”, Promoting Statistical Practice and Collaboration in Developing Countries, (Ed: O. O. Awe, K. Love and E. A. Vance), Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Adams, J., Khan, H. T., Raeside, R. and White, D. I. (2007). Research Methods for Graduate Business and Social Science Students, Response Books (SAGE publications), New Delhi.
  • Altman, D. G. and Bland, J. M. (2014). “Uncertainty and Sampling Error”, BMJ, 349.
  • Bolarinwa, O. A. (2020). “Sample Size Estimation for Health and Social Science Researchers: The Principles and Considerations for Different Study Designs”, Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 27/2, 67.
  • Bolfarine, H. and Bussab, W.O. (2005). Elementos de Amostragem, Edgard Blücher, São Paulo.
  • Bonett, D. G. and Wright, T. A. (2000). “Sample Size Requirements for Estimating Pearson, Kendall and Spearman Correlations”, Psychometrika, 65/1, 23-28.
  • Chasalow, K. and Levy, K. (2021, March). “Representativeness in Statistics, Politics, and Machine Learning”, Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 77-89.
  • Chiu, S. and Tavella, D. (2008). Data Mining and Market Intelligence for Optimal Marketing Returns, Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Cohen, J. (1962). “The Statistical Power of Abnormal-Social Psychological Research: A Review”, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65(3), 145-153.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ.
  • Cohen, J. (1992). “A Power Primer”, Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159.
  • Cohen, B. H. (2001). Explaining Psychological Statistics, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cook, T. D. and Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
  • Dattalo, P. (2008). Determining Sample Size: Balancing Power, Precision, and Practicality, Oxford University Press.
  • Dattalo, P. (2009). “A Review of Software for Sample Size Determination”, Evaluation & the Health Professions, 32(3), 229-248.
  • Erdfelder, E., Faul, F. and Buchner, A. (1996). “GPOWER: A General Power Analysis Program”, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1-11.
  • Erdfelder, E., Faul, F. and Buchner, A. (2005). “Power Analysis for Categorical Methods”, Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science, (Eds: B. S. Everitt and D. C. Howell), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
  • Farmer, A. Y. and Farmer, G. L. (2020). Research Methods for Social Work: A Problem-Based Approach, SAGE Publications.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. and Buchner, A. (2007). “G*Power 3: A Flexible Statistical Power Analysis Program for the Social, Behavioral, and Biomedical Sciences”, Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A. and Lang, A. G. (2009). “Statistical Power Analyses Using G*Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses”, Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160.
  • Favero, L. and Belfiore, P. (2019). Data science for Business and Decision Making, Academic Press.
  • Findley, M. G., Kikuta, K. and Denly, M. (2021). “External Validity”, Annual Review of Political Science, 24, 365-393.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers, Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, UK.
  • Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B. and Paik, M. C. (2004). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 3rd Edition, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ.
  • Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Greenstein, T. N. and Davis, S. N. (2013). Methods of Family Research, 3rd Edition, Sage Publications.
  • Hazra, A. and Gogtay, N. (2016). “Biostatistics Series Module 5: Determining Sample Size”, Indian journal of Dermatology, 61(5), 496.
  • Hedrih, V. and Hedrih, A. (2022). Interpreting Statistics for Beginners: A Guide for Behavioural and Social Scientists, Routledge, New York.
  • Hickey, G. L., Grant, S. W., Dunning, J. And Siepe, M. (2018). “Statistical Primer: Sample Size and Power Calculations—Why, When and How?”, European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 54(1), 4-9.
  • Hirji, K. F. (2006). Exact Analysis of Discrete Data, Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Hsieh, F. Y., Bloch, D. A. and Larsen, M. D. (1998). “A Simple Method of Sample Size Calculation for Linear and Logistic Regression”, Statistics in Medicine, 17(14), 1623-1634.
  • Johnson, G. (2002). Research Methods for Public Administrators, Quorum Books, Westport CT.
  • Kang, H. (2021). “Sample Size Determination and Power Analysis Using the G*Power Software”, Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18.
  • Koricheva, J., Gurevitch, J. and Mengersen, K. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of Meta-Analysis in Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University Press.
  • Krejcie, R. V. And Morgan, D. W. (1970). “Determining Sample Size for Research Activities”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Loue, S. (2002). Gender, Ethnicity, and Health Research, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York.
  • Medhi, J. (1992). Statistical Methods: An Introductory Text, New Age International Limited Publishers, New Delhi, India.
  • Miaoulis, G. and Michener, R. D. (1976). An Introduction to Sampling, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa.
  • Moule, P. (2020). Making Sense of Research in Nursing, Health and Social Care, Sage.
  • Neyman, J. and Pearson, E. S. (1928). “On the Use and Interpretation of Certain Test Criteria for Purposes of Statistical Inference: Part I”, Biometrika, 175-240.
  • Paternoster, R. and Bachman, R. D. (2017). Essentials of Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice, Sage Publications.
  • Polit, D. F. and Beck, C. T. (2010). “Generalization in Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Myths and Strategies”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451-1458.
  • Riggio, R. (2016). Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Sixth Edition, Routledge, New York.
  • Rothman, K. J. (1986). Modern Epidemiology, Little, Brown and Company, Boston.
  • Serdar, C. C., Cihan, M., Yücel, D. and Serdar, M. A. (2021). “Sample Size, Power and Effect Size Revisited: Simplified and Practical Approaches in Pre-Clinical, Clinical and Laboratory Studies”, Biochemia Medica, 31(1), 27-53.
  • Small-Sample Techniques (1960). The NEA Research Bulletin, Vol. 38, p. 99.
  • Suresh, K. P. and Chandrashekara, S. (2012). “Sample Size Estimation and Power Analysis for Clinical Research Studies”, Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 5(1), 7-13.
  • Suter, W. N. (2012). Introduction to Educational Research: A Critical Thinking Approach, Second Edition, SAGE Publications.
  • Tienken, C. H. and Mullen, C. A. (Eds.). (2016). Education Policy Perils: Tackling the Tough Issues, Routledge & Kappa Delta Pi, New York.
  • Verma, J. P. (2019). Statistics and Research Methods in Psychology with Excel, Springer Singapore.
  • Verma, J. P. and Verma, P. (2020). Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies, Springer Singapore.

ÖRNEKLEME YÖNTEMLERİ VE UYGUN ÖRNEKLEM BÜYÜKLÜĞÜNÜN BELİRLENMESİ: ÖZLÜ BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 56, 357 - 375, 22.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1117138

Öz

Örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi çoğu uygulamalı araştırma için tartışmalı bir konu olmuştur, öyle ki bir örneklemin ne kadar büyük olması gerektiğinin yanlış belirlenmesi çalışmada hatalı çıkarımlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada özellikle basit tesadüfi örnekleme, sistematik örnekleme, tabakalı örnekleme ve küme örneklemesi olarak özetlenebilecek olasılıklı örnekleme yöntemlerinde ve çeşitli araştırma tasarımlarında gerekli minimum örneklem büyüklüğünün saptanmasına yönelik ölçütlerin ve formülasyonların öne çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca istatistiksel güç ve etki büyüklüğünün örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesindeki yerine ve Cohen'in (1988) çalışmasına dayanarak regresyon analizi için örneklem büyüklüğü hesaplamalarına da değinilmiştir.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Abebe, H. T. (2022). “Determination of Sample Size and Errors”, Promoting Statistical Practice and Collaboration in Developing Countries, (Ed: O. O. Awe, K. Love and E. A. Vance), Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Adams, J., Khan, H. T., Raeside, R. and White, D. I. (2007). Research Methods for Graduate Business and Social Science Students, Response Books (SAGE publications), New Delhi.
  • Altman, D. G. and Bland, J. M. (2014). “Uncertainty and Sampling Error”, BMJ, 349.
  • Bolarinwa, O. A. (2020). “Sample Size Estimation for Health and Social Science Researchers: The Principles and Considerations for Different Study Designs”, Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 27/2, 67.
  • Bolfarine, H. and Bussab, W.O. (2005). Elementos de Amostragem, Edgard Blücher, São Paulo.
  • Bonett, D. G. and Wright, T. A. (2000). “Sample Size Requirements for Estimating Pearson, Kendall and Spearman Correlations”, Psychometrika, 65/1, 23-28.
  • Chasalow, K. and Levy, K. (2021, March). “Representativeness in Statistics, Politics, and Machine Learning”, Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 77-89.
  • Chiu, S. and Tavella, D. (2008). Data Mining and Market Intelligence for Optimal Marketing Returns, Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Cohen, J. (1962). “The Statistical Power of Abnormal-Social Psychological Research: A Review”, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65(3), 145-153.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ.
  • Cohen, J. (1992). “A Power Primer”, Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159.
  • Cohen, B. H. (2001). Explaining Psychological Statistics, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cook, T. D. and Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
  • Dattalo, P. (2008). Determining Sample Size: Balancing Power, Precision, and Practicality, Oxford University Press.
  • Dattalo, P. (2009). “A Review of Software for Sample Size Determination”, Evaluation & the Health Professions, 32(3), 229-248.
  • Erdfelder, E., Faul, F. and Buchner, A. (1996). “GPOWER: A General Power Analysis Program”, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1-11.
  • Erdfelder, E., Faul, F. and Buchner, A. (2005). “Power Analysis for Categorical Methods”, Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science, (Eds: B. S. Everitt and D. C. Howell), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
  • Farmer, A. Y. and Farmer, G. L. (2020). Research Methods for Social Work: A Problem-Based Approach, SAGE Publications.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. and Buchner, A. (2007). “G*Power 3: A Flexible Statistical Power Analysis Program for the Social, Behavioral, and Biomedical Sciences”, Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A. and Lang, A. G. (2009). “Statistical Power Analyses Using G*Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses”, Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160.
  • Favero, L. and Belfiore, P. (2019). Data science for Business and Decision Making, Academic Press.
  • Findley, M. G., Kikuta, K. and Denly, M. (2021). “External Validity”, Annual Review of Political Science, 24, 365-393.
  • Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers, Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, UK.
  • Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B. and Paik, M. C. (2004). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 3rd Edition, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ.
  • Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Greenstein, T. N. and Davis, S. N. (2013). Methods of Family Research, 3rd Edition, Sage Publications.
  • Hazra, A. and Gogtay, N. (2016). “Biostatistics Series Module 5: Determining Sample Size”, Indian journal of Dermatology, 61(5), 496.
  • Hedrih, V. and Hedrih, A. (2022). Interpreting Statistics for Beginners: A Guide for Behavioural and Social Scientists, Routledge, New York.
  • Hickey, G. L., Grant, S. W., Dunning, J. And Siepe, M. (2018). “Statistical Primer: Sample Size and Power Calculations—Why, When and How?”, European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 54(1), 4-9.
  • Hirji, K. F. (2006). Exact Analysis of Discrete Data, Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Hsieh, F. Y., Bloch, D. A. and Larsen, M. D. (1998). “A Simple Method of Sample Size Calculation for Linear and Logistic Regression”, Statistics in Medicine, 17(14), 1623-1634.
  • Johnson, G. (2002). Research Methods for Public Administrators, Quorum Books, Westport CT.
  • Kang, H. (2021). “Sample Size Determination and Power Analysis Using the G*Power Software”, Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18.
  • Koricheva, J., Gurevitch, J. and Mengersen, K. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of Meta-Analysis in Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University Press.
  • Krejcie, R. V. And Morgan, D. W. (1970). “Determining Sample Size for Research Activities”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Loue, S. (2002). Gender, Ethnicity, and Health Research, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York.
  • Medhi, J. (1992). Statistical Methods: An Introductory Text, New Age International Limited Publishers, New Delhi, India.
  • Miaoulis, G. and Michener, R. D. (1976). An Introduction to Sampling, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa.
  • Moule, P. (2020). Making Sense of Research in Nursing, Health and Social Care, Sage.
  • Neyman, J. and Pearson, E. S. (1928). “On the Use and Interpretation of Certain Test Criteria for Purposes of Statistical Inference: Part I”, Biometrika, 175-240.
  • Paternoster, R. and Bachman, R. D. (2017). Essentials of Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice, Sage Publications.
  • Polit, D. F. and Beck, C. T. (2010). “Generalization in Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Myths and Strategies”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451-1458.
  • Riggio, R. (2016). Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Sixth Edition, Routledge, New York.
  • Rothman, K. J. (1986). Modern Epidemiology, Little, Brown and Company, Boston.
  • Serdar, C. C., Cihan, M., Yücel, D. and Serdar, M. A. (2021). “Sample Size, Power and Effect Size Revisited: Simplified and Practical Approaches in Pre-Clinical, Clinical and Laboratory Studies”, Biochemia Medica, 31(1), 27-53.
  • Small-Sample Techniques (1960). The NEA Research Bulletin, Vol. 38, p. 99.
  • Suresh, K. P. and Chandrashekara, S. (2012). “Sample Size Estimation and Power Analysis for Clinical Research Studies”, Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 5(1), 7-13.
  • Suter, W. N. (2012). Introduction to Educational Research: A Critical Thinking Approach, Second Edition, SAGE Publications.
  • Tienken, C. H. and Mullen, C. A. (Eds.). (2016). Education Policy Perils: Tackling the Tough Issues, Routledge & Kappa Delta Pi, New York.
  • Verma, J. P. (2019). Statistics and Research Methods in Psychology with Excel, Springer Singapore.
  • Verma, J. P. and Verma, P. (2020). Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies, Springer Singapore.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sera Şanlı 0000-0002-4827-1032

Proje Numarası -
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 10 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 56

Kaynak Göster

APA Şanlı, S. (2023). SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(56), 357-375. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1117138
AMA Şanlı S. SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW. PAUSBED. Mayıs 2023;(56):357-375. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1117138
Chicago Şanlı, Sera. “SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 56 (Mayıs 2023): 357-75. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1117138.
EndNote Şanlı S (01 Mayıs 2023) SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 56 357–375.
IEEE S. Şanlı, “SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW”, PAUSBED, sy. 56, ss. 357–375, Mayıs 2023, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1117138.
ISNAD Şanlı, Sera. “SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 56 (Mayıs 2023), 357-375. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1117138.
JAMA Şanlı S. SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW. PAUSBED. 2023;:357–375.
MLA Şanlı, Sera. “SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 56, 2023, ss. 357-75, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1117138.
Vancouver Şanlı S. SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION: A CONCISE OVERVIEW. PAUSBED. 2023(56):357-75.

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