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Akıllı Şehir ve Akıllı Turizm İçin Blockchain Teknolojisinin Kullanımı

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 3, 67 - 83, 22.06.2023

Öz

Blockchain teknolojisinin turizm sektöründe yaygınlaşması ile hem destinasyonlar ve turizm işletmeleri hem de turistler için maliyet ve zaman tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Akıllı sözleşmeler ve merkezi olmayan uygulama (DApps) araçları, halen gelişim aşamasında olmasına rağmen, turizm sektöründe gösterdikleri faaliyetlerle hâlihazırda önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada akıllı şehirler ve akıllı turizm bağlamında blockchain teknolojisinin temel özelliklerine değinilmesi ve teknolojinin gelecekte turizm sektörünü nasıl geliştireceğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla blockchain veri tabanlarında turizm, akıllı turizm ve akıllı şehir ile ilgili uygulama alanları incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak akıllı turizm ve akıllı şehir uygulama alanlarında blockchain teknolojisinin kullanımının giderek yaygınlaştığını ve gelişime açık olan bu teknolojinin farklı sektörlerle birleşerek kullanımının güçlenebileceğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abduljabbar, T. A., Tao, X., Zhang, J., Zhou, X., Li, L., and Cai, Y. (2021). A survey of privacy solutions using blockchain for recommender systems: Current status, classification and open issues. The Computer Journal, 64(7), 1104-1129.
  • Adams, R., Parry, G., Godsiff, P., and Ward, P. (2017). The future of money and further applications of the blockchain. Strategic Change, 26(5), 417-422.
  • Antoniadis, I., Spinthiropoulos, K., and Kontsas, S. (2020). Blockchain applications in tourism and tourism marketing: A short review. Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism: 8th ICSIMAT, Northern Aegean, Greece, 2019, 375–384.
  • Anwar, S., Anayat, S., Butt, S., Butt, S., and Saad, M. (2020). Generation analysis of blockchain technology: Bitcoin and Ethereum. International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business (IJIEEB), 12(4), 30-39.
  • Balasubramanian, S., Sethi, J. S., Ajayan, S., and Paris, C. M. (2022). An enabling framework for blockchain in tourism. Information Technology and Tourism, 24(2), 165-179.
  • Bao, J., He, D., Luo, M., and Choo, K. K. R. (2020). A survey of blockchain applications in the energy sector. IEEE Systems Journal, 15(3), 3370-3381.
  • Baralla, G., Pinna, A., Tonelli, R., Marchesi, M., and Ibba, S. (2021). Ensuring transparency and traceability of food local products: A blockchain application to a Smart Tourism Region. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 33(1), e5857.
  • Barkel, C., Kurgun, H., and Groen, B. (2021). Blockchain in the hospitality and tourism industry. University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing, 17(9), 4.
  • Bennacer, S. A., Aaroud, A., Sabiri, K., Rguibi, M. A., and Cherradi, B. (2022). Design and implementation of a New Blockchain-based digital health passport: A Moroccan case study. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 35, 101125.
  • Bhaskar, K. B. R., Prasanth, A., and Saranya, P. (2022). An energy‐efficient blockchain approach for secure communication in IoT‐enabled electric vehicles. International Journal of Communication Systems, 35(11), e5189.
  • Bhubalan, K., Tamothran, A. M., Kee, S. H., Foong, S. Y., Lam, S. S., Ganeson, K., ... and Ramakrishna, S. (2022). Leveraging blockchain concepts as watermarkers of plastics for sustainable waste management in progressing circular economy. Environmental Research, 213, 113631.
  • Bhuiyan, K. H., Jahan, I., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Suyaiya, S., Tkachenko, O., and Nitsenko, V. (2022). Smart Tourism Ecosystem: A New Dimension toward Sustainable Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 14(22), 15043.
  • Bodkhe, U., Bhattacharya, P., Tanwar, S., Tyagi, S., Kumar, N., and Obaidat, M. S. (2019). BloHosT: Blockchain enabled smart tourism and hospitality management. In 2019 international conference on computer, information and telecommunication systems (CITS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Bodkhe, U., Bhattacharya, P., Tanwar, S., Tyagi, S., Kumar, N., and Obaidat, M. S. (2019). BloHosT: Blockchain enabled smart tourism and hospitality management. In 2019 international conference on computer, information and telecommunication systems (CITS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Bustamante, P., Cai, M., Gomez, M., Harris, C., Krishnamurthy, P., Law, W., ... and Weiss, M. B. (2022). Government by code? Blockchain applications to public sector governance. Blockchain Applications to Public Sector Governance (June 21, 2022). Frontiers in Blockchain, 5, 1.
  • Calandra, D., Secinaro, S., Massaro, M., Dal Mas, F., and Bagnoli, C. (2022). The link between sustainable business models and Blockchain: A multiple case study approach. Business Strategy and the Environment.
  • Chelladurai, U., and Pandian, S. (2022). A novel blockchain based electronic health record automation system for healthcare. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 1-11.
  • Chen, G., Xu, B., Lu, M., and Chen, N. S. (2018). Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 1-10.
  • Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., ... and Wattenhofer, R. (2016). On Scaling Decentralised Blockchains: (A Position Paper). In Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2016 International Workshops, BITCOIN, VOTING, and WAHC, Christ Church, Barbados, February 26, 2016, Revised Selected Papers 20 (pp. 106-125). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • De Caria, R. (2018). The legal meaning of smart contracts. European Review of Private Law, 26(6).
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  • Dimatteo, L. A., and Poncibó, C. (2018). Quandary of smart contracts and remedies: the role of contract law and self-help remedies. European Review of Private Law, 26(6).
  • Dogru, T., Mody, M., and Leonardi, C. (2018). Blockchain technology and its implications for the hospitality industry. Boston University, 1-12.
  • Dutta, P., Choi, T. M., Somani, S., and Butala, R. (2020). Blockchain technology in supply chain operations: Applications, challenges and research opportunities. Transportation research part e: Logistics and transportation review, 142, 102067.
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  • Gomber, P., Kauffman, R. J., Parker, C., and Weber, B. W. (2018). On the fintech revolution: Interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of management information systems, 35(1), 220-265.
  • Gopalan, R., and Narayan, B. (2010). Improving customer experience in tourism: A framework for stakeholder collaboration. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 44(2), 100-112.
  • Handayani, I., Supriati, R., and Aisyah, E. S. N. (2020). Proof of Blockchain Work on The Security of Academic Certificates. In 2020 8th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Hassan, A., and Avi, M. A. R. (2022). Mobile Applications and Tourism Experiences: Some Netnographic Explanations from Bangladesh. In Handbook of Technology Application in Tourism in Asia (pp. 927-951). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
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Using Blockchain Technology for Smart City and Smart Tourism

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 3, 67 - 83, 22.06.2023

Öz

With the widespread use of blockchain technology in the tourism industry, it provides cost and time savings for both businesses and tourists. Although still in development, smart contracts and decentralized application (DApps) tools are already having a significant impact on the operations of tourism operations. In this study, it is aimed to touch on the basic features of blockchain technology in the context of smart cities and smart tourism and to examine how technology will develop the tourism sector in the future. For this purpose, the application areas related to tourism, smart tourism and smart city in blockchain databases were examined. As a result, it shows that the use of blockchain technology in smart tourism and smart city application areas is becoming more widespread and the use of this technology, which is open to development, can become stronger by combining with different sectors.

Kaynakça

  • Abduljabbar, T. A., Tao, X., Zhang, J., Zhou, X., Li, L., and Cai, Y. (2021). A survey of privacy solutions using blockchain for recommender systems: Current status, classification and open issues. The Computer Journal, 64(7), 1104-1129.
  • Adams, R., Parry, G., Godsiff, P., and Ward, P. (2017). The future of money and further applications of the blockchain. Strategic Change, 26(5), 417-422.
  • Antoniadis, I., Spinthiropoulos, K., and Kontsas, S. (2020). Blockchain applications in tourism and tourism marketing: A short review. Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism: 8th ICSIMAT, Northern Aegean, Greece, 2019, 375–384.
  • Anwar, S., Anayat, S., Butt, S., Butt, S., and Saad, M. (2020). Generation analysis of blockchain technology: Bitcoin and Ethereum. International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business (IJIEEB), 12(4), 30-39.
  • Balasubramanian, S., Sethi, J. S., Ajayan, S., and Paris, C. M. (2022). An enabling framework for blockchain in tourism. Information Technology and Tourism, 24(2), 165-179.
  • Bao, J., He, D., Luo, M., and Choo, K. K. R. (2020). A survey of blockchain applications in the energy sector. IEEE Systems Journal, 15(3), 3370-3381.
  • Baralla, G., Pinna, A., Tonelli, R., Marchesi, M., and Ibba, S. (2021). Ensuring transparency and traceability of food local products: A blockchain application to a Smart Tourism Region. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 33(1), e5857.
  • Barkel, C., Kurgun, H., and Groen, B. (2021). Blockchain in the hospitality and tourism industry. University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing, 17(9), 4.
  • Bennacer, S. A., Aaroud, A., Sabiri, K., Rguibi, M. A., and Cherradi, B. (2022). Design and implementation of a New Blockchain-based digital health passport: A Moroccan case study. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 35, 101125.
  • Bhaskar, K. B. R., Prasanth, A., and Saranya, P. (2022). An energy‐efficient blockchain approach for secure communication in IoT‐enabled electric vehicles. International Journal of Communication Systems, 35(11), e5189.
  • Bhubalan, K., Tamothran, A. M., Kee, S. H., Foong, S. Y., Lam, S. S., Ganeson, K., ... and Ramakrishna, S. (2022). Leveraging blockchain concepts as watermarkers of plastics for sustainable waste management in progressing circular economy. Environmental Research, 213, 113631.
  • Bhuiyan, K. H., Jahan, I., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Suyaiya, S., Tkachenko, O., and Nitsenko, V. (2022). Smart Tourism Ecosystem: A New Dimension toward Sustainable Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 14(22), 15043.
  • Bodkhe, U., Bhattacharya, P., Tanwar, S., Tyagi, S., Kumar, N., and Obaidat, M. S. (2019). BloHosT: Blockchain enabled smart tourism and hospitality management. In 2019 international conference on computer, information and telecommunication systems (CITS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Bodkhe, U., Bhattacharya, P., Tanwar, S., Tyagi, S., Kumar, N., and Obaidat, M. S. (2019). BloHosT: Blockchain enabled smart tourism and hospitality management. In 2019 international conference on computer, information and telecommunication systems (CITS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Bustamante, P., Cai, M., Gomez, M., Harris, C., Krishnamurthy, P., Law, W., ... and Weiss, M. B. (2022). Government by code? Blockchain applications to public sector governance. Blockchain Applications to Public Sector Governance (June 21, 2022). Frontiers in Blockchain, 5, 1.
  • Calandra, D., Secinaro, S., Massaro, M., Dal Mas, F., and Bagnoli, C. (2022). The link between sustainable business models and Blockchain: A multiple case study approach. Business Strategy and the Environment.
  • Chelladurai, U., and Pandian, S. (2022). A novel blockchain based electronic health record automation system for healthcare. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 1-11.
  • Chen, G., Xu, B., Lu, M., and Chen, N. S. (2018). Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 1-10.
  • Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., ... and Wattenhofer, R. (2016). On Scaling Decentralised Blockchains: (A Position Paper). In Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2016 International Workshops, BITCOIN, VOTING, and WAHC, Christ Church, Barbados, February 26, 2016, Revised Selected Papers 20 (pp. 106-125). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • De Caria, R. (2018). The legal meaning of smart contracts. European Review of Private Law, 26(6).
  • De Guimarães, J. C. F., Severo, E. A., Júnior, L. A. F., Da Costa, W. P. L. B., and Salmoria, F. T. (2020). Governance and quality of life in smart cities: Towards sustainable development goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 119926.
  • Dimatteo, L. A., and Poncibó, C. (2018). Quandary of smart contracts and remedies: the role of contract law and self-help remedies. European Review of Private Law, 26(6).
  • Dogru, T., Mody, M., and Leonardi, C. (2018). Blockchain technology and its implications for the hospitality industry. Boston University, 1-12.
  • Dutta, P., Choi, T. M., Somani, S., and Butala, R. (2020). Blockchain technology in supply chain operations: Applications, challenges and research opportunities. Transportation research part e: Logistics and transportation review, 142, 102067.
  • Eirinaki, M., and Vazirgiannis, M. (2003). Web mining for web personalization. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), 3(1), 1-27.
  • El Faqir, Y., Arroyo, J., and Hassan, S. (2020). An overview of decentralised autonomous organisations on the blockchain. In Proceedings of the 16th international symposium on open collaboration (pp. 1-8).
  • Ertz, M., and Boily, É. (2019). The rise of the digital economy: Thoughts on blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies for the collaborative economy. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 3(4), 84-93.
  • Ethereum. (2018). Ethereum white paper. Retrieved from https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper
  • Fiorentino, S., and Bartolucci, S. (2021). Blockchain-based smart contracts as new governance tools for the sharing economy. Cities, 117, 103325.
  • Gamidullaeva, L., Finogeev, A., Kataev, M., and Bulysheva, L. (2023). A Design Concept for a Tourism Recommender System for Regional Development. Algorithms, 16(1), 58.
  • Gatteschi, V., Lamberti, F., Demartini, C., Pranteda, C., and Santamaria, V. (2018). To blockchain or not to blockchain: That is the question. It Professional, 20(2), 62-74.
  • George, A. H., Fernando, M., George, A. S., Baskar, T., and Pandey, D. (2021). Metaverse: The next stage of human culture and the internet. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET), 8(12), 1-10.
  • Gomber, P., Kauffman, R. J., Parker, C., and Weber, B. W. (2018). On the fintech revolution: Interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of management information systems, 35(1), 220-265.
  • Gopalan, R., and Narayan, B. (2010). Improving customer experience in tourism: A framework for stakeholder collaboration. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 44(2), 100-112.
  • Handayani, I., Supriati, R., and Aisyah, E. S. N. (2020). Proof of Blockchain Work on The Security of Academic Certificates. In 2020 8th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Hassan, A., and Avi, M. A. R. (2022). Mobile Applications and Tourism Experiences: Some Netnographic Explanations from Bangladesh. In Handbook of Technology Application in Tourism in Asia (pp. 927-951). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Singh, R. P., Suman, R., and Khan, S. (2022). A review of Blockchain Technology applications for financial services. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, 100073.
  • Jin, J., Gubbi, J., Marusic, S., and Palaniswami, M. (2014). An information framework for creating a smart city through internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(2), 112-121.
  • Jing, N., Liu, Q., and Sugumaran, V. (2021). A blockchain-based code copyright management system. Information Processing and Management, 58(3), 102518.
  • Kakavand, H., Kost De Sevres, N., and Chilton, B. (2017). The blockchain revolution: An analysis of regulation and technology related to distributed ledger technologies. Available at SSRN 2849251.
  • Khatoon, A. (2020). A blockchain-based smart contract system for healthcare management. Electronics, 9(1), 94.
  • Leiponen, A., Thomas, L. D., and Wang, Q. (2022). The dApp economy: a new platform for distributed innovation?. Innovation, 24(1), 125-143.
  • Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C., and Duan, L. (2017). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism management, 58, 293-300.
  • Liang, Y. (2022). Application of Blockchain Technology in Smart Tourism. In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) (pp. 3265-3269). Atlantis Press.
  • Liu, X., Farahani, B., and Firouzi, F. (2020). Distributed ledger technology. Intelligent Internet of Things: From Device to Fog and Cloud, 393-431.
  • Nair, G., and Sebastian, S. (2017). Blockchain technology centralised ledger to distributed ledger. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(3), 2823-2827.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Retrieved from https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
  • Nam, K., Dutt, C. S., Chathoth, P., and Khan, M. S. (2021). Blockchain technology for smart city and smart tourism: latest trends and challenges. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 454-468.
  • Negi, D., Sah, A., Rawat, S., Choudhury, T., and Khanna, A. (2021). Blockchain platforms and smart contracts. In Blockchain Applications in IoT Ecosystem (pp. 65-76). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Noor, A. (2022). Adoption of Blockchain Technology Facilitates a Competitive Edge for Logistic Service Providers. Sustainability, 14(23), 15543.
  • Nørfeldt, L., Bøtker, J., Edinger, M., Genina, N., and Rantanen, J. (2019). Cryptopharmaceuticals: increasing the safety of medication by a blockchain of pharmaceutical products. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 108(9), 2838-2841.
  • Parmentola, A., Petrillo, A., Tutore, I., and De Felice, F. (2022). Is blockchain able to enhance environmental sustainability? A systematic review and research agenda from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 194-217.
  • Puri, V., Mondal, S., Das, S., and Vrana, V. G. (2023). Blockchain Propels Tourism Industry—An Attempt to Explore Topics and Information in Smart Tourism Management through Text Mining and Machine Learning. In Informatics (Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 9). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
  • Raluca-Florentina, T. (2022). The Utility of Blockchain Technology in the Electronic Commerce of Tourism Services: An Exploratory Study on Romanian Consumers. Sustainability, 14(2), 943.
  • Rashideh, W. (2020). Blockchain technology framework: Current and future perspectives for the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 80, 104125.
  • Raskin, M. (2016). The law and legality of smart contracts. Geo. L. Tech. Rev., 1, 305.
  • Shrier, D., Wu, W., and Pentland, A. (2016). Blockchain and infrastructure (identity, data security). Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Connection Science, 1(3), 1-19.
  • Singh, S., Sharma, S. K., Mehrotra, P., Bhatt, P., and Kaurav, M. (2022). Blockchain technology for efficient data management in healthcare system: Opportunity, challenges and future perspectives. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, 5042-5046.
  • Sladić, G., Milosavljević, B., Nikolić, S., Sladić, D., and Radulović, A. (2021). A blockchain solution for securing real property transactions: a case study for Serbia. ISPRS international journal of geo-information, 10(1), 35.
  • Sri, P. A., and Bhaskari, D. L. (2020). Blockchain technology for secure medical data sharing using consensus mechanism. Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Strebinger, A., and Treiblmaier, H. (2022). Profiling early adopters of blockchain-based hotel booking applications: demographic, psychographic, and service-related factors. Information Technology and Tourism, 24(1), 1-30.
  • Sun Yin, H. H., Langenheldt, K., Harlev, M., Mukkamala, R. R., and Vatrapu, R. (2019). Regulating cryptocurrencies: a supervised machine learning approach to de-anonymising the bitcoin blockchain. Journal of Management Information Systems, 36(1), 37-73.
  • Sund, T., Lööf, C., Nadjm-Tehrani, S., and Asplund, M. (2020). Blockchain-based event processing in supply chains—A case study at IKEA. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 65, 101971.
  • Tan, W. C., and Sidhu, M. S. (2022). Review of RFID and IoT integration in supply chain management. Operations Research Perspectives, 100229.
  • Thakur, V., Doja, M. N., Dwivedi, Y. K., Ahmad, T., and Khadanga, G. (2020). Land records on blockchain for implementation of land titling in India. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 101940.
  • Verma, M. (2021). Implementation of blockchain-based technique to a hostel room booking system: practical aspects. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 9(5), 1-4.
  • Wenhua, Z., Qamar, F., Abdali, T. A. N., Hassan, R., Jafri, S. T. A., and Nguyen, Q. N. (2023). Blockchain Technology: Security Issues, Healthcare Applications, Challenges and Future Trends. Electronics, 12(3), 546.
  • Xu, J. J. (2016). Are blockchains immune to all malicious attacks? Financial Innovation, 2(1), 1-9.
  • Yadav, S. P., Agrawal, K. K., Bhati, B. S., Al-Turjman, F., and Mostarda, L. (2022). Blockchain-based cryptocurrency regulation: An overview. Computational Economics, 59(4), 1659-1675.
  • Zafar, S., Hassan, S. F. U., Mohammad, A., Al-Ahmadi, A. A., and Ullah, N. (2022). Implementation of a Distributed Framework for Permissioned Blockchain-Based Secure Automotive Supply Chain Management. Sensors, 22(19), 7367.
  • Zhang, L., Hang, L., Jin, W., and Kim, D. (2021). Interoperable multi-blockchain platform based on integrated REST APIs for reliable tourism management. Electronics, 10(23), 2990.
  • Zhang, Z., and Zhao, L. (2018). A design of digital rights management mechanism based on blockchain technology. In Blockchain–ICBC 2018: First International Conference, Held as Part of the Services Conference Federation, SCF 2018, Seattle, WA, USA, June 25-30, 2018, Proceedings 1 (pp. 32-46). Springer International Publishing.
  • Zhao, W. (2022). On Blockchain: Design Principle, Building Blocks, Core Innovations, and Misconceptions. IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine, 8(4), 6-14.
  • Zhu, B., Joseph, A., and Sastry, S. (2011). A taxonomy of cyber-attacks on SCADA systems. In 2011 International conference on internet of things and 4th international conference on cyber, physical and social computing (pp. 380-388). IEEE.
  • Zwitter, A. J., Gstrein, O. J., and Yap, E. (2020). Digital identity and the blockchain: universal identity management and the concept of the "Self-Sovereign" individual. Frontiers in Blockchain, 3, 26.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Erdem Baydeniz 0000-0003-1003-0521

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Baydeniz, E. (2023). Using Blockchain Technology for Smart City and Smart Tourism. Selçuk Turizm Ve Bilişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(3), 67-83.

Selçuk Turizm ve Bilişim Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.