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Somali Örneğinde Türkiye Kalkınma Yardımı Modeli

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 62 - 83, 01.12.2021

Öz

2000'li yıllardan bu yana Türk dış politikasında paradigma değişikliği yaşanmaktadır. 2002 yılında AK Parti iktidarından bu yana Türk dış politikası, gerek ortak kültür coğrafyası olarak kabul ettiği bölgelerde gerekse de Afrika gibi daha çok iç karışıklıklar ve açlık gibi sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalan bölgelerde aktif bir görünüm sergilemektedir. Türkiye, gelişen ekonomisine paralel bir şekilde dış politikada yumuşak güç unsuru olarak insani yardım yanında kalkınma yardımlarını da etkili bir biçimde uygulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel problemi de Türkiye’nin Somali’ye yönelik kalkınma yardımlarının devlet inşasına sunmuş olduğu katkının düzeyinin belirlenmesidir. Türkiye’nin Somali’ye sağladığı insanı, kalkınma ve devlete verilen desteklerin etkinliği hususu tartışılacaktır. Bu noktada, Türkiye tarafından gerçekleştirilen, kalkınma yardımlarının etkinliğinin ve sürdürülebilirliğinin hangi düzeyde olduğunun tespit edilmesi, bu yardımların ileriye dönük planlaması aşamasında faydalı olacaktır. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye'nin Somali örneğinde yapmış olduğu kalkınma yardımlarının sömürge geçmişi olan devletlerin yardımları ile arasındaki farkların tespiti önem taşımaktadır. Bu çerçevede makale, Türkiye’nin yumuşak güç uygulamaları bağlamında Somali’ye yönelik kalkınma yardımlarını bir vaka araştırması kullanarak analiz etmektedir. Vaka araştırması yönteminin avantajı, önceden tahmin edilemese de konuyla ilgili güvenilir sonuçlar üretebilmesidir. Aynı zamanda farklı değişkenler arasındaki ampirik ilişkileri bulmanın önemli bir yoludur. Çalışmadan ortaya çıkan temel sonuç ise, Somali’de Türkiye’nin kalkınma yardımlarının her şeyden önce, insani yardımın niteliği ve uygulamasının oldukça farklı olmasıdır. Türkiye’nin hedefi, bölgedeki insanların hayatlarını doğrudan etkileyecek uzun vadeli kalkınma projeleri ile çoğunlukla mikro düzeyde başarılı olmaktır. İkinci olarak, ortak İslam dini, Batılı aktörlerin aksine, Türkiye’nin Somali’deki varlığını meşrulaştırmada ve aktörler arasında güven yaratmada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

HER HANGI BİR KURUM DESTEKLEMİYOR

Proje Numarası

PROJE DEĞİL MAKALEDİR

Teşekkür

TEŞEKÜR EDERİM

Kaynakça

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  • Denizhan, E. (tarih yok). Türkiye'nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Politikası ve Tika. Dülger, K. (2017). Humanitarian Diplomacy As A New Notion That Has An Improving Effectiveness and Turkey‟s. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2).
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Turkey’s Development Aid Model: The Case of Somali

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 62 - 83, 01.12.2021

Öz

There has been a paradigm shift in Turkish foreign policy since the 2000s. Since the AK Party rule in 2002, Turkish foreign policy has displayed an active outlook both in regions that it accepts as a common cultural geography, and in regions such as Africa, which are faced with problems such as internal disturbances and hunger. In parallel with its developing economy, Turkey effectively implements development aid as well as humanitarian aid as an element of soft power in foreign policy. Due to the political instability it experienced after the civil war in 1991, many state institutions in Somalia collapsed or their capacity to serve was weakened. The main problem of this study we have done is to determine the level of contribution of Turkey's development aid to Somalia to state building. The human resources provided by Turkey to Somalia, development and the effectiveness of the support given to the state will be discussed. At this point, determining the level of effectiveness and sustainability of development assistance provided by Turkey will be useful in the forward planning phase of these aids. However, it is important to identify the differences between Turkey's development assistance in Somalia, for example, with the aid of states with a colonial past. This research thesis analyzes development aid for Somalia within the framework of Turkey's soft power practices using a case study. The advantage of the case study method is that it can produce reliable results on the subject, although it cannot be predicted in advance. It is also an important way of finding empirical relationships between different variables.

Proje Numarası

PROJE DEĞİL MAKALEDİR

Kaynakça

  • Kurnaz, İ. Abdi, C. (2007). The New Age of Security: Implications for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons in the Horn of Africa. Development, 50(4), :75- 81.
  • Abdullahi, A. (2004). Non-State Actors in the Failed State of Somalia: Survey of the Civil Society Organizations in Somalia during the Civil War. Darasaat Ifriqiyayyah(31), 57-87.
  • Abdullahi, A. (2015). The Islamic Movement in Somalia: A case Study of Islah Movement, 1950-2000 . London: Adonis & Abby.
  • Abdullahi, A. (2017). Making sense of Somali history. London: Adons and Abbey publishers LTD.
  • Afacan, İ. (2013). The African Opening in Turkish Foreign Policy. Middle Eastern Analyss. Ortadogu Analiz, 5(52), 46-54.
  • Akpınar, P. (2013). Turkey‟s Peacebuilding in Somalia: The Limits of Humanitarian Diplomacy. Turkish Studies, 13(3).
  • Aktaş, A. (2020, Aralık 10). İnsani Diplomasi Kavramına Genel Bir Giriş Denemesi (II). https://insamer.com/tr/insanidiplomasi-kavramina-genel-bir-girisdenemesi-ii_31.html adresinden alınmıştır
  • Alegöz, H. (2013). Uluslararası İl şk lerde İnsan D plomas n n Rolü: Türk yeSomali Örneği. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fatih Sultan Mehmet
  • Altunışık, M. B. (2019). Turkey’s Humanitarian Diplomacy: The AKP Model. CMI.
  • Aras, B. (2009). Turkey‟s rise in the greater middle east: Peace building in the periphery. ournal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies(11), 29-41.
  • Arif, B. (2017). The Role of Soft Power in China's Foreign Policy in the 21st Century. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 3(3), 92-102.
  • Baadiyow, A. (2017). Makıng Sense of Somalı History (Cilt I). Adonis & Abbey Ltd. Baird, T. (2015). The Geopolitics of Turkey's „Humanitarian Diplomacy‟ in Somalia: A Critique. Review of African Political Economy, 7(16).
  • Baldwin, A. (2005). Power and International Relations. W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse, & B. Simmons içinde, Handbook of International Relations. London: sage.
  • Barnes, C., & Hassan, H. (2007). The Rise and Fall of Mogadishu's Islamic Courts. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 1(2), 151-160.
  • Bingöl, O. (2013). Somali‟de Barış ve Kalkınma Sürecinde Türkiye‟nin Rolü. Akademik Bakış, 7(13), 81-106.
  • Brons, M. (2001). 1 Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness? Utrecht: International Books.
  • Brons, M. (2001). Society, Security Sovereignty and the state of Somalia: From Statelessness to statelessness. International books.
  • Bulhan, H. (2008). Politics of Cain: One hundred years of crises in Somali politics and society. Tayosan International Pub.
  • Cannon, B. (2016). Deconstructing Turkey‟s Efforts in Somalia. Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies, 16(14).
  • Cooper, F. (2010). Writing the History of Development. Journal of Modern European History, 8(1), 5-23.
  • Çakmak, H. (2007). Uluslararası İlişkiler: Giriş, Kavram Ve Teoriler. Ankara: Barış Kitabevi.
  • Çaman, M., & Akyurt, M. A. (2011). Caucasus and Central Asia in Turkish Foreign Policy:The Time Has Come for a New Regional Policy. ALTERNATIVES
  • TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 10(2-3), 45-64.,
  • Çamır, M. (2009). Yumuşak Güç Kavramı Ve Türk Dış Politikasında Yumuşak Güç. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü. Ankara.
  • Çevik, S. (2018). Reassessing Turkey‟s Soft Power: The Rules of Attraction. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 44(1), 50-71.
  • Daixing, T., Xiaoping, L., & Xingyu, Y. (2012). Research on Soft Power and Its Discipline Orientation. International Business and Management, 4(1), 18-27.
  • Davutoğlu, A. (20 May 2010). Turkey‟s Zero-Problems Foreign Policy. Foreign Policy Magazine.
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2013). Stratejik Derinlik. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları.
  • Demir, V. (2012). Kamu Diplomasisi ve Yumuşak Güç. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayın.
  • Demirtepe, M. (2012). Transformation of a Development Aid Agency: TİKA in a Changing Domestic and International Setting. Turkish Studies, 13(4).
  • Denizhan, E. (tarih yok). Türkiye'nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Politikası ve Tika. Dülger, K. (2017). Humanitarian Diplomacy As A New Notion That Has An Improving Effectiveness and Turkey‟s. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2).
  • Eno, M. (2014). An Overview of Primary and Secondary Education. Journal of Somali studies, 1. Eren, Ö. (2013). An Instutional Approach To Turkey's Relations With Central Asian Countries. Yayınlanmamış Master Tezi.
  • Farah, Q. H. (2011). Revitalization of Somalia: Dib U Soo Nooleynta Somaaliya. Bloomington:AuthorHouse.
  • Fellin, M. (2013). The Historical Impact of Conflict and Internal Displacement in Somalia. Journal of Internal Displacement, 3(2), 42-62.
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  • Kalın, İ. (2011). Soft Power and Public Diplomacy in Turkey. PERCEPTIONS, 16(3), 5-23.
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  • Lewis, I. (1989). the Ogaden and the Fragility of Somali Segmentary Nationalism. African Affairs, 88(353), 573-579.
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  • Manrique, M. (2015). Access To Quality Education Is Essential For Developmen.
  • Maxamed, G., & Ismaaciil, C. (2003). Soomaaliya: Dareen maqan iyo damac shisheeye. London. Menkhaus, K. (2007). Governance without Gover nment in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Copin. International Security, 31(3), 74-106.
  • Menkhaus, K. (2014). State failure, state-building,and prospects for a „functional failed state‟ in Somalia. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 656(1), 154-172.
  • Minear, L., & Smith, H. (2007). umanitarian Diplomacy: Practitioner and Their Craft. Japan: United Nations University Press.
  • Mudane, H. (2018). The Somali Civil War: Root cause, and contributing variables. International Journal for Social Studies, 4(5), 41-50.
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  • Mulugeta, K. (2009). The Role of Regional and International Organizations in Resolving the Somali Conflict : The Case of IGAD. Addis Ababa: Friedrich Ebert-Stiftung.
  • Mundle, S. (1993). Policies, Paradigms and Development Debate at Close of Twentieth Century. Economic and Political Weekly, 28(36), 1879-1882.
  • Nye, J. (2003). Amerikan Gücünün Paradoksu. (G. Koca, Çev.) İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
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  • Nye, L. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy(80), 153-172.
  • Ongor, H. (2015). Identifying Ottomanisms: The discursive evolution of ottoman pasts in the Turkish presents. Middle Eastern Studies(51), 416-432.
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  • Ozkan, M. (2012). A New Actor or Passer-By? The Political Economy of Turkey‟s Engagement with Africa. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 14(1), 113-133.
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  • adresinden alınmıştır www.arabnews.com. (2021). 03 16, 2021 tarihinde
  • https://www.arabnews.com/node/1779416/middle-east adresinden alındı www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey. (2020, Aralık 10). Turkey’s Development Cooperation:
  • General Characteristics And The Least Developed Countries (LDC) Aspect. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-development-cooperation.en.mfa adresinden alınmıştır
  • www.timeturk.com. (2013). 03 15, 2021 tarihinde https://www.timeturk.com/tr/2013/03/04/tsk-somali-askerini-egitecek.html adresinden alındı
  • Yılmaz, S. (2012). Akıllı Güç. Ankara: Kum Saati Yayınları.
Toplam 110 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ibrahım Ismaıl Abdı 0000-0002-2259-3631

Çiğdem Nas 0000-0001-6846-2728

Faruk Taşcı 0000-0003-0796-8834

Proje Numarası PROJE DEĞİL MAKALEDİR
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Abdı, I. I., Nas, Ç., & Taşcı, F. (2021). Somali Örneğinde Türkiye Kalkınma Yardımı Modeli. Toplumsal Politika Dergisi, 2(2), 62-83.