Öz
Literary works, as a medium for conveying cultural messages, play a pivotal role in both generating and disseminating political hegemony. The recent incorporation of critical geopolitics into literary criticism, originally an offshoot of international relations, signifies an expansion of its analytical purview to scrutinise literary works and expose latent political practices. At the core of critical geopolitics is the assertion that geopolitics is not an impartial framework but a socially, culturally, and politically constructed discourse designed to organise global politics. The methodology of critical geopolitics entails a meticulous examination and delineation of discourses that shape a specific mindset, adhering to particular understandings and objectives. This scrutiny of discourses unveils the intricate interplay between geopolitics and knowledge production, wherein specific political and cultural assumptions are unequivocally presented as universal truths. Thus, the resultant knowledge reflects not only the unique mindset of a particular subject and culture but also perpetuates the marginalisation of alternative perspectives. In essence, the knowledge generated within the realm of geopolitics, encompassing perceptions of place and identity, is inherently non-neutral; rather, it constitutes constructed representations. The discourses wielded in this construction process are subjective expressions strategically tailored to serve distinct objectives. This study endeavours to illustrate how meanings and power dynamics are intricately intertwined with these intentionally crafted representations in The Golden Ocean (1956) by Patrick O’Brian. Through this analysis, the study seeks to unravel the complex nexus between literature, geopolitical constructions, and the perpetuation of power relations.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Patrick O'Brian The Golden Ocean critical geopolitics discourse
Kaynakça
- Agnew, J. & Corbridge, S. (1995). Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory and International Political Economy. Routledge.
- Barker, C. & Galasinski, D. (2001). Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis: A Dialogue on Language and Identity. Sage Publications Ltd.
- Barthes, R. (1989). The Rustle of Language. (R. Howard. Trans.). University of California Press. (Original work published in 1984).
- Cohen, S. B. (2003). Geopolitics of the World System. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.
- Dalby, S. (2016). Creating the Second Cold War: The Discourse of Politics. Bloomsbury Academic.
- Dodds, K. (2000). Geopolitics in a Changing World. Pearson Education Limited.
- Elden, S. (2018). Shakespearean Territories. The University of Chicago Press.
- Flint, C. (2006). Introduction to Geopolitics. Routledge.
- Foster, R. F. (1989). Modern Ireland: 1600-1972. Penguin Books.
- Foucault, M. (1965). Madness and Civilization. Vintage Books.
- Godlewska, A. (2001). The Idea of the Map. In S. Hanson (Ed.), Ten Geographic Ideas That Changed the World. Rutgers University Press.
- Hall, S. (1992). The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power. In S. Hall & G. Bram (Eds.), Formations of Modernity. Polity Press.
- Hall, S. (1997). Introduction. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. Sage Publications.
- Irr, C. (2014). Toward the Geopolitical Novel: U. S. Fiction in the Twenty First Century. Columbia University Press.
- Konstam, A. (2011). The Great Expedition: Sir Francis Drake on the Spanish Main, 1585-86. Osprey Publishing.
- Monaghan, P. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore. Facts on File, Inc.
- O’Brian, P. (1998). The Golden Ocean. HarperCollins Publishers.
- Ohlmeyer, J. (1999). Seventeenth-Century Ireland and the New British and Atlantic Histories. The American Historical Review, Vol. 104, No. 2, 446-462.
- Ohlmeyer, J. (2016). Conquest, Civilization, Colonization: Ireland, 1540-1660. In R. Bourke & I. McBride (Eds.), The Princeton History of Modern Ireland. Princeton University Press.
- Ó Tuathail, G. & Agnew J. (1992). Geopolitics and discourse: Practical geopolitical reasoning in American foreign policy. Political Geography, March/Vol. 11, No:2, 190-204.
- Ó Tuathail, G. (1996). Critical Geopolitics. Routledge.
- Ó Tuathail, G. (1998). Thinking Critically About Geopolitics. In G. Ó Tuathail, S. Dalby & P. Routledge (Eds.), The Geopolitics Reader. Routledge.
- Parker, G. (1985). Western Geopolitical Thought in the Twentieth Century. Croom Helm.
- Said, E. (2003). Orientalism. Penguin Books.
- Wanberg, K. (2020). Maps of Empire: A Topography of World Literature. University of Toronto Press.
- Williams, G. (1967). Documents Relating to Anson’s Voyage Round the World: 1740-1744. Navy Records Society.
- Wood, D. (1992). The Power of Maps. The Guilford Press.
Öz
Kültürel mesajların aktarılmasında bir araç olarak da kullanılabilen edebî eserler, politik hegemonyanın oluşturulmasında ve yayılmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Eleştirel jeopolitiğin edebî eleştiriye dâhil edilmesi, edebî eser incelenmesinde ve örtük politik bağlantıların ortaya çıkarılmasında analitik bir genişlemeye işaret eder. Eleştirel jeopolitiğin temelinde, jeopolitiğin tarafsız olmadığı, aksine küresel politikayı düzenlemek için tasarlanmış sosyal, kültürel ve politik bir yapı olduğu iddiası bulunmaktadır. Eleştirel jeopolitiğin metodolojisi, belirli anlayışlara ve amaçlara bağlı kalarak zihniyetleri şekillendiren söylemleri titizlikle incelemeyi ve görünür kılmayı benimser. Bu söylemlerin incelenmesi, jeopolitik ve bilgi üretim süreci arasındaki belirli politik ve kültürel varsayımların hakikat olarak gösterilerek yansıtıldığı karmaşık etkileşimi ortaya çıkarır. Böylece, üretilen bilgi, sadece belirli bir öznenin ve kültürün zihniyetini değil aynı zamanda alternatif bakış açılarının marjinalleştirilmesini de sürdürür. Aslında, jeopolitik düşüncenin ürettiği bilgi, mekân ve kimlik algısı yaratır ve doğal olarak tarafsız değildir; aksine, inşa edilmiş temsilleri oluşturur. Bu inşa sürecinde kullanılan söylemler, belirli amaçlara hizmet etmek üzere stratejik olarak şekillendirilmiş öznel ifadelerdir. Bu çalışma, Patrick O’Brian’ın The Golden Ocean (1956) isimli eseri kapsamında anlamların ve güç dinamiklerinin bilinçli olarak oluşturulmuş bu temsillerle karmaşık bir şekilde nasıl iç içe geçtiğini ortaya koymayı hedefler. Bu analiz yoluyla, bu çalışma edebiyat, jeopolitik kurgular ve güç ilişkilerinin sürekliliği arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi çözmeye çalışmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Patrick O'Brian The Golden Ocean eleştirel jeopolitik söylem
Kaynakça
- Agnew, J. & Corbridge, S. (1995). Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory and International Political Economy. Routledge.
- Barker, C. & Galasinski, D. (2001). Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis: A Dialogue on Language and Identity. Sage Publications Ltd.
- Barthes, R. (1989). The Rustle of Language. (R. Howard. Trans.). University of California Press. (Original work published in 1984).
- Cohen, S. B. (2003). Geopolitics of the World System. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.
- Dalby, S. (2016). Creating the Second Cold War: The Discourse of Politics. Bloomsbury Academic.
- Dodds, K. (2000). Geopolitics in a Changing World. Pearson Education Limited.
- Elden, S. (2018). Shakespearean Territories. The University of Chicago Press.
- Flint, C. (2006). Introduction to Geopolitics. Routledge.
- Foster, R. F. (1989). Modern Ireland: 1600-1972. Penguin Books.
- Foucault, M. (1965). Madness and Civilization. Vintage Books.
- Godlewska, A. (2001). The Idea of the Map. In S. Hanson (Ed.), Ten Geographic Ideas That Changed the World. Rutgers University Press.
- Hall, S. (1992). The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power. In S. Hall & G. Bram (Eds.), Formations of Modernity. Polity Press.
- Hall, S. (1997). Introduction. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. Sage Publications.
- Irr, C. (2014). Toward the Geopolitical Novel: U. S. Fiction in the Twenty First Century. Columbia University Press.
- Konstam, A. (2011). The Great Expedition: Sir Francis Drake on the Spanish Main, 1585-86. Osprey Publishing.
- Monaghan, P. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore. Facts on File, Inc.
- O’Brian, P. (1998). The Golden Ocean. HarperCollins Publishers.
- Ohlmeyer, J. (1999). Seventeenth-Century Ireland and the New British and Atlantic Histories. The American Historical Review, Vol. 104, No. 2, 446-462.
- Ohlmeyer, J. (2016). Conquest, Civilization, Colonization: Ireland, 1540-1660. In R. Bourke & I. McBride (Eds.), The Princeton History of Modern Ireland. Princeton University Press.
- Ó Tuathail, G. & Agnew J. (1992). Geopolitics and discourse: Practical geopolitical reasoning in American foreign policy. Political Geography, March/Vol. 11, No:2, 190-204.
- Ó Tuathail, G. (1996). Critical Geopolitics. Routledge.
- Ó Tuathail, G. (1998). Thinking Critically About Geopolitics. In G. Ó Tuathail, S. Dalby & P. Routledge (Eds.), The Geopolitics Reader. Routledge.
- Parker, G. (1985). Western Geopolitical Thought in the Twentieth Century. Croom Helm.
- Said, E. (2003). Orientalism. Penguin Books.
- Wanberg, K. (2020). Maps of Empire: A Topography of World Literature. University of Toronto Press.
- Williams, G. (1967). Documents Relating to Anson’s Voyage Round the World: 1740-1744. Navy Records Society.
- Wood, D. (1992). The Power of Maps. The Guilford Press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü |
| Bölüm | Tam Sayı |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Mart 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 4 Ocak 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 18 Ocak 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Sayı: 63 |
- Makale Dosyaları
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